Leptines

	Leptines Leptines ( grc-gre, Λεπτίνης) was an Athenian orator. He is known as the proposer of a law that no Athenian, whether citizen or resident alien (with the sole exception of the descendants of Harmodius and Aristogeiton), should be exempt from the public charges ('' leitourgiai'') for the state festivals. The object was to provide funds for the festivals and public spectacles at a time when both the treasury and the citizens generally were short of money. It was further asserted that many of the recipients of immunity were really unworthy of it. Against this law Demosthenes delivered (354 BC) his well-known speech " Against Leptines" in support of the proposal of Ctesippus that all the cases of immunity should be carefully investigated. Great stress is laid on the reputation for ingratitude and breach of faith which the abolition of immunities would bring upon the state. Besides, the law itself had been passed unconstitutionally, for an existing law confirmed these privil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Against Leptines "Against Leptines" was a speech given by Demosthenes in which he called for the repeal of a law sponsored by Leptines, which denied anyone a special exemption from paying public charges (''leitourgiai''). It was probably delivered in the year 355–54 BC. Unusually for Athenian law courts, though Demosthenes wrote the speech for Ctesippus, the son of Chabrias, he probably delivered it himself. It is thus the first speech which Demosthenes delivered in a public case. History This law had been proposed by a man named Leptines, so the speech came to be known as "Against Leptines". Although Dio Chrysostom (31.128-9) says that Demosthenes won the case, his account has been dismissed as inaccurate. West says that "we do not know the verdict". An inscription shows that Ctesippus, son of Chabrias (whose inheritable exemption Demosthenes was arguing to preserve), performed a liturgy that "is unlikely to have been voluntary," and there is no evidence of any grants of exemption after the tria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Leitourgiai The liturgy ( el, λειτουργία or λῃτουργία, leitourgia, from λαός / Laos, "the people" and the root / ergon, "work" ) was in ancient Greece a public service established by the city-state whereby its richest members (whether citizens or resident aliens), more or less voluntarily, financed the State with their personal wealth. It took its legitimacy from the idea that "personal wealth is possessed only through delegation from the city". The liturgical system dates back to the early days of Athenian democracy, but gradually fell into disuse by the end of the 4th century BC,Christ 1990, p. 148 eclipsed by the development of euergetism in the Hellenistic period. However, a similar system was in force during the Roman empire. Principles and types The liturgy was the preferred mode of financing of the Greek city, to the extent that it allowed them to easily associate each public expense with a ready source of revenue. This flexibility makes it particularly suited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]