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Khanate Of Kokand
The Khanate of Kokand was a Central Asian polity in the Fergana Valley centred on the city of Kokand between 1709 and 1876. It was ruled by the Ming tribe of Uzbeks. Its territory is today divided between Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. History The Khanate of Kokand was established in 1709 when the emir of the Ming tribe of Uzbeks, Shahrukh declared independence from the Khanate of Bukhara, establishing a state in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley. He built a citadel as his capital in the small town of Kokand, thus starting the Khanate of Kokand. His son, Abdul Kahrim Bey, and grandson, Narbuta Bey, enlarged the citadel, but both were forced to submit as a protectorate, and pay tribute to, the Qing dynasty between 1774 and 1798.Starr. Narbuta Bey’s son Alim was both ruthless and efficient. He hired a mercenary army of Ghalcha highlanders, and conquered the western half of the Fergana Valley, including Khujand and Tashkent. He was assassinat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khanate
A khanate ( ) or khaganate refers to historic polity, polities ruled by a Khan (title), khan, khagan, khatun, or khanum. Khanates were typically nomadic Mongol and Turkic peoples, Turkic or Tatars, Tatar societies located on the Eurasian Steppe, and politically equivalent in status to chiefdom, kinship-based chiefdoms and Feudalism, feudal Monarchy, monarchies. Khanates and khaganates were organised Tribe, tribally, where leaders gained power on the support and loyalty of their warrior subjects, gaining tribute from subordinates as realm funding. In comparison to a khanate, a khaganate, the realm of a khagan, was a Nomadic empire, large nomadic state maintaining subjugation over numerous smaller khanates. The title of khagan, translating as "Khan of the Khans", roughly corresponds in status to that of an emperor. Mongol khanates Mongol Empire (1206–1368) The Mongol Empire was the largest steppe nomadic Khaganate as well as List of largest empires, second largest empire and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uzbeks
The Uzbeks () are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being among the largest Turkic ethnic groups in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakhs, Kazakh and Karakalpaks, Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Uzbeks in Turkey, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Uzbek Americans, United States, Ukraine, Uzbeks in Pakistan, Pakistan, and other countries. Etymology The origin of the word ''Uzbek'' is disputed. One view holds that it is eponymously named after Oghuz Khagan, also known as ''Oghuz Beg'', became the word ''Uzbeg'' or ''Uzbek''.A. H. Keane, A. Hingston Quiggin, A. C. Haddon, Man: Past and Present, p.312, Cambridge University Press, 2011, Google Books, quoted: "Who take their name from a mythical Uz-beg, Prince Uz (beg in Turki=a chief, or hereditary ruler)." Another theory states th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khoja (Turkestan)
Khoja or Khwaja (; ; ; ; ; ; ), a Persian word literally meaning 'master' or ‘lord’, was used in Central Asia as a title of the descendants of the noted Central Asian Naqshbandi Sufi teacher, Ahmad Kasani (1461–1542) or others in the Naqshbandi intellectual lineage prior to Baha al-din Naqshband. The most powerful religious figure in the late Timurid era was the Naqshbandi Shaykh Khwaja Ahrar.The letters of Khwāja ʻUbayd Allāh Aḥrār and his associates. Translated by Jo-Ann Gross. Leiden: BRILL, 2002. The Khojas often were appointed as administrators by Mongol rulers in the Altishahr or present-day region of Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China. The Khojas of Altishahr claimed to be Sayyids (descendants of Muhammad) and they are still regarded as such by the fraternity people of Altishahr. Although Ahmad Kasani himself, known as ''Makhdūm-i-Azam'' or "Great Master" to his followers, never visited Altishahr (today's Tarim Basin), many of his descendants, known as ''Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ali Khan (Kokand)
Muhammad Ali Khan, commonly referred to as Madali Khan, was the official Khan of Kokand from . He became the official ruler of Kokand at the age of 14 after his father Muhammad Umar Khan died of an illness in 1822, although some sources claim his mother Mohlaroyim was really in charge due to Madali's young age and inexperience. Policies Madali tried to live up to his father's legacy as khan, in doing so he took measures to improve the khanate's economy and had a large madrassa constructed. During his reign the empire spanned across the Pamir mountains, Khujand, Tashkent, Kashgar, to Southern Kazakhstan. He maintained diplomatic relations with Russia, the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Khiva, and the Emirate of Bukhara. Relations with Bukhara and downfall The Bukhara - Kokand Wars initiated in 1839 when Kokand built a fort close to Bukhara. In the wars, the emir of Bukhara Nasrullah Khan took over Istaravshan and Khojend, forced Kokand to pay a large amount of tribut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Umar Khan
Muhammad Umar Khan was the Khan of Kokand from until his subsequent illness and death in . He studied at a madrassa after completing his primary education before seizing power from his brother Alim Khan. His poetry written under the pen name "Amir" touched on subjects spanning from humanism, culture, and enlightenment in diwans covering twelve genres. His teenage son Muhammad Ali Khan was given the title of Khan after his death. Family Umar was the son of the Khan Narbuta Bey who reigned from 1774 to 1798. Umar took the title of Khan from his brother Alim Khan with the help of several co-conspirators. In 1810 Umar and his companions spread a rumor in Tashkent that Alim had been killed and took on the title of Khan. Alim, hearing of the rumors on a military mission, returned to Kokand immediately, only to be ambushed by the Umar faction with Kambar Mirza shooting Alim. Umar's wife Mohlaroyim took an active role in the social life of Kokand as a patron of the arts of s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tashkent (1784)
