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Lands Of Overmaas
The Lands of Overmaas (; ) were a collection of lordships near Limburg in the Low Countries which were attached to the Duchy of Brabant and existed from the 13th to 18th centuries. Acquired by the Valois Dukes of Burgundy along with Brabant in the 15th century, they later passed to the House of Habsburg and were partitioned between the Habsburg Spanish Netherlands and the Dutch Republic in 1648. The Lands of Overmaas ceased to exist as lordships with the abolition of feudalism in 1795, following the annexation of the area by Revolutionary France. Etymology The territories' rulers, the Dukes of Brabant, called their possessions in the area ''De Landen van Overmaas'', meaning "the countries over the Meuse". This was because, from their perspective from their residence in Brussels, the area was on the "other side" (that is, the right bank) of the river Meuse (). History The Lands of Overmaas were a collection of small medieval lordships in the vicinity of Limburg, and located bet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Low Countries
The Low Countries (; ), historically also known as the Netherlands (), is a coastal lowland region in Northwestern Europe forming the lower Drainage basin, basin of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and consisting today of the three modern "Benelux" countries: Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (, which is singular). Geographically and historically, the area can also include parts of France (such as Nord (French department), Nord and Pas-de-Calais) and the Germany, German regions of East Frisia, Geldern, Guelders and Cleves. During the Middle Ages, the Low Countries were divided into numerous semi-independent principalities. Historically, the regions without access to the sea linked themselves politically and economically to those with access to form various unions of ports and hinterland, stretching inland as far as parts of the German Rhineland. Because of this, nowadays not only physically low-altitude areas, but also some hilly or elevated regions are considered part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herzogenrath
Herzogenrath (; ; ) is a municipality in the district of Aachen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It borders the Dutch town of Kerkrade, the national border in one section running along the middle of a main road and even directly through the centre of the cross-border Eurode office complex. History Herzogenrath began in the 11th century as a settlement called ''Rode'' near the river Wurm. In 1104, Augustinian monks founded an abbey, called ''Kloosterrade'', to the west of this settlement. It became s-Hertogenrode or s-Hertogenrade (Dutch: ''the Duke's Rode'') after the Duchy of Brabant took control of the region; in French it was called Rolduc (''Rode-le-Duc''). As is the case for many parts of Duchy of Brabant, Herzogenrath changed hands several times in the last few centuries. Together with the rest of the Southern Netherlands, it was under Spanish control from 1661, Austrian between 1713 and 1795 and French between 1795 and 1813. In 1815, when the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empire Of Charles V
The Empire of Charles V, also known as the Habsburg Empire, included the Habsburg hereditary lands in central Europe, the kingdoms of Spain, the colonial Spanish Empire, the kingdom of Naples, the Habsburg Netherlands and other territories and principalities across Europe. It is sometimes considered to include, in addition, the kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary which were held by Charles's brother Ferdinand during his reign. Charles was also Holy Roman Emperor and, as such, was suzerain of the states of the Holy Roman Empire. The empire was the first to be labelled as " the empire on which the sun never sets", a term used to describe several global empires throughout history. The lands of the empire had in common only the monarch, Charles V, while their boundaries, institutions, and laws remained distinct. Charles's nomenclature as Holy Roman Emperor was ''Charles V'' (also ''Karl V'' and ''Carolus V''), though earlier in his life he was known by the names of ''Charles of Ghent'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burgundian Netherlands
The Burgundian Netherlands were those parts of the Low Countries ruled by the Dukes of Burgundy during the Burgundian Age between 1384 and 1482. Within their Burgundian State, which itself belonged partly to the Holy Roman Empire and partly to the Kingdom of France, the dukes united these lowlands into a political union that went beyond a personal union as it gained central institutions for the first time (such as the States General). The period began with Duke Philip the Bold taking office as count of Flanders and Artois in 1384 and lasted until the death of Duchess Mary of Burgundy in 1482 after which the Burgundian State was dissolved, and the Low Countries came under the rule of the Habsburg monarchy by inheritance. In the 15th century, it was customary to refer to the Low Countries where the Duke of Burgundy ruled and usually resided as ''les pays de par-deçà'' meaning "the lands over here" as opposed to Burgundy proper (in Central France) which was designated ''les ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip The Bold
Philip II the Bold (; ; 17 January 1342 – 27 April 1404) was Duke of Burgundy and ''jure uxoris'' Count of Flanders, Artois and Burgundy. He was the fourth and youngest son of King John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg. Philip was the founder of the Burgundian branch of the House of Valois. His vast collection of territories made him the undisputed premier peer of the Kingdom of France and made his successors formidable subjects, and later rivals, of the kings of France. Philip played an important role in the development of gunpowder artillery in European warfare, making extensive and successful use of it in his military campaigns. By political marriage, from 1384 Philip gained control over Flanders, one of the most wealthy provinces of Europe in that time. He and his successors ruled it until 1482. This period is referred to as the Burgundian Netherlands. Early life Philip was born in Pontoise in 1342 to John and Bonne of Luxembourg. His father, John, was the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pledge (law)
