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Larmanjat Guided Rail System
The Larmanjat guided rail system was a 19th-century French hybrid road-and-rail system. It sought to combine the benefits of the low friction of metal wheels running on a single metal rail with the improved tractive effort offered by wide side-wheels running on the road surface—only the side wheels were driven. Engineer presented the apparatus at the 1867 Exposition Universelle (1867), Universal Exhibition in Paris and in August 1868 he opened a demonstration line between Raincy and Montfermeil, Seine et Oise, to the east of Paris. The success of this line gained the attention of Portuguese diplomat the João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, 1st Duke of Saldanha, Duke of Saldanha for the construction of lines around Lisbon. He formed a company in London to build lines between Lisbon and Sintra, Cintra and Lisbon and Torres Vedras, but these were not successful and the company was declared bankrupt in 1875. In 1873 Larmanjat was authorised to install his track on a length of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balloon Loop
A balloon loop, turning loop, or reversing loop ( North American Terminology) allows a rail vehicle or train to reverse direction without having to shunt or stop. Balloon loops can be useful for passenger trains and unit freight trains. Balloon loops are common on tram and streetcar systems. Many streetcar and tram systems use single-ended vehicles that have doors on only one side and controls at only one end. These systems may also haul trailers with no controls in the rear car, and, as such, must be turned at each end of the route. History Balloon loops were first introduced on tram and, later, metro lines. They did not commonly appear on freight railways until the 1960s, when the modernising British Rail system introduced '' merry-go-round'' (MGR) coal trains that operated from mines to power stations and back again without shunting. Tramways On the former Sydney tram system, loops were used from 1881 until the second-generation system's closure in 1961. Initial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Share Capital
A corporation's share capital, commonly referred to as capital stock in the United States, is the portion of a corporation's equity that has been derived by the issue of shares in the corporation to a shareholder, usually for cash. ''Share capital'' may also denote the number and types of shares that compose a corporation's share structure. Definition In accounting, the share capital of a corporation is the nominal value of issued shares (that is, the sum of their par values, sometimes indicated on share certificates). If the allocation price of shares is greater than the par value, as in a rights issue, the shares are said to be sold at a premium (variously called share premium, additional paid-in capital or paid-in capital in excess of par). This equation shows the constituents that make up a company's real share capital: : \sum\text \times \text This is differentiated from share capital in the accounting sense, as it presents nominal share capital and does not take t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Murray (publishing House)
John Murray is a Scottish publisher, known for the authors it has published in its long history including Jane Austen, Arthur Conan Doyle, Lord Byron, Charles Lyell, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Herman Melville, Edward Whymper, Thomas Robert Malthus, David Ricardo, and Charles Darwin. Since 2004, it has been owned by conglomerate Lagardère Group, Lagardère under the Hachette Livre, Hachette UK brand. History The business was founded in London, England, in 1768 by John Murray (1737–1793), an Edinburgh-born Royal Marines officer, who built up a list of authors including Isaac D'Israeli and published the ''English Review (18th century), English Review''. John Murray the elder was one of the founding sponsors of the London evening newspaper ''The Star (1788), The Star'' in 1788. He was succeeded by his son John Murray II, who made the publishing house important and influential. He was a friend of many leading writers of the day and launched the ''Quarterly Review'' in 180 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lumiar
Lumiar () is a (civil parish) and typical Quarter (urban subdivision), quarter of Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal. Located in northern Lisbon, Lumiar is east of Carnide, north of Alvalade, west of Olivais, Lisbon, Olivais, and south of Santa Clara, Lisbon, Santa Clara and partially of Lisbon's border with Odivelas. The population in 2021 was 46,334. History Located now within the Municipalities of Portugal, municipality of Lisbon, it was established in the 13th century.The parish of Lumiar was established on April 2, 1266. In 1312, Denis of Portugal, King Denis (''D. Dinis'') divided the assets of the Count of Barcelos, allocating to his illegitimate son and the Count's son-in-law, Afonso Sanches, Lord of Albuquerque, D. Afonso Sanches, a country estate in Lumiar, which came to be known as the Palace of the Infant D. Afonso Sanches (''Paços do Infante D. Afonso Sanches''). During the reign of Afonso IV of Portugal, King Afonso IV, this noble residence became known as the Lum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trial Of The Lisbon Steam Tramway Carriage, At Buckhurst Hill
