|
Karelian Alphabet
The Karelian language is spoken in Russia, mostly in the Karelian Republic and in a small region just north of Tver, though most residents there were expelled in 1939. Karelian has seen numerous proposed and adopted alphabets over the centuries, both Latin and Cyrillic. In 2007, the current standardized Karelian alphabet was introduced and is used to write all varieties of Karelian, including Tver Karelian which adopted it in 2017. History Middle Ages The oldest known document in Karelian, or in any Finnic language, is the Birch bark letter no. 292, found in 1957 and believed to be either an invocation against lightning, or an oath. Until the 19th century it is believed that Karelian was only written down by individuals; it was not taught in schools. 19th and early 20th centuries In the 19th century a few books were published in Karelian using Cyrillic, the first known one was ''A Translation of some Prayers and a Shortened Catechism'' into North Karelian and Olonets (Aunus) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karelian Language
Karelian (North Karelian and Livvi Karelian: ; Ludic: ; Tver Karelian: ) is a Finnic language spoken mainly in the Russian Republic of Karelia. Linguistically, Karelian is closely related to the Finnish dialects spoken in eastern Finland, and some Finnish linguists have even classified Karelian as a dialect of Finnish, though in the modern day it is widely considered a separate language. Karelian is not to be confused with the Southeastern dialects of Finnish, sometimes referred to as ("Karelian dialects") in Finland. There is no single standard Karelian language. Each writer writes in Karelian according to their own dialectal form. Three main written standards have been developed, for North Karelian, Olonets Karelian (also known as Livvi Karelian) and Tver Karelian. Ludic Karelian also appears in writing. All variants are written with the Latin-based Karelian alphabet, though the Cyrillic script has been used in the past. Classification Karelian belongs to the Finnic bra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djadja Rimusan Suarnat
Djadja & Dinaz is a French hip hop duo from Meaux and made up of Gianni Bellou (Djadja) and Azzedine Hedhli (Dinaz). Biography The group received attention in December 2014 with the controversial video for their song "Laisse-nous faire notre biff" which shows a dozen young people shooting firearms in a parking lot. The two rappers (Djadja and Dinaz) and three of the extras were subsequently identified by the police, and four of them were sentenced to three months in prison. The group had further success in 2016 with the video for their song ''J'fais mes affaires'' accumulating 40 million views in February 2017. The group released their first studio album named ''On s'promet'' on May 6, 2016. The album sold 7,000 copies in its first week. The album is certified platinum Music recording certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped, sold, or streamed a certain number of units. The threshold quantity varies by type (such as album, single, music ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO Basic Latin Alphabet
The ISO basic Latin alphabet is an international standard (beginning with ISO/IEC 646) for a Latin-script alphabet that consists of two sets (uppercase and lowercase) of 26 letters, codified in various national and international standards and used widely in international communication. They are the same letters that comprise the current English alphabet. Since medieval times, they are also the same letters of the modern Latin alphabet. The order is also important for sorting words into alphabetical order. The two sets contain the following 26 letters each: History By the 1960s it became apparent to the computer and telecommunications industries in the First World that a non-proprietary method of encoding characters was needed. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) encapsulated the Latin script in their ( ISO/IEC 646) 7-bit character-encoding standard. To achieve widespread acceptance, this encapsulation was based on popular usage. The standard was ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digraph (orthography)
A digraph or digram (from the grc, δίς , "double" and , "to write") is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined. Some digraphs represent phonemes that cannot be represented with a single character in the writing system of a language, like the English '' sh'' in ''ship'' and ''fish''. Other digraphs represent phonemes that can also be represented by single characters. A digraph that shares its pronunciation with a single character may be a relic from an earlier period of the language when the digraph had a different pronunciation, or may represent a distinction that is made only in certain dialects, like the English '' wh''. Some such digraphs are used for purely etymological reasons, like '' rh'' in English. Digraphs are used in some Romanization schemes, like the '' zh'' often used to represent t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olonets Karelian
Livvi-Karelian (Alternate names: ''Liygi'', ''Livvi'', ''Livvikovian'', ''Olonets'', ''Southern Olonetsian'', ''Karelian''; russian: ливвиковский язык) is a dialect of the Karelian language, which is a Finnic language of the Uralic family, spoken by Olonets Karelians (self-appellation , ), traditionally inhabiting the area between Ladoga and Onega lakes, northward of Svir River. The name "Olonets Karelians" is derived from the territory inhabited, Olonets Krai, named after the town of Olonets, named after the Olonka River. History Before World War II, Livvi-Karelian was spoken both in Russia and in Finland, in the easternmost part of Finnish Karelia. After Finland was forced to cede large parts of Karelia to the USSR after the war, the Finnish Livvi-Karelian population was resettled in Finland. Today there are still native speakers of Livvi-Karelian living scattered throughout Finland, but all areas in which Livvi-Karelian remain a community language are fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic
