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Law Of Uppland
The Law of Uppland (; ) was the law that applied in Uppland, Sweden, from 1296 to the beginning of the 1350s. It was drafted by a Royal commission, enacted at the three Folkland (Swedish provinces), Folkland Thing (assembly), Things, and given Royal assent in 1296. The Law of Uppland became the law of the land, not only for the province of Uppland it created, containing the three Folklands and Roden, Sweden, Roden, but also for Gästrikland. The law contained eight law codes: The Church, King's, Heritance, Freeman's, Land, Merchant's, Neighborhood, and Thing codes. Courts were held in each Hundred (county division), Hundred and each Folkland. There were no public prosecutors, and no material difference between criminal and civil cases existed. Suits in law would be initiated by the parties. Legal proceedings were of three kinds: trial by Witness, eyewitnesses, trial by compurgation and trial by jury. Background In early medieval Sweden, each (Provinces of Sweden, province) was ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folkland (Swedish Provinces)
The Folklands (Folklanden) is the name for the original Sweden, Swedish provinces of Tiundaland, Attundaland, Fjärdhundraland, and Roden (Roslagen) which in the 1296 united to form the province of Uppland. They were originally united by electing a common king who administered the sacrifices at Gamla Uppsala, Uppsala and who was the commander of the leidang during wars. It is not known when they united for the first time, but already in 98 AD, Tacitus described the Suiones as a powerful tribe. Modern usage The term ''Folkland'', in the transferred sense of originally independent subprovinces, has by modern historians also been used to refer to the similar traditional provinces of the areas which later became the unified provinces of Hälsingland and Småland. See also *Petty kingdom *Stone of Mora Medieval Sweden {{Sweden-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birger, King Of Sweden
Birger (Swedish: ''Birger Magnusson''; 1280 – 31 May 1321) was King of Sweden from 1290 to 1318. Background Birger was the son of King Magnus III of Sweden and Hedwig of Holstein. He was hailed king of Sweden when he was four years old. This was done by his father in order to secure the succession. In 1275, King Magnus had led a rebellion against his elder brother, King Valdemar, and ousted him from the throne. Before his death, King Magnus ordered his kinsman, Torkel Knutsson, the Constable of the Realm, to be the guardian of his son Birger. In 1302, Birger was crowned at Söderköping after marrying Martha of Denmark, the daughter of King Eric V of Denmark. Reign Birger was only ten years old when his father died, at which time Torkel Knutsson was the most influential statesman in Sweden. In 1293, Torkel Knutsson led the Swedes to a victory which won a part of western Karelia. This expedition has traditionally been dubbed as the Third Swedish Crusade. When Torkel Knutsson ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Priest
A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities. Their office or position is the 'priesthood', a term which also may apply to such persons collectively. A priest may have the duty to hear confessions periodically, give marriage counseling, provide prenuptial counseling, give spiritual direction, teach catechism, or visit those confined indoors, such as the sick in hospitals and nursing homes. Description According to the trifunctional hypothesis of prehistoric Proto-Indo-European society, priests have existed since the earliest of times and in the simplest societies, most likely as a result of agricultural surplus and consequent social stratification. The necessity to read sacred texts and keep temple or church rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is called episcopacy. Organizationally, several Christian denominations utilize ecclesiastical structures that call for the position of bishops, while other denominations have dispensed with this office, seeing it as a symbol of power. Bishops have also exercised political authority. Traditionally, bishops claim apostolic succession, a direct historical lineage dating back to the original Twelve Apostles or Saint Paul. The bishops are by doctrine understood as those who possess the full priesthood given by Jesus Christ, and therefore may ordain other clergy, including other bishops. A person ordained as a deacon, priest (i.e. presbyter), and then bishop is understood to hold the fullness of the ministerial priesthood, given responsibility b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Code Of 1734