In law, a trial is a coming together of parties to a dispute, to present information (in the form of evidence) in a tribunal, a formal setting with the authority to adjudicate claims or disputes. One form of tribunal is a court. The tribunal, which may occur before a judge, jury, or other designated trier of fact, aims to achieve a resolution to their dispute. Types by finder of fact Where the trial is held before a group of members of the community, it is called a jury trial. Where the trial is held solely before a judge, it is called a bench trial. Hearings before administrative bodies may have many of the features of a trial before a court, but are typically not referred to as trials. An appeal (appellate proceeding) is also generally not deemed a trial, because such proceedings are usually restricted to a review of the evidence presented before the trial court, and do not permit the introduction of new evidence. Types by dispute Criminal A criminal trial is designed to re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N° 1 'Lisboa' Larmanjat Monorail Locomotive Designed By F H Trevithick And Built By Sharp, Stewart's In1872 For The Lisbon Tramways
The numero sign or numero symbol, (also represented as Nº, No̱, No., or no.), is a typographic abbreviation of the word ''number''(''s'') indicating ordinal numeration, especially in names and titles. For example, using the numero sign, the written long-form of the address "Number 29 Acacia Road" is shortened to "№ 29 Acacia Rd", yet both forms are spoken long. Typographically, the numero sign combines as a single ligature the uppercase Latin letter with a usually superscript lowercase letter , sometimes underlined, resembling the masculine ordinal indicator . The ligature has a code point in Unicode as a precomposed character, . The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' derives the numero sign from Latin , the ablative form of ("number", with the ablative denotations of "by the number, with the number"). In Romance languages, the numero sign is understood as an abbreviation of the word for "number", e.g. Italian , French , and Portuguese and Spanish . This article describes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moulins, Allier
Moulins (, ''Molins'' in Bourbonnais oïl dialect); is a commune in central France, capital of the Allier department. It is located on the river Allier. Among its many tourist attractions are the Maison Mantin, the Anne de Beaujeu Museum, and The National Center of Costume and Scenography. Geography Moulins is located on the banks of the river Allier. Moulins-sur-Allier station, in the centre of the town, has direct trains to Paris ( Gare de Bercy), which take about 2 hours 25 minutes. The A79 motorway passes south of the town. Montbeugny Airport is a small airport located near Moulins. History Before the French Revolution, Moulins was the capital of the province of Bourbonnais and the seat of the Dukes of Bourbon. It appears in documented records at least as far back as the year 990. In 1232, Archambaud VIII, Sire de Bourbon granted a franchise to the village's inhabitants. The town achieved greater prominence in 1327, when Charles IV elevated Louis I de Clerm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 January 1871, the conflict was caused primarily by France's determination to reassert its dominant position in continental Europe, which appeared in question following the decisive Austro-Prussian War, Prussian victory over Austria in 1866. According to some historians, Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck deliberately provoked the French into declaring war on Prussia in order to induce four independent southern German states—Grand Duchy of Baden, Baden, Kingdom of Württemberg, Württemberg, Kingdom of Bavaria, Bavaria and Grand Duchy of Hesse, Hesse-Darmstadt—to join the North German Confederation. Other historians contend that Bismarck exploited the circumstances as they unfolded. All agree that Bismarck recognized the potential for new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L'Illustration
''L'Illustration'' (; 1843–1944) was a French language, French illustrated weekly newspaper published in Paris. It was founded by Édouard Charton with the first issue published on 4 March 1843, it became the first illustrated newspaper in France then, after 1906, the first international illustrated magazine; distributed in 150 countries. History In 1891, ''L'Illustration'' became the first French newspaper to publish a photograph. Many of these photographs came from syndicated photo-press agencies like Charles Chusseau-Flaviens, Chusseau-Flaviens, but the publication also employed its own photographers such as Léon Gimpel and others. In 1907, ''L'Illustration'' was the first to publish a color photography, ''color'' photograph. It also published Gaston Leroux' novel ''Le mystère de la chambre jaune'' as a Serial (literature), serial a year before its 1908 release. ''La Petite Illustration'' was the name of the supplement to ''L'Illustration'' that published fiction, plays ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