The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (Karelo-Finnish SSR; fi, ; rus, Каре́ло-Фи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика, r=Karelo-Finskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also called Soviet Karelia or simply known as Karelia, was a republic of the Soviet Union. It existed from 1940 until it was made part of the Russian SFSR in 1956 as the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The latter became the Republic of Karelia, a federal subject of Russia, on 13 November 1991. History The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic was established by the Soviet government on 31 March 1940 by merging the KASSR with the Finnish Democratic Republic. The latter was created in territory ceded by Finland in the Winter War by the Moscow Peace Treaty, namely the Karelian Isthmus and Ladoga Karelia, including the cities of Viipuri and Sortavala. Virtually the entire Karelian population of the ceded are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karjalan Sanomat
''Karjalan Sanomat'' (''Karelian News'') is a Finnish language newspaper from the Republic of Karelia, published in Petrozavodsk. Previous names: * 1920-1923: Karjalan kommuuni (''Karelian Commune'') * 1923-1937: Punainen Karjala (''Red Karelia'') * 1938-1940: Советской Карелия (''Soviet Karelia'') * 1940-1955: Totuus (''Truth'') * 1955-1957: Leninilainen totuus (''Lenin's Truth'') * 1957-1991: Neuvosto-Karjala (''Soviet Karelia'') * 1991-: Karjalan sanomat (''Karelian News'') From 1938 to 1940 the newspaper was printed in Karelian using Cyrillic, rather than Finnish. See also *Eastern Bloc information dissemination Eastern Bloc media and propaganda was controlled directly by each country's communist party, which controlled the state media, censorship and propaganda organs. State and party ownership of print, television and radio media served as an important ... References Newspapers established in 1920 Finnish-language newspapers Newspapers publishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RSFSR
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Socialistíčeskaya Respúblika, rɐˈsʲijskəjə sɐˈvʲetskəjə fʲɪdʲɪrɐˈtʲivnəjə sətsɨəlʲɪˈsʲtʲitɕɪskəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə, Ru-Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика.ogg), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic as well as being unofficially known as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. the Russian Federation or simply Russia, was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous of the Soviet socialist republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
U With Diaeresis (Cyrillic)
U with diaeresis (Ӱ ӱ; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, derived from the Cyrillic letter U (У у ). U with diaeresis is used in the alphabets of the Altai, Khakas, Khanty, Mari and Shor languages, where it represents the close front rounded vowel , the pronunciation of the Latin letter U with umlaut (Ü ü) in German. It is also used in the Komi-Yodzyak language. Usage Cyrillic U with Diaeresis was formally used in The Rusyn language. Computing codes See also *Ü ü : Latin U with diaeresis - an Azerbaijani, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Turkish, and Turkmen letter *Ư ư : Latin letter U with horn, used in Vietnamese alphabet *Y y : Latin letter Y *Ӳ ӳ : Cyrillic letter U with double acute *Ү ү : Cyrillic letter Ue *Ұ ұ : Cyrillic letter straight U with stroke ( Kazakh mid U) *Cyrillic characters in Unicode As of Unicode version 15.0 Cyrillic script is encoded across several blocks: * CyrillicU+0400–U+04FF 256 characte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O With Diaeresis (Cyrillic)
O with diaeresis (Ӧ ӧ; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. In all its forms it looks exactly like the Latin letter Ö with a diaeresis (Ö ö ). O with diaeresis is used in the alphabets of the Altay, Khakas, Komi, Kurdish, Mari, Shor and Udmurt languages. Usage In Altai, Khakas and Shor, it represents the close-mid front rounded vowel . In Komi, it represents the schwa . In Kurdish, it represents the close back rounded vowel . In Mari, it represents the open-mid front rounded vowel . In Udmurt, it represents the open-mid back unrounded vowel . In Russian books until the beginning of the 20th century, the letter Ӧ has been sporadically used instead of Ё in foreign names and loanwords (for example, the city of Cologne, Germany, which is ''Köln'' in German, might have been rendered in Russian as "Кӧльн"). In Tatar, this letter appeared in the 1861 Cyrillic orthography by Nikolay Ilminsky. This letter was replaced by Ө ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A With Diaeresis (Cyrillic)
A with diaeresis (Ӓ ӓ; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. In all its forms it looks exactly like the Latin letter A with diaeresis (Ä ä ). It is used in the Khanty, Kildin Sami, and Hill Mari languages. Also, this letter was once used in the Gagauz language (which was substituted with ). This letter also appears in Serbian in some of its dialects. Usage In Hill Mari and Gagauz this letter represents the near-open front unrounded vowel, . In Kildin Sami this letter represents the open back unrounded vowel following a palatalized (sometimes also called "half-palatalized") velar nasal or one of the alveolar stops or . In Khanty this letter represents the near-open central vowel . Some languages represent as , like in letter "Я". A with diaeresis is used in some South Slavic languages, mainly in the Serbian language to be used for easily shifting the accents in the above languages not only in declensions but elsewhere: брӓт. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dotted I (Cyrillic)
The dotted i (І і; italics: ''''), also called decimal i (и десятеричное, after its former numeric value), is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the close front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of ⟨i⟩ in English "machine". It is used in the orthographies of Belarusian, Kazakh, Khakas, Komi, Carpathian Rusyn and Ukrainian and quite often, but not always, is the equivalent of the Cyrillic letter i (И и) as used in Russian and other languages. The letter was also used in Russian before 1918. In Ukrainian, І is the twelfth letter of the alphabet and represents the sound i.html"_;"title="Close_front_unrounded_vowel.html"_;"title="nowiki/>Close_front_unrounded_vowel">i">Close_front_unrounded_vowel.html"_;"title="nowiki/>Close_front_unrounded_vowel">iin_writing._Ukrainian_uses_и_to_represent_the_sound_[Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.html" ;"title="Close_front_unrounded_vowel">i.html" ;"title="Close_front_un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
