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List Of Christian Scientists And Scholars Of The Medieval Islamic World
This is a list of Christian scientists and scholars from the Muslim World and Spain (Al-Andalus) who lived during medieval Islam up until the beginning of the modern age. Christian converts to Islam are also included. The following Muslim naming articles are not used for indexing: :*''Al'' - the :*''ibn'', ''bin'', ''banu'' - son of :*''abu'' - father of, the one with A * Abdollah ibn Bukhtishu (940–1058) Syriac physician. * Athanasius II Baldoyo Syriac Orthodox historian and Patriarch of Antioch. * Ammar al-Basri 9th-century East Syrian theologian and apologist. * Anthony of Tagrit 9th-century West Syrian Syriac theologian and Rhetorician. * Abdisho bar Berika (died 1318) Syriac writer and bishop. B * Bukhtishu (7th-9th centuries) family of syriac Christian physicians. * ibn Batriq (877–940) physician and melkite Patriarch of Alexandria. * Ibn Butlan (1038, 1075) Arab Nestorian Christian physician. * Abu Bishr Matta ibn Yunus (870–20 June 940) Nestorian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christians
Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words '' Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term ''mashiach'' (מָשִׁיחַ) (usually rendered as ''messiah'' in English). While there are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict, they are united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance. The term ''Christian'' used as an adjective is descriptive of anything associated with Christianity or Christian churches, or in a proverbial sense "all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like." It does not have a meaning of 'of Christ' or 'related or pertaining to Christ'. According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunayn Ibn Ishaq
Hunayn ibn Ishaq al-Ibadi (also Hunain or Hunein) ( ar, أبو زيد حنين بن إسحاق العبادي; (809–873) was an influential Nestorian Christian translator, scholar, physician, and scientist. During the apex of the Islamic Abbasid era, he worked with a group of translators, among whom were Abū 'Uthmān al-Dimashqi, Ibn Mūsā al-Nawbakhti, and Thābit ibn Qurra, to translate books of philosophy and classical Greek and Persian texts into Arabic and Syriac. Ḥunayn ibn Isḥaq was the most productive translator of Greek medical and scientific treatises in his day. He studied Greek and became known as the "Sheikh of the translators". He mastered four languages: Arabic, Syriac, Greek and Persian. Hunayn's method was widely followed by later translators. He was originally from al-Hira, the capital of a pre-Islamic cultured Arab kingdom, but he spent his working life in Baghdad, the center of the great ninth-century Greek-into-Arabic/Syriac translation movem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael The Syrian
Michael the Syrian ( ar, ميخائيل السرياني, Mīkhaʾēl el Sūryani:),( syc, ܡܺܝܟ݂ܳܐܝܶܠ ܣܽܘܪܝܳܝܳܐ, Mīkhoʾēl Sūryoyo), died 1199 AD, also known as Michael the Great ( syr, ܡܺܝܟ݂ܳܐܝܶܠ ܪܰܒ݁ܳܐ, Mīkhoʾēl Rabo) or Michael Syrus or Michael the Elder, to distinguish him from his nephew, was a patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1166 to 1199. He is best known today as the author of the largest medieval ''Chronicle'', which he wrote in the Syriac language. Some other works and fragments written by him have also survived. Life The life of Michael is recorded by Bar Hebraeus. He was born ca. 1126 in Melitene (today Malatya), the son of the Priest Eliya (Elias), of the Qindasi family. His uncle, the monk Athanasius, became bishop of Anazarbus in Cilicia in 1136. At that period Melitene was part of the kingdom of the Turkoman Danishmend dynasty, and, when that realm was divided in two in 1142, it became the capital of one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masawaih Al-Mardini