The Civil Code of 1734 (Swedish: ''1734 års lag''), was passed by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates in 1734, and put in effect after it had been ratified by Frederick I of Sweden 23 January 1736. It became the foundation of the later civil code in Sweden – including Österland, which became Finland when annexed by Russia in 1809; though many alterations have been made in both Sweden and Finland since. The current Swedish Code of Statutes is founded on the civil code of 1734. The Civil Code of 1734 replaced the previous ''Kristofers landslag'' (The National Law of Christopher) from 1442, and the '' Stadslagen'' (The City Law) from 1347–57. It was the first civil code to apply the same law to all of Sweden. Previously, the ''Kristofers landslag'' referred to the Medieval Scandinavian law concerning the countryside, which could vary depending on the county, or the '' Stadslagen'' concerning the cities.Nationalencyklopedin (NE) There was a need to establish a civil code and laws a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Church Law 1686
The Swedish Church Law 1686 () was a Swedish law which (with some alterations) regulated the relationship between the state and the church in Sweden from 1686 until the Swedish Church Law 1992, as well as in Finland (earlier a Swedish province) until 1870. It replaced the previous Swedish Church Ordinance 1571. History During the reign of Charles X Gustav of Sweden, two suggestions were put forward to replace the Swedish Church Ordinance 1571: one by , and one by . In 1663, an investigation to change the law was formally issued, and in 1682, the two suggestions were merged. A commission was formed to process it, consisting mainly of bishops and superintendents, including Olof Svebilius, Haquin Spegel, and . Their revised proposal was adopted as the 1686 Church Law. The Swedish Church Law 1686 abolished canon law and the Law of Uppland church charter. The state, represented by the monarch, by then the king of an absolute monarchy, was the head of the Church and thus had fina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnus Erikssons Landslag
The Magnus Erikssons landslag (Country Law of Magnus Eriksson) also called only ''Landslagen'' (Country Law) was a Swedish law passed by king Magnus IV in circa 1341. It was the first attempt to a law applying to the entire nation of Sweden, replacing the previous local county laws of the Medieval Scandinavian law. The Country Law applied to the entire countryside, but not to the cities, which were governed according to the '' Stadslagen'' (City Law), which were issued in about the same time, but were separate laws. The Kristofers landslag from 1442, was an amended version this law, in effect in Sweden-Finland until the Civil Code of 1734 The Civil Code of 1734 (Swedish: ''1734 års lag''), was passed by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates in 1734, and put in effect after it had been ratified by Frederick I of Sweden 23 January 1736. It became the foundation of the later civil code in .... The law was divided into the following chapters (''balk''): *Kyrkobalken - The Chuch *Konu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Stephen
Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ''Stéphanos'', meaning "wreath, crown" and by extension "reward, honor, renown, fame", often given as a title rather than as a name; c. 5 – c. 34 AD) is traditionally venerated as the protomartyr or first martyr of Christianity."St. Stephen the Deacon" , St. Stephen Diaconal Community Association, Roman Catholic Diocese of Rochester. According to the Acts of the Apostles, he was a in the early Church at who angered members of various [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Assent
Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf. In some jurisdictions, royal assent is equivalent to promulgation, while in others that is a separate step. Under a modern constitutional monarchy, royal assent is considered little more than a formality. Even in nations such as the United Kingdom, Norway, the Netherlands, Liechtenstein and Monaco which still, in theory, permit their monarch to withhold assent to laws, the monarch almost never does so, except in a dire political emergency or on advice of government. While the power to veto by withholding royal assent was once exercised often by European monarchs, such an occurrence has been very rare since the eighteenth century. Royal assent is typically associated with elaborate ceremony. In the United Kingdom the Sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enactment Of A Bill
A bill is proposed legislation under consideration by a legislature. A bill does not become law until it is passed by the legislature as well as, in most cases, approved by the executive. Once a bill has been enacted into law, it is called an '' act of the legislature'', or a ''statute''. Bills are introduced in the legislature and are discussed, debated and voted upon. Usage The word ''bill'' is primarily used in Anglophone United Kingdom and United States, the parts of a bill are known as ''clauses'', until it has become an act of parliament, from which time the parts of the law are known as ''sections''. In Napoleonic law nations (including France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Spain and Portugal), a proposed law may be known as a "law project" (Fr. ''projet de loi''), which is a government-introduced bill, or a "law proposition" (Fr. ''proposition de loi''), a private member's bill. For example the Dutch parliamentary system does not make this terminological distinction (''wetsontwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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