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List Of Etruscan Mythological Figures
This is a list of deities and legendary figures found in Etruscan mythology. The names below were taken mainly from Etruscan "picture bilinguals", which are Etruscan call-outs on art depicting mythological scenes or motifs. Several different media provide names. Variants of the names are given, reflecting differences in language in different localities and times. Many of the names are Etruscan spellings (and pronunciations) of Greek names. The themes may or may not be entirely Greek. Etruscans frequently added their own themes to Greek myths. The same may be said of native Italic names rendered into Etruscan. Some names are entirely Etruscan, which is often a topic of debate in the international forum of scholarship. Deities Deified mortals Spirits, demons, and other creatures Places Mortals See also * Etruscan mythology * List of Etruscan names for Greek heroes * ''Interpretatio graeca'' Notes References * * * Translated by Wendy Doniger, Gerald Honigsblum. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etruscan Mythology
Etruscan religion comprises a set of stories, beliefs, and religious practices of the Etruscan civilization, heavily influenced by the mythology of ancient Greece, and sharing similarities with concurrent Roman mythology and religion. As the Etruscan civilization was gradually assimilated into the Roman Republic from the 4th century BC, the Etruscan religion and mythology were partially incorporated into ancient Roman culture, following the Roman tendency to absorb some of the local gods and customs of conquered lands. The first attestations of an Etruscan religion can be traced back to the Villanovan culture. History Greek influence Greek traders brought their religion and hero figures with them to the coastal areas of the central Mediterranean. Odysseus, Menelaus and Diomedes from the Homeric tradition were recast in tales of the distant past that had them roaming the lands West of Greece. In Greek tradition, Heracles wandered these western areas, doing away with monst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turan (mythology)
Turan was the Etruscan religion, Etruscan goddess of love, fertility and vitality and patroness of the city of Volci, Velch. Depiction In art, Turan was usually depicted as a young winged girl. Turan appears in toilette scenes of Etruscan bronze mirrors. She is richly robed and jeweled in early and late depictions, but appears nude under the influence of Hellenistic art in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE. She is paired with her young lover Atunis (Adonis) and figures in the episode of the Judgement of Paris. Attributes Turan was commonly associated with birds such as the dove, goose and above all the swan, ''Tusna'', "the swan of Turan". Her retinue were called Lares, Lasas. Turan may be quite ancient but does not appear on the Piacenza list nor in Martianus list of Etruscan deities. The Etruscan month of July was named after her, although we only know the Latin word for it, ''Traneus''. Etymology Turan was seen as the equivalent to Roman mythology, the Roman Venus (goddess), Ven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culsans
Culsans (Culśanś) is an Etruscan deity, known from four inscriptions and a variety of iconographical material which includes coins, statuettes, and a sarcophagus. Culśanś is usually rendered as a male deity with two faces and at least two statuettes depicting him have been found in close association with city gates. These characteristics suggest that he was a protector of gateways, who could watch over the gate with two pairs of eyes. Many scholars recognize the deity Janus as a Roman equivalent to Culśanś because he is also rendered as a '' bifrōns'' (two-faced god) and his divine realm also includes the protection of doorways and gates. Building on this idea, some scholars have proposed that the name Culśanś may contain an etymological root meaning “door” in Etruscan, just as Janus’s name comes from the Latin word for door, ianua. The Etruscan goddess , whose name shares the same etymological root as Culśanś, is also associated with gateways, though in her case, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umbrian
Umbrian is an extinct Italic language formerly spoken by the Umbri in the ancient Italian region of Umbria. Within the Italic languages it is closely related to the Oscan group and is therefore associated with it in the group of Osco-Umbrian languages, a term generally replaced by Sabellic in modern scholarship. Since that classification was first formulated, a number of other languages in ancient Italy were discovered to be more closely related to Umbrian. Therefore, a group, the Umbrian languages, was devised to contain them. Corpus Umbrian is known from about 30 inscriptions dated from the 7th through 1st centuries BC. The largest cache by far is the Iguvine Tablets, sevenThe tradition born in the 17th century that the tablets were originally nine, and that two, sent to Venice, never came back, must be considered spurious. Paolucci (1966), p. 44 inscribed bronze tablets found in 1444 near the village of Scheggia or, according to another tradition, in an underground c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liber Linteus
The (Latin language, Latin for "Linen Book of Zagreb", also known rarely as , "Book of Agram (Croatia), Agram") is the longest Etruscan language, Etruscan text and the only extant linen book (libri lintei), dated to the 3rd century BC, making it arguably the oldest extant European book. (The second longest Etruscan text, Tabula Capuana, also seems to be a ritual calendar.) Much of it is untranslated because of the lack of knowledge about the Etruscan language, though the words and phrases which can be understood indicate that the text is most likely a ritual calendar. Miles Beckwith (2008) states with regard to this text that "in the last thirty or forty years, our understanding of Etruscan has increased substantially," and L. Bouke van der Meer, L. B. van der Meer has published a word-by-word analysis of the entire text. The fabric of the book was preserved when it was used for mummy wrappings in Ptolemaic Egypt. The mummy was bought in Alexandria