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Lorch Monastery
Lorch Abbey () was a Benedictine monastery in Lorch (Württemberg), Lorch from 1102 to 1556 and again from 1630 to 1648. It was originally the house monastery of the Staufer dynasty. Today, many of its buildings remain and are open to visitors. History Lorch was founded in 1102 by Duke Frederick I of Swabia; his wife, Agnes of Waiblingen; and their sons, the future Duke Frederick II of Swabia, Frederick II and King Conrad III of Germany, Conrad III.Leslie Anne Hamel, "Lorch", in John Jeep (ed.), ''Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia'' (Garland, 2001), p. 466.John Freed, ''Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth'' (Yale University Press, 2016), pp. 3–5. Its original buildings were completed by 1108 atop the ''Liebfrauenberg'' (Mountain of the Virgin). It lay on allodial property a few miles north of Hohenstaufen Castle on the other side of the river Rems (river), Rems. It at first served as a private church of the Staufer dynasty. In 1136, it was donated to the papacy and ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2022-07-06 Luftbild Lorch Kloster
The symbol , known in Unicode as hyphen-minus, is the form of hyphen most commonly used in digital documents. On most keyboards, it is the only character that resembles a minus sign or a dash, so it is also used for these. The name ''hyphen-minus'' derives from the original ASCII standard, where it was called ''hyphen (minus)''. The character is referred to as a ''hyphen'', a ''minus sign'', or a ''dash'' according to the context where it is being used. Description In early typewriters and character encodings, a single key/code was almost always used for hyphen, minus, various dashes, and strikethrough, since they all have a similar appearance. The current Unicode Standard specifies distinct characters for several different dashes, an unambiguous minus sign (sometimes called the ''Unicode minus'') at code point U+2212, an unambiguous hyphen (sometimes called the ''Unicode hyphen'') at U+2010, the hyphen-minus at U+002D and a Hyphen#Unicode, variety of other hyphen symbols for v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conradin
Conrad III (25 March 1252 – 29 October 1268), called ''the Younger'' or ''the Boy'', but usually known by the diminutive Conradin (, ), was the last direct heir of the House of Hohenstaufen. He was Duke of Swabia (1254–1268) and nominal King of Jerusalem (1254–1268) and King of Sicily, Sicily (1254–1258). After Battle of Tagliacozzo, his attempt to reclaim the Kingdom of Sicily for the Hohenstaufen dynasty failed, he was captured and beheaded. Early childhood Conradin was born in Landshut, Wolfstein, Bavaria, to Conrad IV of Germany and Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany, Elisabeth of Bavaria. Though he never succeeded his father as King of the Romans, Roman-German king, he was recognized as king of Sicily and Jerusalem by supporters of the Hohenstaufens in 1254. Having lost his father in 1254, he grew up at the court of his uncle and guardian, Louis II, Duke of Bavaria. His guardians were able to hold Swabia for him. Jerusalem was held by a relative from the royal h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia (, ) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire, closing a calamitous period of European history that killed approximately eight million people. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, the kingdoms of France and Sweden, and their respective allies among the princes of the Holy Roman Empire, participated in the treaties.Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). ''Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015.'' McFarland. p. 40. . The negotiation process was lengthy and complex. Talks took place in two cities, because each side wanted to meet on territory under its own control. A total of 109 delegations arrived to represent the belligerent states, but not all delegations were present at the same time. Two treaties were signed to end the war in the Empi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Blaise Abbey, Black Forest
Saint Blaise Abbey () was a Benedictine monastery in the village of St. Blasien in the Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. History 9th–12th centuries The early history of the abbey is obscure. Its predecessor in the 9th century is supposed to have been a cell of Rheinau Abbey, known as ''cella alba'' (the "white cell"), but the line of development between that and the confirmed existence of St Blaise's Abbey in the 11th century is unclear. At some point the new foundation would have had to become independent of Rheinau, in which process the shadowy Reginbert of Seldenbüren (died about 962), traditionally named as the founder, may have played some role. The first definite abbot of St Blaise however was Werner I (1045?–1069). On 8 June 1065 the abbey received a grant of immunity from Emperor Henry IV, although it had connections to the family of the anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden. Between 1070 and 1073 there seem to have been contacts between St. Blaise and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine, or disease, while parts of Germany reported population declines of over 50%. Related conflicts include the Eighty Years' War, the War of the Mantuan Succession, the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659), Franco-Spanish War, the Torstenson War, the Dutch-Portuguese War, and the Portuguese Restoration War. The war had its origins in the 16th-century Reformation, which led to religious conflict within the Holy Roman Empire. The 1555 Peace of Augsburg attempted to resolve this by dividing the Empire into Catholic and Lutheran states, but the settlement was destabilised by the subsequent expansion of Protestantism beyond these boundaries. Combined with differences over the limits of imperial authority, religion was thus an important factor in star ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major Theology, theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church. Towards the end of the Renaissance, the Reformation marked the beginning of Protestantism. It is considered one of the events that signified the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period in Europe. The Reformation is usually dated from Martin Luther's publication of the ''Ninety-five Theses'' in 1517, which gave birth to Lutheranism. Prior to Martin Luther and other Protestant Reformers, there were Proto-Protestantism, earlier reform movements within Western Christianity. The end of the Reformation era is disputed among modern scholars. In general, the Reformers argued that justification (theology), justification was sola fide, based on faith in Jesus alone and n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Peasants' War
