|
Kilmeri Language
Kilmeri, or bo apulyo is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea near the border with Indonesian Papua. It is not being learned by children. Kilmeri is spoken around Ossima ward () in Bewani/Wutung Onei Rural LLG, Sandaun Province. Speakers of Kilmeri refer to their own language as ''bo apulyo'', meaning ''sound in the middle''. Dialects Dialects are:Brown, Robert. 1981A sociolinguistic survey of Pagi and Kilmeri Workpapers in Papua New Guinea Languages 29. Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics. * Western Kilmeri dialect (spoken in western villages) **Elau ** Osol **Kilipau **Kiliwes **Isi **I **Isi II **Sosi **Ilup *Eastern Kilmeri dialect (spoken in eastern villages and hamlets) **''Ossima'' ** ''Isi Daru'' **''Akos'' **''Awol'' **''Airu'' **Asue **Omoi **Omula The two major dialect groupings have an estimated cognate percentage of 82% based on lexicostatistics. Phonology Kilmeri distinguishes 18 consonants, 12 of which are phonemic. The sounds in parenthesis are possible ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia). Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. The country is the world's third largest island country, with an area of . At the national level, after being ruled by three external powers since 1884, including nearly 60 years of Australian administration starting during World War I, Papua New Guinea established its sovereignty in 1975. It became an independent Commonwealth realm in 1975 with Elizabeth II as its queen. It also became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in its own right. There are 839 known languages of Papua New Guinea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandaun Province
Sandaun Province (formerly West Sepik Province) is the northwesternmost mainland province of Papua New Guinea. It covers an area of 35,920 km2 (13868 m2) and has a population of 248,411 (2011 census). The capital is Vanimo. In July 1998 the area surrounding the town Aitape was hit by an enormous tsunami caused by a Magnitude 7.0 earthquake which killed over 2,000 people. The five villages along the west coast of Vanimo towards the International Border are namely; Lido, Waromo, Yako, Musu and Wutung. Name Sandaun is a Tok Pisin word derived from English "sun down," since the province is located in the west of the country, where the sun sets. The province was formerly named West Sepik Province, for the Sepik River that flows through the province and forms part of the province's southern border. Physical Geography The Sandaun Province has beaches along the northern coast, as well as mountainous areas throughout the province, primarily in the southern area of the province. Sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Border Languages (New Guinea)
The Border or Upper Tami languages are an independent family of Papuan languages in Malcolm Ross's version of the Trans–New Guinea proposal. Unlike the neighboring Sepik languages and many other Papuan language families of northern New Guinea, Border languages do not have grammatical gender or number (dual and plural forms). Name The Border family is named after the Indonesia – Papua New Guinea border, which it spans. Other than the Border languages, the Skou, Senagi, Pauwasi, Anim, and Yam families also span the Indonesia – Papua New Guinea border. Classification history Cowan (1957) tentatively proposed a "Tami" family, named after the Tami River, that included the modern Border and Sko language families. Some of the previously unclassified languages did turn out to be Sko, and were added to that family; the remainder (including the languages of the upper Tami) constitute the Border family. Languages Laycock classified Morwap as an isolate, but noted pronominal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papuan Languages
The Papuan languages are the non- Austronesian and non- Australian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands, by around 4 million people. It is a strictly geographical grouping, and does not imply a genetic relationship. The concept of Papuan (non-Austronesian) speaking Melanesians as distinct from Austronesian-speaking Melanesians was first suggested and named by Sidney Herbert Ray in 1892. New Guinea is the most linguistically diverse region in the world. Besides the Austronesian languages, there are some (arguably) 800 languages divided into perhaps sixty small language families, with unclear relationships to each other or to any other languages, plus many language isolates. The majority of the Papuan languages are spoken on the island of New Guinea, with a number spoken in the Bismarck Archipelago, Bougainville Island and the Solomon Islands to the east, and in Halmahera, Timor and the A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papua (Indonesian Province)
Papua is a province of Indonesia, comprising the northern coast of Western New Guinea together with island groups in Cenderawasih Bay to the west. It roughly follows the borders of Papuan customary region of Tabi Saireri. It is bordered by the sovereign state of Papua New Guinea to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the north, Cenderawasih Bay to the west, and the provinces of Central Papua and Highland Papua to the south. The province also shares maritime boundaries with Palau in the Pacific. Following the splitting off of twenty regencies to create the three new provinces of Central Papua, Highland Papua, and South Papua on 30 June 2022, the residual province is divided into eight regencies (''kabupaten'') and one city (''kota''), the latter being the provincial capital of Jayapura. The province has a large potential in natural resources, such as gold, nickel, petroleum, etc. Papua, along with four other Papuan provinces, has a higher degree of autonomy level compared to oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bewani/Wutung Onei Rural LLG