Masawaih al-Mardini (Yahyā ibn Masawaih al-Mardini; known as Mesue the Younger) was a Assyrian physician. He was born in Mardin, Upper Mesopotamia. After working in Baghdad, he entered to the service of the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. He died in 1015 in Cairo at the age of ninety. Masawaih al-Mardini was a Nestorian Christian. He is known due to his books on purgatives and emetics (''De medicins laxativis'') and on the complete ''pharmacopoeia'' in 12 parts called the ''Antidotarium sive Grabadin medicamentorum'', which remained for centuries the standard textbook of pharmacy in the West. He also described methods of distillation of empyreumatic oils. A method of extracting oil from "some kind of bituminous shale", one of the first descriptions of extraction of shale oil Shale oil is an unconventional oil produced from oil shale rock fragments by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution. These processes convert the organic matter within the rock ( ke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Sahl 'Isa Ibn Yahya Al-Masihi
Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi al-Jurjani ( fa, ابو سهل عيسى بن يحيى مسيحی گرگانی) was a Christian Persian physician,Firoozeh Papan-Matin, ''Beyond death: the mystical teachings of ʻAyn al-Quḍāt al-Hamadhānī'', (Brill, 2010), 111. from Gorgan, east of the Caspian Sea, in Iran. He was the teacher of Avicenna. He wrote an encyclopedic treatise on medicine of one hundred chapters (''al-mā'a fi-l-sanā'a al-tabi'iyyah''; ar, المائة في الصناعة الطبيعية), which is one of the earliest Arabic works of its kind and may have been in some respects the model of Avicenna's Qanun. He wrote other treatises on measles, on the plague, on the pulse, etc. He died in a dust storm in the deserts of Khwarezmia in 1010. References Sources *Carl Brockelmann: ''Arabische Litteratur'' (vol. 1, 138, 1898). * G. Karmi, A mediaeval compendium of Arabic medicine: Abu Sahl al-Masihi's "Book of the Hundred.", J. Hist. Arabic Sci. vol. 2(2) 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masawaiyh
Yuhanna ibn Masawaih (circa 777–857), ( ar, يوحنا بن ماسويه), also written Ibn Masawaih, Masawaiyh, and in Latin Janus Damascenus, or Mesue, Masuya, Mesue Major, Msuya, and Mesuë the Elder was a Persian or Assyrian East Syriac Christian physician from the Academy of Gundishapur. According to '' The Canon of Medicine'' for Avicenna and '''Uyun al-Anba'' for the medieval Arabic historian Ibn Abi Usaybi'a, Masawaiyh's father was Assyrian and his mother was Slavic. Life Born in 777 CE as the son of a pharmacist and physician from Gundishapur, he came to Baghdad and studied under Jabril ibn Bukhtishu. He became director of a hospital in Baghdad, and was personal physician to four caliphs. He composed medical treatises on a number of topics, including ophthalmology, fevers, leprosy, headache, melancholia, dietetics, the testing of physicians, and medical aphorisms. One of Masawaiyh's treatises concerns aromatics, entitled, ''On Simple Aromatic Substances''. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apology Of Al-Kindy
''Apology of al-Kindi'' (also spelled al-Kindy) is a medieval theological polemic making a case for Christianity and drawing attention to alleged flaws in Islam. The word "apology" is a translation of the Arabic word ', and it is used in the sense of apologetics. It is attributed to an Arab Christian referred to as Abd al-Masih ibn Ishaq al-Kindi. This Al-Kindi is otherwise unknown, and is clearly different from the Muslim philosopher Abu Yûsuf ibn Ishâq al-Kindī. The significance of the work lies in its availability to Europe's educated elite from as early as the twelfth century as a source of information about Islam. Publishing history The date of composition of the ''Apology'' is controversial. The earliest surviving manuscripts of the Arabic text are seventeenth century. However, the Arabic manuscripts are predated by a twelfth-century Latin translation made in Spain, where the Arabic text is assumed to have been circulating among Mozarabs.P.S. van KoningsveldThe Apo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Bar Penkaye
John bar Penkaye ( syr, ܝܘܚܢܢ ܒܪ ܦܢܟܝ̈ܐ ''Yōḥannān bar Penkāyē'') was a writer of the late seventh century who was a member of the Church of the East. He lived at the time of the fifth Umayyad caliph, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. His surname indicates that his parents came from Feneq, on the Tigris east of Tur Abdin. He was a monk at the monastery of Mar John of Kamul, and later at the monastery of Mar Bassima. Later writers confuse him with John Saba of Dalyatha.S. Brock, ''A brief outline of Syriac Literature'', Moran Etho 9, Kottayam, Kerala: SEERI (1997), pp.56-57, 135 John bar Penkaye's writings provides an eyewitness account of the early Muslim conquests of his time. Works A number of his works are still in existence. Most of them have never been published and are extant only in manuscripts. ''Ktâbâ d-rêš mellê'' or ''Summary history of the world'' This is in 15 books. * Books 1-4 cover from creation to Herod the Great * Book 5 is on demons * Boo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John III Of The Sedre