Tashkent State, or simply Tashkent was an independent historical Uzbek khanates, Uzbek monarchy in Central Asia, spanning over the areas that are nowadays the Tashkent Region of Uzbekistan as well as South Kazakhstan Region. It was declared in 1784 and ceased to exist in 1808, after being occupied by the Kokand Khanate. The capital was Tashkent. History Background In the middle of the 18th century, a troubled period occurred in the history of Tashkent, when the city was at the crossroads of the interests of the Kalmyk Khanate, Kazakh Khanate, Kokand Khanate, and, to a lesser extent, Emirate of Bukhara. The city repeatedly passed from one ruler to another. In addition, there was an internecine war between four parts of the city, called ''dakha''s: ''Kukcha'', ''Sibzar'', ''Sheykhantaur'' and ''Beshagach''. The head of each of them (hakim (title), hakim) sought to subdue other regions. By the 1780s, lengthy and bloody strife became intolerable. At the same time, the Sheykhantau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khujand
Khujand, sometimes spelled Khodjent and formerly known as Leninabad from 1936 to 1991, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan and the capital of Tajikistan's northernmost Sughd province. Khujand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, dating back about 2,500 years to the Persian Empire. Situated on the Syr Darya river at the mouth of the Fergana Valley, Khujand was a major city along the ancient Silk Road. After being captured by Alexander the Great in 329 BC, it was renamed Alexandria Eschate and has since been part of various empires in history, including the Umayyad Caliphate (8th century), the Mongol Empire (13th century) and the Russian empire (19th century). Today, the majority of its population are ethnic Tajiks and the city is close to the present borders of both Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. History Antiquity Khujand may have been the site of Cyropolis () which was established when King Cyrus the Great founded the city during his last expedition against the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamiris
The Pamiris are an Eastern Iranian ethnic group, native to Central Asia, living primarily in Tajikistan (Gorno-Badakhshan), Afghanistan ( Badakhshan), Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan & Chitral) and China (Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County). They speak a variety of different languages, amongst which languages of the Eastern Iranian Pamir language group stand out. The languages of the Shughni- Rushani group, alongside Wakhi, are the most widely spoken Pamiri languages. History Antiquity Eastern Iranian (mainly Saka (Scythian)), Tocharian, and probably Dardic tribes, as well as pre-Indo-European substrate populations took part in the formation of the Pamiris: in the 7th and 2nd centuries BC the Pamir Mountains were inhabited by tribes known in written sources as the Sakas. They were divided into different groupings and recorded with various names, such as ''Saka Tigraxauda'' ("Saka who wear pointed caps"), Saka Haumavarga ("''Saka who revere'' hauma"), ''Saka Tvaiy Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alim Khan (Kokand)
Alim Khan was the Khan of Kokand . He became Khan after the death of his father Narbuta Bey. Policies as Khan Alim continued his father's policies of expanding the Khanate, personally leading the military operation for the annexation of Ura-Tepe in 1806, but due to strong resistance the city had to be annexed again on multiple occasions. Alim also initiated an extensive campaign of military reforms, which included hiring mercenary Tajik forces. Alim then took over Tashkent from Yunus Khoja, a feat his father Narbuta had attempted but failed. Kurama, containing the cities of Ura Tepe, Jizzak, and Khojend were annexed; the independent state originally under the control of a Kyrgyz sultan containing the cities of Shymkent, Turkestan and Sayram, were also captured and absorbed into the Khanate, but like Ura-Tepe resisted several times and were later re-annexed by Umar Khan. A war broke out between Karakalpaks and Kokandian settlers along the Syr Darya river, leading to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Encyclopedia Of Uzbekistan
The ''National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan'' () is a general-knowledge encyclopedia written in Uzbek language, Uzbek. The majority of the articles in the ''National Encyclopedia'' were directly taken from the ''Uzbek Soviet Encyclopedia''. While the ''Uzbek Soviet Encyclopedia'' was published in 14 volumes, the ''National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan'' has only 12 volumes. The first volume of the ''National Encyclopedia'' was published in 2000. The final 12th volume was published in 2006. History The ''National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan'' was published in Tashkent from 2000 to 2005 by the National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan State Scientific Publishing House. The encyclopedia was printed in Cyrillic even though it was published long after Uzbekistan introduced the Latin script to Uzbek. In 2013, all of the articles of the ''National Encyclopedia'' were added to the Uzbek Wikipedia with the help of a Wikipedia bots, bot. In 2022, the Agency of Information and Mass Communications unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China. At its height of power, the empire stretched from the Sea of Japan in the east to the Pamir Mountains in the west, and from the Mongolian Plateau in the north to the South China Sea in the south. Originally emerging from the Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin dynasty founded in 1616 and proclaimed in Shenyang in 1636, the dynasty seized control of the Ming capital Beijing and North China in 1644, traditionally considered the start of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty lasted until the Xinhai Revolution of October 1911 led to the abdication of the last emperor in February 1912. The multi-ethnic Qing dynasty Legacy of the Qing dynasty, assembled the territoria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protectorate
A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a State (polity), state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a dependent territory that enjoys autonomy over most of its internal affairs, while still recognizing the suzerainty of a more powerful sovereign state without being a possession. In exchange, the protectorate usually accepts specified obligations depending on the terms of their arrangement. Usually protectorates are established de jure by a treaty. Under certain conditions—as with History of Egypt under the British#Veiled Protectorate (1882–1913), Egypt under British rule (1882–1914)—a state can also be labelled as a de facto protectorate or a veiled protectorate. A protectorate is different from a colony as it has local rulers, is not directly possessed, and rarely experiences colonization by the suzerain state. A state that is under the protection of another state while retai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