Bewani/Wutung Onei Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. Bewani languages and Skou languages are spoken in the LLG. Wards *01. Wutung (Wutung language speakers) *02. Musu (Wutung language speakers: Musu dialect) *03. Yaukono (Wutung language speakers: Nyao dialect) *04. Yako *05. Waromo (Dumo speakers) *06. Lido *07. Ningra ( Ningera language speakers) *08. Rawo *09. Poko *10. Nowake *11. Laitre (Rawo language speakers) *12. Puari *13. Onei (Womo language speakers) *14. Osol *15. Krisa ( I'saka language speakers) *16. Ossima (Kilmeri language Kilmeri, or bo apulyo is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea near the border with Indonesian Papua. It is not being learned by children. Kilmeri is spoken around Ossima ward () in Bewani/Wutung Onei Rural LLG, Sandaun Province. Speakers of Kil ... speakers) *17. Kilipau *18. Ilup *19. Amoi *20. Somboi *21. Ituly *22. Skotiaho *23. Ainbai ( Ainbai language speakers) *24. Sumumini *25. Imbio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' (stylized as ''Ethnoloɠue'') is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951, and is now published by SIL International, an American Christian non-profit organization. Overview and content ''Ethnologue'' has been published by SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization with an international office in Dallas, Texas. The organization studies numerous minority languages to facilitate language development, and to work with speakers of such language communities in translating portions of the Bible into their languages. Despite the Christian orientation of its publisher, ''Ethnologue'' isn't ideologically or theologically biased. ''Ethnologue'' includes alternative names and autonyms, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIL International
SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics) is an evangelical Christian non-profit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy, translate the Christian Bible into local languages, and aid minority language development. Based on its language documentation work, SIL publishes a database, '' Ethnologue'', of its research into the world's languages, and develops and publishes software programs for language documentation, such as FieldWorks Language Explorer (FLEx) and Lexique Pro. Its main offices in the United States are located at the International Linguistics Center in Dallas, Texas. History William Cameron Townsend, a Presbyterian minister, founded the organization in 1934, after undertaking a Christian mission with the Disciples of Christ among the Kaqchikel Maya people in Guatemala in the early 1930s.George T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilabial Trill
The voiced bilabial trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is B\. Features Features of the voiced bilabial trill: In most instances, it is only found as the trilled release of a prenasalized stop. Varieties Occurrences The Knorkator Knorkator is a German band from Berlin that combines heavy metal with comical elements. They proclaim themselves to be "Germany's band in the world" (german: Deutschlands meiste Band der Welt), as the title "The best band in the world" was al ... song " uchstabe (the actual title is a glyph) on the 1999 album '' Hasenchartbreaker'' uses a similar sound (though linguolabial instead of bilabial) to replace "br" in a number of German words (e.g. for ). Prenasalized Prestopped trills and stops with trill release Phonology In many of the languages in which the bilabial trill occurs, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kwomtari Languages
The Senu River languages are a small language family spoken in the Senu River watershed of Papua New Guinea. They consist at least of the Kwomtari languages, Kwomtari and Nai, with several additional languages more distantly related to them. Classification The family consists of at least the two relatively closely related languages Kwomtari and Nai. Baron (1983) Baron adds the highly divergent language Guriaso: *Kwomtari stock ** Guriaso **Kwomtari–Nai family (Nuclear Kwomtari) *** Kwomtari *** Nai ( Biaka) Guriaso shares a small number of cognates with Kwomtari–Nai. Baron (1983) considers the evidence to be convincing when a correspondence between and (from ) is established: * Compare Biaka . ** Metathesis of /p/ and /t/. Usher (2020) Usher further classifies Yale (Nagatman) with Guriaso, and adds Busa, all under the name "Senu River". ;Senu River (Kwomtari–Busa) * Kwomtari– Nai * Guriaso–Yale *Odiai ( Busa) Confusion from Laycock There has been confusi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skou Languages
The Sko or Skou languages are a small language family spoken by about 7000 people, mainly along the Vanimo coast of Sandaun Province in Papua New Guinea, with a few being inland from this area and at least one just across the border in the Indonesian province of Papua (formerly known as Irian Jaya). Typology Tone Skou languages are unusual among Papuan languages for being tonal; all Skou languages possess contrastive tone. Vanimo, for example, has three tones, ''high, mid, low.'' Example minimal sets illustrating tonal contrasts in various Skou languages: * I’saka: ''ẽy''H ‘louse’, ''wey''L ‘butterfly’, ''wey''LH ‘house’, ''wey''HL ‘language’ * Barupu: ''e''H ‘tooth’, ''e''L ‘garden’, ''e''HL ‘mosquito’, ''e''HLH ‘write’ * Wutung: ''ho''H ‘roof thatch made from sago palm fronds’, ''ho''L ‘star’, ''ho''HL ‘grease’ * Skou: ''ta''H ‘grass’, ''ta''L ‘hair’, ''ta''HL ‘arrow’ Lakes Plain languages, spoken in a discontigu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linguistic Modality
In linguistics and philosophy, modality refers to the ways language can express various relationships to reality or truth. For instance, a modal expression may convey that something is likely, desirable, or permissible. Quintessential modal expressions include modal auxiliaries such as "could", "should", or "must"; modal adverbs such as "possibly" or "necessarily"; and modal adjectives such as "conceivable" or "probable". However, modal components have been identified in the meanings of countless natural language expressions, including counterfactuals, propositional attitudes, evidentials, habituals, and generics. Modality has been intensely studied from a variety of perspectives. Within linguistics, typological studies have traced crosslinguistic variation in the strategies used to mark modality, with a particular focus on its interaction with tense–aspect–mood marking. Theoretical linguists have sought to analyze both the propositional content and discourse effects o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