John III of the Sedre ( syr, ܝܘܚܢܢ ܕܣܕܪ̈ܘܗܝ, ar, يوحنا ابو السدرات) was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 631 until his death in 648. He is commemorated as a saint by the Syriac Orthodox Church, and his feast day is 14 December. Biography John was born at the village of Beth ‘Ellaya, and became a monk at either the monastery of Gubo Baroyo, according to the ''Chronicle'' of Michael the Syrian, or the monastery of Eusebona, as per Bar Hebraeus' ''Ecclesiastical History'', where he studied Greek, Syriac, and theology. He was consecrated as a deacon, and later became the ''syncellus'' (secretary) of the Patriarch Athanasius I Gammolo. At the conclusion of the Roman-Sasanian war of 602–628, John was sent to meet with Shahanshah Ardashir III of the Sasanian Empire, and then afterwards to travel to the Monastery of Saint Matthew near Nineveh in Assyria to re-establish the union between the Syriac non-Chalcedonians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Of Edessa
Jacob of Edessa (or James of Edessa) ( syr, ܝܥܩܘܒ ܐܘܪܗܝܐ, Yaʿqub Urhoyo) (c. 640 – 5 June 708) was Bishop of Edessa and prominent Syriac Christian writer in Classical Syriac language, also known as one of earliest Syriac grammarians. In various works, he treated theological, liturgical, canonical, philosophical and historical subjects, and contributed significantly to scholarly and literary development of Syriac Christianity. He is considered to be one of the most important scholars of the Christian-Aramean tradition. Life Jacob of Edessa was born in Aindaba (Arabic: عيندابا) at 50 km west of Aleppo, around 640. He studied at the famous monastery of Qenneshre (on the left bank of the Euphrates) and later at Alexandria. On his return from Alexandria he became a monk at Edessa, where he was known for his learning. Ordained a priest in 672, he was appointed metropolitan of Edessa by his friend Athanasius II, Patriarch of Antioch. He held this office for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Bar-Salibi
Dionysius bar Salibi (died 1171) was Syriac Orthodox writer and bishop, who served as metropolitan of Amid, in Upper Mesopotamia, from 1166 to 1171. He was one of the most prominent and prolific writers within the Syriac Orthodox Church during the twelfth century. He was a native of Malatia, on the upper Euphrates. His baptismal name was Jacob. He assumed name 'Dionysius' upon consecration to the episcopate. In 1154 he was created bishop of Marash by the patriarch Athanasius VII bar Qatra; a year later the diocese of Mabbug was added to his charge. In 1166, new patriarch Michael the Great, the successor of Athanasius, transferred him to the metropolitan see of Amid in Mesopotamia, and there he remained till his death in 1171. Of his writings probably the most important are his exhaustive commentaries on the text of the Old and New Testaments, in which he skillfully interwove and summarized the interpretations of previous writers such as Ephrem the Syrian, Chrysostom, Cyr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jabril Ibn Bukhtishu
Jabril ibn Bukhtishu, (Jibril ibn Bakhtisha) also written as Bakhtyshu, was an 8th-9th century physician from the Bukhtishu family of Assyrian Nestorian physicians from the Academy of Gundishapur. He was a Nestorian and spoke the Syriac language. Grandson of Jirjis ibn Jibril, he lived in the second half of the eighth century. He was physician to Ja'far the Barmakide, then in 805-6 to Harun al-Rashid and later to al-Ma'mun; died in 828-29; buried in the monastery of St. Sergios in al-Madain (Ctesiphon). He wrote various medical works and exerted much influence upon the progress of science in Baghdad. Works attributed to him include ''Kitāb ṭabā’i‘ al-ḥayawān wa-khawāṣṣihā wa-manāfi‘ a‘ḍā’ihā'' ('Book of the Characteristics of Animals and Their Properties and the Usefulness of Their Organs'), written for Nasir al-Dawla; ''Risāla fī al-ṭibb wa-al-aḥdāth al-nafsāniyya'' ('Treatise on Medicine and Psychological Phenomena'); and ''Kitāb naʿt al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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