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Lesser Sciatic Notch
Below the ischial spine is a small notch, the lesser sciatic notch; it is smooth, coated in the recent state with cartilage, the surface of which presents two or three ridges corresponding to the subdivisions of the tendon of the obturator internus, which winds over it. It is converted into a foramen, the lesser sciatic foramen, by the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, and transmits the tendon of the obturator internus, the nerve which supplies that muscle, and the internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve. See also * Lesser sciatic foramen The lesser sciatic foramen is an opening (foramen) between the pelvis and the back of the thigh. The foramen is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial tuberosity and the sacrospinous ligament which runs ... * Greater sciatic notch References {{Authority control Bones of the pelvis Ischium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Hip Bone
The hip bone (os coxae, innominate bone, pelvic bone or coxal bone) is a large flat bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below. In some vertebrates (including humans before puberty) it is composed of three parts: the Ilium (bone), ilium, ischium, and the Pubis (bone), pubis. The two hip bones join at the pubic symphysis and together with the sacrum and coccyx (the pelvic part of the vertebral column, spine) comprise the human skeleton, skeletal component of the pelvis – the pelvic girdle which surrounds the pelvic cavity. They are connected to the sacrum, which is part of the axial skeleton, at the sacroiliac joint. Each hip bone is connected to the corresponding femur (thigh bone) (forming the primary connection between the bones of the lower limb and the axial skeleton) through the large ball and socket joint of the hip joint, hip. Structure The hip bone is formed by three parts: the Ilium (bone), ilium, ischium, and Pubis (bone), pubis. At birth, these thre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Greater Sciatic Notch
The greater sciatic notch is a notch in the ilium, one of the bones that make up the human pelvis. It lies between the posterior inferior iliac spine (above), and the ischial spine (below). The sacrospinous ligament changes this notch into an opening, the greater sciatic foramen. The notch holds the piriformis, the superior gluteal vein and artery, and the superior gluteal nerve; the inferior gluteal vein and artery and the inferior gluteal nerve; the sciatic and posterior femoral cutaneous nerves; the internal pudendal artery and veins, and the nerves to the internal obturator and quadratus femoris muscles. Of these, the superior gluteal vessels and nerve pass out above the piriformis, and the other structures below it. The greater sciatic notch is wider in females (about 74.4 degrees on average) than in males (about 50.4 degrees). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Spine Of Ischium
The ischial spine is part of the posterior border of the body of the ischium bone of the pelvis. It is a thin and pointed triangular eminence, more or less elongated in different subjects. Structure The pudendal nerve travels close to the ischial spine. Clinical significance The ischial spine can serve as a landmark in pudendal anesthesia, as the pudendal nerve The pudendal nerve is the main nerve of the perineum. It is a Mixed nerve, mixed (motor and sensory) nerve and also conveys Sympathetic nervous system, sympathetic Autonomic nervous system, autonomic fibers. It carries sensation from the exter ... lies close to the ischial spine. Additional images File:Sciatic notches.png, Right hip bone, external surface, showing the greater and lesser sciatic notches, separated by the ischial spine File:Gray319.png, Articulations of pelvis. Anterior view. File:Slide3ADA.JPG, Pelvis. Anterior view. File:Ischial spine - animation02-1.gif, Animation showing the ischial spine (highl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Pudendal Nerve
The pudendal nerve is the main nerve of the perineum. It is a Mixed nerve, mixed (motor and sensory) nerve and also conveys Sympathetic nervous system, sympathetic Autonomic nervous system, autonomic fibers. It carries sensation from the external genitalia of both sexes and the skin around the Human anus, anus and perineum, as well as the Motor neuron, motor supply to various pelvic muscles, including the external sphincter muscle of male urethra, male or external sphincter muscle of female urethra, female external urethral sphincter and the external anal sphincter. If damaged, most commonly by childbirth, loss of sensation or fecal incontinence may result. The nerve may be temporarily anesthetized, called pudendal anesthesia or pudendal block. The pudendal canal that carries the pudendal nerve is also known by the eponymous term "Alcock's canal", after Benjamin Alcock, an Irish anatomist who documented the canal in 1836. Structure Origin The pudendal nerve is paired, me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Ischial Spine
The ischial spine is part of the posterior border of the body of the ischium bone of the pelvis. It is a thin and pointed triangular eminence, more or less elongated in different subjects. Structure The pudendal nerve travels close to the ischial spine. Clinical significance The ischial spine can serve as a landmark in pudendal anesthesia, as the pudendal nerve The pudendal nerve is the main nerve of the perineum. It is a Mixed nerve, mixed (motor and sensory) nerve and also conveys Sympathetic nervous system, sympathetic Autonomic nervous system, autonomic fibers. It carries sensation from the exter ... lies close to the ischial spine. Additional images File:Sciatic notches.png, Right hip bone, external surface, showing the greater and lesser sciatic notches, separated by the ischial spine File:Gray319.png, Articulations of pelvis. Anterior view. File:Slide3ADA.JPG, Pelvis. Anterior view. File:Ischial spine - animation02-1.gif, Animation showing the ischial spine (highl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Obturator Internus
