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List Of Endangered Languages In Nepal
An endangered is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes a language that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct. UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct": * Vulnerable * Definitely endangered * Severely endangered * Critically endangered The languages listed below are endangered in Nepal, although they may be vibrant in other countries. References {{Reflist Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is ma ... Nepal-related lists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endangered Language
An endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a " dead language". If no one can speak the language at all, it becomes an " extinct language". A dead language may still be studied through recordings or writings, but it is still dead or extinct unless there are fluent speakers. Although languages have always become extinct throughout human history, they are currently dying at an accelerated rate because of globalization, imperialism, neocolonialism and linguicide (language killing). Language shift most commonly occurs when speakers switch to a language associated with social or economic power or spoken more widely, the ultimate result being language death. The general consensus is that there are between 6,000 and 7,000 languages currently spoken. Some linguists estimate that between 50% and 90% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhimal Language
Dhimal is a Sino-Tibetan language of Nepal spoken by about 20,000 people spoken in the Terai of Province No. 1. There is an eastern and western dialect, which are separated by the Kankai River. Most people transcribe Dhimal into Devanagari and there are standard conventions for extra phonological distinctions. Distribution and status Dhimal is spoken in the southern Terai of eastern Nepal, specifically in the districts of Morang, Jhapa and Sunsari. In the region the Dhimal make up slightly more than 1% of the population. The eastern and western dialects are separated by the Kankai River in Jhapa District. The main areas of concentration for the western dialect is between the towns of Belbari and Damak, while the eastern dialect is concentrated along the Mechi River bordering India. Until the early 20th century, the Terai was considered a hostile environment for non-indigenous peoples and the Dhimal were thus left undisturbed. With the mass migration of hill people to the Te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kham Language
Magar Kham (मगर खाम), also known as ''Kham'', ''Kham Magar'', and ''Khamkura'', is the Sino-Tibetan language variety of the Northern Magar people of Nepal. The language is situated in the upper elevations of Baglung, East Rukum, and Rolpa districts. Based on census data taken in 2011, the total population of Magar Kham is estimated to be about 69,000 speakers.Central Bureau of Statistics. (2014). National population and housing census 2011. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal. Language classification Magar Kham is a Sino-Tibetan language, and it is classified by David Bradley as “Central Himalayan,” and as being related to Magar and Chepang and more distantly related to the Kiranti languages. George van Driem also classifies Magar Kham as “Para-Kiranti,” emphasizing that Magar Kham, Magar, and Chepang are united more by their differences from the Kiranti cluster than by their similarity to one another. Within this cluster, Magar Kham possesses a numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khaling Language
Khaling (kʰɛ̂l brâː ख्या:ल् ब्रा:) is a Kiranti language spoken in Solukhumbu district, Nepal and Sikkim, Darjeeling, and Kalimpong in India. It is one of the few Kiranti languages with tonal contrasts, which are of secondary origin. Khaling has approximately 15,000 speakers and is therefore considered a vulnerable language. Khaling has a complex system of stem alternations: as many as 10 distinct stems have to be posited for a word (Jacques et al. 2012). Khaling is very unusual in having an auditory demonstrative (see Jacques and Lahaussois 2014). Khaling is also known as Rai, Khalinge Rai, Khael Bra, and Khael Baat. General information Khaling is still being acquired by children who live in Khaling-speaking areas, as well as non-Khaling children who happen to live in that area. Geographical distribution Khaling is spoken in the following VDC's of Nepal ('' Ethnologue''). *Solukhumbu District, Province No. 1: Kanku, Basa, Waku, Buksa, Jubing, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaike Language
Magar Kaike is a Sino-Tibetan language of Nepal. ''Ethnologue'' classifies it as a West Bodish language. Kaike is spoken in Shahartara, Tupatara, Tarakot, and Belawa villages of Sahartara VDC, Dolpa District, Karnali Province, Nepal ('' Ethnologue''). Honda (2008) notes that Kaike shares many words with Tamangic, but is not part of Tamangic proper. It is also in contact with Tichurong, a divergent Tibetic The Tibetic languages form a well-defined group of languages descended from Old Tibetan (7th to 9th centuries).Tournadre, Nicolas. 2014. "The Tibetic languages and their classification." In ''Trans-Himalayan linguistics, historical and descriptiv ... lect spoken near the Kaike-speaking areas.Honda, Isao. 2018Preliminary report on Tichyurong Tibetan (Dolpa, Nepal) ''Proceedings of the 51st International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics (2018)''. Kyoto: Kyoto University. Lexicon Honda (2008) lists the following Kaike words. References Languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kagate Language
Kagate or Syuba is a language from the subgroup of Tibetic languagesN. Tournadre (2005) "L'aire linguistique tibétaine et ses divers dialectes." ''Lalies'', 2005, n°25, p. 7–5/ref> spoken by the Kagate people primarily in the Ramechhap District, Ramechhap district of Nepal. Language name ''Kagate'' is an exonym. It is the Nepali word for the occupation of 'papermaker', reflecting an earlier occupation of the community. This is the name under which the language was documented in Grierson's 1909 linguistic survey of India, and by which it is classified in the ISO 639-3 code. Speakers now prefer the endonym ''Syuba,'' which also refers to the occupation of papermaker. This name is mentioned in documentation literature from the 1970s, and speakers are now using this form more actively, see as an example the Syuba-Nepali-English dictionary. History Kagate speakers migrated from the Yolmo area of Helambu around 100–200 years ago. This was likely the result of po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jirel Language
Jirel is a Southern Tibetic language of Nepal. It is spoken in Jiri, in Tshetrapa village, Jungu village, and Cheppu village of Dolakha District and Sindhupalchok and different parts of Nepal. It has long been in discussion that the Jirels are the Kirats as other Tibeto-Burmans. But further research is required to prove that they come from Kirats. Very weak literature without evidence is presented by some authors until now claiming that they are the Kirats. They have claimed that they are animists so they are Kirats. They adopted some cultural and religious practice from Sunuwars and Sherpas when they began to live and share with them. The language they use is the most powerful evidence that they come from a Tibetan ethnic tribe. Their physical appearance and family name are also supporting evidence for Tibetan origin. They mainly practice Buddhism. Lamas are their priests. They also have Shamans who are called Phombo, which is derived from the word, Boo, the Tibetan Tantric p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerung Language
Jerung or Jero is a moribund Kiranti language spoken in Nepal. The native language consultants whom Opgenort (2005) consulted, preferred the term ‘Jero’ to designate the language. The term ‘Jerung’, by contrast, is a toponym used in the names of several villages within the language area as well as the name of a village in the Wambule-speaking area. The Jerung language is mutually intelligible with Wambule. Jerung is spoken by more than 2,000 people living in Okhalḍhuṅgā and Sindhulī districts of eastern Nepal. Gerd Hanßon (1991) claims that there are three to four dialects of Jerung: Madhavpur, Balkhu-Sisneri, and Ratnawati (Sindhuli). However, according to Opgenort's (2005) consultants, there are only two major dialects: a northern dialect, which is spoken in Okhaldhunga District (ओखलढुङ्गा), and a southern dialect, which is spoken in Sindhuli District (सिनधुली). Geographical distribution Jerung is spoken in the following locations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vayu Language
Vayu (वायु), Wayu or Hayu (हायु) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Nepal by about 1740 people in Province No. 3. Dialects include Pali gau (पालि गाउ) Mudajor Sukajor Ramechhap Sindhuli and Marin Khola. The Vayu language features SOV ordering. There are strong Nepali influences in its phonology, lexicon, and grammar. Its writing system uses the Devanagari script. There are no known monolingual speakers of the language, as its speaking population also uses Nepali. Despite a lack of monolingual children, use of Vayu has survived into the 21st century Phonology Geographical distribution Vayu is spoken in the following locations of Nepal. *Ramechhap District, Province No. 3: Mudajor and Sukajor villages *Sindhuli District Sindhuli District ( ne, सिन्धुली जिल्ला), a part of the Bagmati Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district, with Sindhulimad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manang Language
Manang, also called Manangba, Manange, Manang Ke, Nyishang, Nyishangte and Nyishangba, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Nepal. Native speakers refer to the language as ''ŋyeshaŋ'', meaning 'our language'.Kristine A. Hildebrant. 200"A Grammar and Dictionary of the Manange Language"in Tibeto-Burman Languages of Nepal: Manange and Sherpa, edited by Carol Genetti. 2-189. Canberra:Pacific Linguistics. It is one of half a dozen languages of the Sino-Tibetan family. Manang and its most closely related languages are often written as TGTM in literature, referring to Tamang, Gurung, Thakali, and Manangba, due to the high degree of similarity in the linguistic characteristics of the languages.Martine Mazaudon. 1978"Consonantal Mutation and Tonal Split in the Tamang Sub-Family of Tibeto-Burman."Kailash. 6:157-179. The language is unwritten and almost solely spoken within the Manang District, leading it to be classified as threatened, with the number of speakers continuing to decline ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gurung Language
Gurung (Devanagari: ), also known as Tamu Kyi (, ; Tibetan: ) or Tamu Bhaasaa (, ), is a language spoken by the Gurung people of Nepal. The total number of all Gurung speakers in Nepal was 227,918 in 1991 and 325,622 in 2011. The official language of Nepal, Nepali, is an Indo-European language, whereas Gurung is a Sino-Tibetan language. Gurung is one of the major languages of Nepal, and is also spoken in India, Bhutan, and by diaspora communities in countries such as Singapore and Hong Kong. Geographical distribution Gurung is spoken in the following districts of Nepal and India ('' Ethnologue''): *Gandaki Province: Kaski District, Syangja District, Lamjung District, Tanahu District, Gorkha District, Manang District and Mustang * Dhawalagiri Zone: Parbat district *Sikkim: South Sikkim, West Sikkim, East Sikkim Classification At higher levels, Gurung is a member of the Tibeto-Burman (or Trans-Himalayan) family. Robert Shafer classified Gurung within the Bodic division, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghale Language
Ghale is a Tibeto-Burman language of Nepal. It belongs to the group of Ghale languages. The dialects of Ghale have limited intelligibility: (south) Barpak, Kyaura, Laprak, (north) Khorla, Uiya, Jagat, Philim, Nyak Dialects '' Ethnologue'' divides Ghale into the Northern and Southern varieties. *Northern Ghale (4,440 speakers as of 2006) is spoken in Buri Gandaki valley in Gorkha District, Gandaki Zone. Dialects are Khorla, Uiya, Jagat, Philim, and Nyak. *Southern Ghale (21,500 speakers as of 2006) is spoken in the hills south of Macha Khola in Gorkha District, Gandaki Zone Gandaki zone ( ne, गण्डकी अञ्चल was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, located in the Western Development Region. It was named as Sapta Gandaki after the seven tributaries (Kali Gandaki, Trishuli, Budhi Gandaki, Marsyang .... Dialects are Barpak, Kyaura, and Laprak. References Tamangic languages Languages of Nepal {{SinoTibetan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