The German Peasants' War, Great Peasants' War or Great Peasants' Revolt () was a widespread popular revolt in some German-speaking areas in Central Europe from 1524 to 1525. It was Europe's largest and most widespread popular uprising before the French Revolution of 1789. The revolt failed because of intense opposition from the aristocracy, who slaughtered up to 100,000 of the 300,000 poorly armed peasants and farmers. The survivors were fined and achieved few, if any, of their goals. Like the preceding Bundschuh movement and the Hussite Wars, the war consisted of a series of both economic and religious revolts involving peasants and farmers, sometimes supported by radical clergy like Thomas Müntzer. The fighting was at its height in the middle of 1525. The war began with separate insurrections, beginning in the southwestern part of what is now Germany and Alsace, and spread in subsequent insurrections to the central and eastern areas of Germany and present-day Austria. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melk Reform
The Melk Reform () was a reform of monastic life begun at Melk Abbey in 1418 that spread throughout the Benedictine and Augustinian houses of the Duchy of Austria and other parts of southern Germany following the Council of Constance.Tom Gaens"Water with the Wine: Henry of Coesfeld as a Defining Theologian of Melker Reform Thought" in M. Niederkorn-Bruck and G. Glassner (eds.), ''600 Jahre Melker Reform (1418–2018)'', Thesaurus Mellicensis 6 (Melk, 2022), pp. 126–144.. Published online 25 March 2016, retrieved 1 January 2025. It was part of the wider Observant movement.James D. Mixson, ''Poverty's Proprietors: Ownership and Mortal Sin at the Origins of the Observant Movement'' (Brill, 2009), pp. 139ff. On 17 January 1418, Pope Martin V, acting upon the request of Duke Albert V of Austria, granted Abbot of Rein Abbey and Prior Leonhard Petraer of Gaming Charterhouse the right of canonical visitation to all Benedictine and Augustinian foundations in Duke Albert's lands. In J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabina Of Bavaria, Duchess Of Württemberg
Sabina of Bavaria-Munich (24 April 1492 – 30 August 1564) was Duchess consort of Württemberg by marriage to Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg. Biography Family Sabina was the daughter of Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria and his wife Kunigunde of Austria, daughter of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal. Duchess consort Sabina was promised at the age of six years for strategic reasons by her uncle, King Maximilian I, to Ulrich of Württemberg to whom she was married 15 years later. This marriage was unhappy because of Ulrich's tendency to violence, so that Sabina was ultimately forced to flee from Württemberg without her two children and seek shelter with her brothers in Munich. When, in 1551, her son, Christoph, inherited the throne of Württemberg, Sabina moved to Nürtingen, which was then the official widow's residence of the Württembergs. There she led a small court and being an educated woman turned it into a meeting place for Württemberg's Protesta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulrich, Duke Of Württemberg
Duke Ulrich of Württemberg (8 February 14876 November 1550) succeeded his kinsman Eberhard II as Duke of Württemberg in 1498. He was declared of age in 1503. His volatile personality made him infamous, being called the "Swabian Henry VIII" by historians. Early life Duke Ulrich was born 8 February 1487 and his mother died in his birth. His father, Henry, Count of Württemberg, was mentally deranged, likely as a result of his three-year imprisonment by Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy, was banished to Hohenurach Castle in the County of Urach, and his only guardian died when he was nine years of age. Ulrich served the German king, Maximilian I, in the War of the Succession of Landshut in 1504, receiving some additions to Württemberg as a reward; he accompanied Maximilian on his unfinished journey to Rome in 1508; and he marched with the imperial army into France in 1513. Meanwhile, in Württemberg Ulrich had become very unpopular. His extravagance had led to a large acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choirbook
A choirbook is a large format manuscript used by choirs in churches or cathedrals during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. The book is large enough for the entire choir to read from one book and may contain either monophonic gregorian chant or polyphony, with voice parts laid out individually across an opening's facing pages. Choirbooks were generally put on a stand with the smaller boy sopranos in front and the men in back. As the printing of music became easier and paper replaced vellum, choirbooks fell out of favour, replaced by smaller, cheaper, and easier to handle partbooks and octavos. A kind of choirbook format is still prevalent in music for piano four hands. A choirbook was a major investment. Many of them were stark and utilitarian and show signs of heavy and constant use. At larger cathedrals, choirbooks were sometimes lavishly decorated and illuminated. Since they represent an important expense, they were rarely owned by single people, but rather by families or insti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illuminated Manuscript
An illuminated manuscript is a formally prepared manuscript, document where the text is decorated with flourishes such as marginalia, borders and Miniature (illuminated manuscript), miniature illustrations. Often used in the Roman Catholic Church for prayers and liturgical books such as psalters and courtly literature, the practice continued into secular texts from the 13th century onward and typically include proclamations, enrolled bills, laws, charters, inventories, and deeds. The earliest surviving illuminated manuscripts are a small number from late antiquity, and date from between 400 and 600 CE. Examples include the Vergilius Romanus, Vergilius Vaticanus, and the Rossano Gospels. The majority of extant manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many survive from the Renaissance. While Islamic manuscripts can also be called illuminated and use essentially the same techniques, comparable Far Eastern and Mesoamerican works are described as ''painted''. Most manuscripts, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