in 1848 and since 1867 both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaia (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Gaia (; , a poetic form of ('), meaning 'land' or 'earth'),, , . also spelled Gaea (), is the personification of Earth. Gaia is the ancestral mother—sometimes parthenogenic—of all life. She is the mother of Uranus (Sky), with whom she conceived the Titans (themselves parents of many of the Olympian gods), the Cyclopes, and the Giants, as well as of Pontus (Sea), from whose union she bore the primordial sea gods. Her equivalent in the Roman pantheon was Terra.''Larousse Desk Reference Encyclopedia'', The Book People, Haydock, 1995, p. 215. Etymology The Greek name (''Gaia'' or ) is a mostly epic, collateral form of Attic (''Gē'' ), and Doric (''Ga'' ), perhaps identical to (''Da'' ), both meaning "Earth". Some scholars believe that the word is of uncertain origin. Beekes suggested a probable Pre-Greek origin. Robert S. P. Beekes, ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, pp. 269–270 (''s.v.'' "γῆ"). M.L. West derives the n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cel (goddess)
Cel was the Etruscan goddess of the earth. On the Etruscan calendar, the month of ''Celi'' (September) is likely named for her. Her Greek counterpart is Gaia and her Roman is Tellus. In Etruscan mythology, Cel was the mother of the Giants. A bronze mirror from the 5th century BC depicts a theomachy in which Celsclan, "son of Cel," is a Giant attacked by Laran, the god of war. In Greek, "giant" comes from a word meaning "born from Gaia". Another mirror depicts anguiped Giants in the company of a goddess, possibly Cel, whose lower body is formed of vegetation. In a sanctuary near Lake Trasimeno were found five votive bronze statuettes, some male and some female, dedicated to her as ''Cel Ati'', "Mother Cel". The inscription on each reads "I elong to, have been givento Cel the mother, here n this sanctuary"Giuliano Bonfante and Larissa Bonfante, ''The Etruscan Language: An Introduction'' (New York University Press, 2002, revised edition), p. 166. Cel appears on the Live ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catha (mythology)
Catha (, also written , , or ) is a female Etruscan lunar or solar deity, who may also be connected to childbirth, and has a connection to the underworld. Catha is also the goddess of the south sanctuary at Pyrgi, Italy. She is known as Leucothea in ancient Greek. She is often seen with the Etruscan god Śuri with whom she shares a cult. Catha is also frequently paired with the Etruscan god Fufluns, who is the counterpart to the Greek god Dionysus, and Pacha, the counterpart to the Roman god Bacchus. Additionally, at Pyrgi, Catha is linked with the god Aplu, the counterpart to the Greek god Apollo. Aplu may have even taken some of the characteristics of Catha when he was brought into the Etruscan religion. Giovanni Colonna has suggested that Catha is linked to the Greek Persephone since he links Catha's consort, Śuri, to Dis Pater in Roman mythology. Inscriptions The bulk of information regarding Catha comes mostly from inscriptions on Etruscan artifacts. One example tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selvans
In Etruscan mythology and religion, Selvans is god of the woodlands and boundaries, including sacred boundaries. He is possibly cognate with Roman Silvanus. As the god of boundaries, he is known by the epithet ''tularias'' as stated by a dedication of a statue to the god. His name is 10th on the list of 16 gods on the outer rim of the Piacenza Liver (a bronze model of a sheep’s liver used as a reference or teaching tool for divination). Votive inscriptions from the liver show that he was a popular god in Etruria. Only one certain representation of Selvans has been found, alongside a statue of Culśanś. He is portrayed as a naked youth wearing a cap made of a bear’s hide and high boots. This contrasts from the Roman Silvanus, who is usually shown as a bearded man. See also * Etruscan civilization *Etruscan religion Etruscan religion comprises a set of stories, beliefs, and religious practices of the Etruscan civilization, heavily influenced by the mytholog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tinia
Tinia (also Tin, Tinh, Tins or Tina) was the sky god and the highest deity in Etruscan religion, equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus. However, a primary source from the Roman Varro states that Veltha, not Tins, was the supreme deity of the Etruscans. This has led some scholars to conclude that they were assimilated, but this is speculation. Tinia was the husband of Uni and the father of Hercle. Like many other Etruscan deities, his name is gender neutral. The Etruscans had a group of nine gods who had the power of hurling thunderbolts; they were called '' Novensiles'' by the Romans. Of thunderbolts there were eleven sorts, of which Tinia wielded three. Tinia was sometimes represented with a beard or sometimes as youthful and beardless. In terms of symbolism, Tinia has the thunderbolt. Tinia's thunderbolts could be red or blood coloured. Like Selvans and possibly Laran,Konstantinos I. Soueref; Ariadni Gartziou-Tatti (2019). Gods of Peace and War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calu
Calu () is an epithet of the Etruscan chthonic fire god Śuri as god of the underworld, roughly equivalent to the Greek god Hades (; ); moreover, as with Hades, this god-name was also used as a synonym for the underworld itself. He is identified by his wolf attributes, such as a wolf-like appearance or a human with a wolf-skin cap. The visual representations of the cult of Calu seem to contain common elements with the Roman cult of Lupercalia Lupercalia, also known as Lupercal, was a pastoral festival of Ancient Rome observed annually on February 15 to purify the city, promoting health and fertility. Lupercalia was also known as ''dies Februatus'', after the purification instruments ... and the Faliscan cult of the Hirpi Sorani ("wolves of Soranus", from ). References Bibliography * ** ** ** ** * * * * * External links * Etruscan religion Wolves in folklore, religion and mythology Etruscan gods Underworld gods Epithets of Śuri {{paganism-stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