A pledge is a bailment that conveys title to property owned by a debtor (the ''pledgor'') to a creditor (the ''pledgee'') to secure repayment for some debt or obligation and to the mutual benefit of both parties. The term is also used to denote the property which constitutes the security. The pledge is a type of security interest. Pledge is the ''pignus'' of Roman law, from which most of the modern European-based law on the subject is derived, but is generally a feature of even the most basic legal systems. A pledge of personal property is known as a pawn. Features The pledgee has the right of selling the pledge if the pledgor fails to make payment at the stipulated time. No title to a third party purchaser is guaranteed following a wrongful sale except in the case of property passing by delivery, such as money or negotiable securities. In all other cases, persons must show that they are a bona fide purchaser, for (good) value, without notice (BFP). In the case of some type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Personal Union
A personal union is a combination of two or more monarchical states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A real union, by contrast, involves the constituent states being to some extent interlinked, such as by sharing some limited governmental institutions. Unlike a personal union, in a federation or a unitary state, a central (federal) government spanning all member states exists, with the degree of self-governance distinguishing the two. The ruler in a personal union does not need to be a hereditary monarch. The term was coined by German jurist Johann Stephan Pütter, introducing it into ''Elementa iuris publici germanici'' (Elements of German Public Law) of 1760. Personal unions can arise for several reasons, such as: * inheritance through a dynastic union, e.g. Louis X of France inherited France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Worringen
The Battle of Worringen was fought on 5 June 1288 near the town of Worringen (also spelled Woeringen), which is now part of Chorweiler, the northernmost borough (Stadtbezirk) of Cologne. It was the decisive battle of the War of the Limburg Succession, fought for the possession of the Duchy of Limburg between on one side the Archbishop Siegfried II of Westerburg, Siegfried II of Cologne and Count Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg, Henry VI of Luxembourg, and on the other side, Duke John I, Duke of Brabant, John I of Brabant. Prelude The conflict arose after Duke Waleran IV, Duke of Limburg, Waleran IV of Limburg, a scion of the Lotharingian Ardennes-Verdun dynasty, had died without male heirs in 1279. His duchy was inherited by his daughter Ermengarde of Limburg, Ermengarde, who had married Count Reginald I of Guelders about 1270. Her husband claimed the Limburg heritage and in 1282 had his ducal title recognized by the German king Rudolf I of Germany, Rudolf I. The marriage of R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John I, Duke Of Brabant
John I, also called John the Victorious (1252/533 May 1294) was Duke of Brabant (1267–1294), Lothier and Limburg (1288–1294). During the 13th century, John I was venerated as a folk hero. He has been painted as the perfect model of a brave, adventurous and chivalrous feudal prince. Life Born in Leuven, he was the son of Henry III, Duke of Brabant and Aleidis of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy. He was also an older brother of Maria of Brabant, Queen consort of Philip III of France. In 1267 his older brother Henry IV, Duke of Brabant, being mentally deficient, was deposed in his favour. John's greatest military victory was the Battle of Worringen 1288, by which John I came to reign over the Duchy of Limburg. He was completely outnumbered in forces but led the successful invasion into the Rhineland to defeat the confederacy. In 1288 Limburg was formally attached to Brabant. John I was said to be a model of feudal prince: brave, adventurous; excelling in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of The Limburg Succession
The War of the Limburg Succession was a conflict between 1283 and 1289 for the succession in the Duchy of Limburg. The war was fought between Reginald I of Guelders, who married the daughter and heiress of the last Duke of Limburg, and the Duke of Brabant. Causes The cause of the War of the Limburg Succession was the death of Waleran IV, Duke of Limburg in 1280, and his only daughter Ermengarde of Limburg in 1283. Waleran IV had no sons and Ermengarde had no children. Ermergarde had married Reginald I of Guelders, who now claimed the Duchy of Limburg. However, Waleran's nephew Adolf VIII of Berg, son of his elder brother Adolf VII of Berg, also claimed the Duchy. Unable to assert his claims, he sold them in 1283 to the mighty John I, Duke of Brabant. Course of war Between 1283 and 1288, several smaller confrontations occurred between both sides, none of them decisive. Meanwhile, most of the other local powers chose sides. Siegfried II of Westerburg, the Archbishop of Cologn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ermengarde Of Limburg
Ermengarde (died 1283) was the ruling suo jure Duchess of Limburg from 1279 to 1283. She was the daughter of Judith of Kleve and Waleran IV, Duke of Limburg. She was named after her paternal grandmother. It is possible she was the only child of her parents, but is also equally possible she had a younger sister, Sophia. Ermengarde married count Reginald I of Guelders and died in 1283. Her death without issue triggered the War of the Limburg Succession. The Duchy of Limburg was subsequently added into the Duchy of Brabant after her husband was defeated in the decisive Battle of Worringen The Battle of Worringen was fought on 5 June 1288 near the town of Worringen (also spelled Woeringen), which is now part of Chorweiler, the northernmost borough (Stadtbezirk) of Cologne. It was the decisive battle of the War of the Limburg Succe ... in 1288. References 1283 deaths Year of birth unknown 13th-century dukes of Limburg 13th-century duchesses regnant 13th-century countesses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Limburg
The Duchy of Limburg or Limbourg was an imperial estate of the Holy Roman Empire. Much of the area of the duchy is today located within Liège Province of Belgium, with a small portion in the municipality of Voeren, an Enclave and exclave, exclave of the neighbouring Limburg (Belgium), Limburg Province. Its chief town was Limbourg, Limbourg-sur-Vesdre, in today's Liège Province. The duchy evolved from a county which was first assembled under the lordship of a junior member of the House of Ardenne–Luxembourg, Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Frederick. He and his successors built and apparently named the fortified town which the county, and later the duchy, were named after. Despite being a younger son, Frederick had a successful career and also became duke of Lower Lotharingia in 1046. Lordship of this county was not originally automatically linked with possession of a ducal title (''Herzog'' in German, ''Hertog'' in Dutch), and the same title was also eventually contested b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