The internal obturator muscle or obturator internus muscle originates on the medial surface of the obturator membrane, the ischium near the membrane, and the rim of the pubis (bone), pubis. It exits the pelvis, pelvic cavity through the lesser sciatic foramen. The internal obturator is situated partly within the lesser pelvis, and partly at the back of the hip-joint. It functions to help laterally rotate femur with hip extension and abduct femur with hip flexion, as well as to steady the femoral head in the acetabulum. Structure Origin The internal obturator muscle arises from the inner surface of the antero-lateral wall of the pelvis. It surrounds the obturator foramen. It is attached to the inferior pubic ramus and ischium, and at the side to the inner surface of the hip bone below and behind the pelvic brim. It reaches from the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen above and behind to the obturator foramen below and in front. It also arises from the pelvic surface of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Lesser Sciatic Foramen
The lesser sciatic foramen is an opening (foramen) between the pelvis and the back of the thigh. The foramen is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial tuberosity and the sacrospinous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial spine. Structure The lesser sciatic foramen has the following boundaries: * Anterior: the tuberosity of the ischium * Superior: the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament * Posterior: the sacrotuberous ligament Alternatively, the foramen can be defined by the boundaries of the lesser sciatic notch and the two ligaments. Function The following pass through the foramen: * the tendon of the obturator internus * internal pudendal vessels * pudendal nerve * nerve to the obturator internus See also *Greater sciatic foramen The greater sciatic foramen is an opening (:wikt:foramen, foramen) in the posterior human pelvis. It is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament, sacrotuberous and sacrospino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Sacrotuberous
The sacrotuberous ligament (great or posterior sacrosciatic ligament) is situated at the lower and back part of the pelvis. It is flat, and triangular in form; narrower in the middle than at the ends. Structure It runs from the sacrum (the lower transverse sacral tubercles, the inferior margins sacrum and the upper coccyx) to the tuberosity of the ischium. It is a remnant of part of biceps femoris muscle. The sacrotuberous ligament is attached by its broad base to the posterior superior iliac spine, the posterior sacroiliac ligaments (with which it is partly blended), to the lower transverse sacral tubercles and the lateral margins of the lower sacrum and upper coccyx. Its oblique fibres descend laterally, converging to form a thick, narrow band that widens again below and is attached to the medial margin of the ischial tuberosity. It then spreads along the ischial ramus as the falciform process, whose concave edge blends with the fascial sheath of the internal pudendal vessels an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Sacrospinous Ligament
The sacrospinous ligament (small or anterior sacrosciatic ligament) is a thin, triangular ligament in the human pelvis. The base of the ligament is attached to the outer edge of the sacrum and coccyx, and the tip of the ligament attaches to the ischial spine, spine of the ischium, a bony protuberance on the human pelvis. Its fibres are intermingled with the sacrotuberous ligament. Structure The sacrotuberous ligament passes behind the sacrospinous ligament. In its entire length, the sacrospinous ligament covers the equally triangular coccygeus muscle, to which its closely connected.Gray's Anatomy 1918 Function The presence of the ligament in the greater sciatic notch creates an opening (:wikt:foramen, foramen), the greater sciatic foramen, and also converts the lesser sciatic notch into the lesser sciatic foramen.Platzer (2004), p 188 The greater sciatic foramen lies above the ligament, and the lesser sciatic foramen lies below it. The pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve, nerv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Tendon
A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue, dense fibrous connective tissue that connects skeletal muscle, muscle to bone. It sends the mechanical forces of muscle contraction to the skeletal system, while withstanding tension (physics), tension. Tendons, like ligaments, are made of collagen. The difference is that ligaments connect bone to bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone. There are about 4,000 tendons in the adult human body. Structure A tendon is made of dense regular connective tissue, whose main cellular components are special fibroblasts called tendon cells (tenocytes). Tendon cells synthesize the tendon's extracellular matrix, which abounds with densely-packed collagen fibers. The collagen fibers run parallel to each other and are grouped into fascicles. Each fascicle is bound by an endotendineum, which is a delicate loose connective tissue containing thin collagen fibrils and elastic fibers. A set of fascicles is bound by an epitenon, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Internal Pudendal (other)
Internal pudendal may refer to: * Internal pudendal artery The internal pudendal artery is one of the three pudendal arteries. It branches off the internal iliac artery, and provides blood to the external genitalia. Structure The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk ... * Internal pudendal veins {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Lesser Sciatic Foramen
The lesser sciatic foramen is an opening (foramen) between the pelvis and the back of the thigh. The foramen is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial tuberosity and the sacrospinous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial spine. Structure The lesser sciatic foramen has the following boundaries: * Anterior: the tuberosity of the ischium * Superior: the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament * Posterior: the sacrotuberous ligament Alternatively, the foramen can be defined by the boundaries of the lesser sciatic notch and the two ligaments. Function The following pass through the foramen: * the tendon of the obturator internus * internal pudendal vessels * pudendal nerve * nerve to the obturator internus See also *Greater sciatic foramen The greater sciatic foramen is an opening (:wikt:foramen, foramen) in the posterior human pelvis. It is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament, sacrotuberous and sacrospino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |