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Labour Service (Hungary)
Labour service () was required of "politically unreliable" and History of the Jews in Hungary, Hungarian-Jewish men in Hungary during the The Holocaust in Hungary, Holocaust and World War II after they were prohibited from serving in the regular armed forces by passage of the Hungarian anti-Jewish laws. In Hungary, Jews comprised over eight percent of the population, and the government imposed an alternative to military service. Labour service was unfree labour, forced labour, performed by labour battalions conscripted by the Nazi Germany, German-allied Hungarian regime primarily from Hungarian Jewish men during World War II. These units were an outgrowth of World War I units, when Jews served in the Hungarian armed forces along with Christians, as in Germany and other European countries. The commanders of these labour battalions often treated the Jewish units with extreme cruelty, abuse, and brutality. Men who worked in mine quarries were frequently pushed to their deaths off the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Army (Hungary)
The Hungarian Second Army (''Második Magyar Hadsereg'') was one of three field armies raised by the Kingdom of Hungary which saw action during World War II. All three armies were formed on March 1, 1940. The Second Army was the best-equipped Hungarian formation at the beginning of the war, but was virtually eliminated as an effective fighting unit by overwhelming Soviet force during the Battle of Stalingrad, suffering 84% casualties. Towards the end of the war, a reformed Second Army fought more successfully at the Battle of Debrecen, but, during the ensuing Siege of Budapest, it was destroyed completely and absorbed into the Hungarian Third Army. Occupation duties The Kingdom of Hungary was a reluctant member of the Axis at the beginning of the European conflict. Hungary's head of state was Regent Admiral Miklós Horthy and the government was led by Prime Minister Pál Teleki. On April 3, 1941, Teleki committed suicide when it became clear that Hungary was to take part i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Units And Formations Of Hungary In World War II
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a distinct military uniform. They may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of a military is usually defined as defence of their state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms "armed forces" and "military" are often synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include other paramilitary forces such as armed police. Beyond warfare, the military may be employed in additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within the state, including internal security threats, crowd control, promotion of political agendas, emergency services and reconstruction, prot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuremberg Laws
The Nuremberg Laws (, ) were antisemitic and racist laws that were enacted in Nazi Germany on 15 September 1935, at a special meeting of the Reichstag convened during the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party. The two laws were the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour, which forbade marriages and extramarital intercourse between Jews and Germans and the employment of German females under 45 in Jewish households; and the Reich Citizenship Law, which declared that only those of German or related blood were eligible to be Reich citizens. The remainder were classed as state subjects without any citizenship rights. A supplementary decree outlining the definition of who was Jewish was passed on 14 November, and the Reich Citizenship Law officially came into force on that date. The laws were expanded on 26 November 1935 to include Romani and Black people. This supplementary decree defined Romani people as "enemies of the race-based state", the same category ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Randolph L
Randolph may refer to: Places In the United States * Randolph, Alabama, an unincorporated community * Randolph, Arizona, a populated place * Randolph, California, a village merged into the city of Brea * Randolph, Illinois, an unincorporated community * Randolph, Indiana, an unincorporated community * Randolph, Iowa, a city * Randolph, Kansas, a city * Randolph, Maine, a town and a census-designated place * Randolph, Massachusetts, a city * Randolph, Minnesota, a city * Randolph, Mississippi, an unincorporated community * Randolph, Missouri, a city * Randolph, Nebraska, a city * Randolph, New Hampshire, a town * Randolph, New Jersey, a township * Randolph, New York, a town ** Randolph (CDP), New York * Randolph, Oregon, an unincorporated community * Randolph, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * Randolph, South Dakota, an unincorporated community * Randolph, Tennessee, an unincorporated community * Randolph, Texas, an unincorporated community * Randolph, Utah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halmeu
Halmeu (, ; ) is a commune of 4,276 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Băbești (''Kisbábony''), Dobolț (''Dabolc''), Halmeu, Halmeu-Vii (''Halmihegy''), and Mesteacăn (''Nyírestanya''). The commune included two other villages until 2005, when they were split off to form Porumbești Commune. Geography The commune is located in the northern part of the county, at a distance of from the county seat, Satu Mare, on the border with Ukraine and near the border with Hungary. It is traversed by national road (part of European route E58), which runs from Cluj-Napoca north towards Baia Mare and the border crossing at Halmeu, where it connects with the Ukrainian highway M26. Demographics Until World War II, the village was home to a Jewish community, which numbered 479 people in 1877. In 1910, 97.6% reported Hungarian as their primary language. The religious make-up was 1,196 Calvinists (34.6%), 1061 Jews (30.7%), and 613 Roman Cat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typhus
Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure. The diseases are caused by specific types of bacterial infection. Epidemic typhus is caused by '' Rickettsia prowazekii'' spread by body lice, scrub typhus is caused by '' Orientia tsutsugamushi'' spread by chiggers, and murine typhus is caused by '' Rickettsia typhi'' spread by fleas. Vaccines have been developed, but none is commercially available. Prevention is achieved by reducing exposure to the organisms that spread the disease. Treatment is with the antibiotic doxycycline. Epidemic typhus generally occurs in outbreaks when poor sanitary conditions and crowding are present. While once common, it is now rare. Scrub typhus occurs in Southeast Asia, Japan, and northern Australia. Murine typhus occurs in tropical and subtropi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siegendorf
Siegendorf (, ) is a town in the district of Eisenstadt-Umgebung in the Austrian state of Burgenland. History During World War II, a forced labor camp staffed by Hungarian Arrow Cross guards forced Jewish men from northern Transylvania located in Hungarian-occupied Romania, was located in Siegendorf. Nearly all of the inmates were executed by the Hungarian guards as the Soviet liberation forces were approaching when the guards pretended to want to march the Jewish inmates to an unknown location. Very few prisoners survived. Almost none of them documented their experience at this camp except one former inmate who incorrectly claims to be the "sole" survivor. Bear in mind, many survivors were not articulate and did not care to memorialize this experience in writing. But they have passed their experience along via their children and/or grandchildren. The Jewish slaves at the Siegendorf Camp were enslaved in a local gold mine. Population Sport * ASV Cindorf, football club of Bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szatmár County
Szatmár County ( ) was an administrative county (Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary), comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, situated south of the river Tisza. Most of its territory is now divided between Romania and Hungary, while a very small area is part of Ukraine. The capital of the county was Nagykároly (now Carei). Geography After 1876, Szatmár county shared borders with the former Hungarian counties of Szabolcs County, Szabolcs, Bereg County, Bereg, Ugocsa County, Ugocsa, Máramaros County, Máramaros, Szolnok-Doboka County, Szolnok-Doboka, Szilágy County, Szilágy and Bihar County, Bihar. It was situated south of the river Tisza. The rivers Crasna (Tisza), Crasna, Someş, Lăpuș (river), Lăpuș and Tur (river), Tur flowed through the county. Its area was 6,257 km2 around 1910. History Szatmár county was formed in the 11th century, with the center in Szatmárnémeti (now Satu Mare). In Ottoman Hungary, Ottoman times, the county mostly belonged to Partium. In 1876 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Transylvania
Northern Transylvania (, ) was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the August 1940 territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920-1946), Kingdom of Hungary. With an area of , the population was largely composed of both ethnic Romanians and Hungarians. In October 1944, Soviet Union, Soviet and Romanian Land Forces, Romanian forces gained control of the territory, and by March 1945 Northern Transylvania returned to Romanian administration. After the war, this was confirmed by the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947, Paris Peace Treaties of 1947. Background Transylvania has a varied history. Once part Kingdom of Kingdom of Dacia (82 BC–106 AD), in 106 AD, the Roman Empire conquered the territory, after the Roman legions withdrew in 271 AD, it was overrun by a succession of various tribes such as Carpi (people), Carpi, Visigoths, Huns, Gepids, Pannonian Avars, Avars, and Slavs, in the 9t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antal Szerb
Antal Szerb (1 May 1901, Budapest – 27 January 1945, Balf, Hungary, Balf) was a noted Hungary, Hungarian scholar and writer. He is generally considered to be one of the most important Hungarian writers of the 20th century. Life and career Szerb was born in 1901 to assimilated Jewish parents in Budapest, but baptism, baptized Catholic. He studied Hungarian language, Hungarian, German and later English, obtaining a doctorate in 1924. From 1924 to 1929 he lived in France and Italy, also spending a year in London, England, from 1929 to 1930. As a student, he published essays on Georg Trakl and Stefan George, and quickly established a formidable reputation as a scholar, writing erudite studies of William Blake and Henrik Ibsen among other works. Elected President of the Hungarian Literary Academy in 1933, aged just 32, he published his first novel, ''The Pendragon Legend'' (which draws upon his personal experience of living in Britain) the following year. His second and best-known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miklós Radnóti
Miklós Radnóti (born ''Miklós Glatter'', surname variants: ''Radnói'', ''Radnóczi''; 5 May 1909 – 4 or 9 November 1944) was a Hungarian poet, an outstanding representative of modern Hungarian lyric poetry as well as a certified secondary school teacher of Hungarian and French. He is characterised by his striving for pure genre and his revival of traditional, tried and tested genres. Biography Miklós Radnóti, born as Miklós Glatter, descended from a long line of Hungarian Jewish village merchants, peddlers, and pub keepers in Radnót, in what is now Slovakia. At the time of his birth, Miklós Glatter's father, Jakab Glatter, worked as a travelling salesman for the Brück & Grosz textile company, which was owned by his brother in law. He was born in the 13th district ( Újlipótváros quarter) of Budapest, the capital city of the Kingdom of Hungary. At birth, his twin brother was born dead and his mother, Ilona Grosz, died soon after childbirth. His father remarried ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
