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Julius Paulus (brother Of Civilis)
Julius Paulus (; fl. 2nd century and 3rd century AD), often simply referred to as Paul in English, was one of the most influential and distinguished Roman jurists. He was also a praetorian prefect under the Roman Emperor Alexander Severus. Life Little is known of the life and family of Paulus; he was a man of Greek descent, who originated from an unknown Phoenician town in Roman Syria or from Patavium, Roman Italy (modern Padua, Italy). The possibility that Paulus could come from Patavium is based on a statue with an inscription found in Patavium dedicated to a Paulus. During the reign of emperors Septimius Severus and Caracalla, Paulus served as a jurist. He was exiled by the emperor Elagabalus and recalled from exile by his successor, emperor Alexander Severus. Severus and his mother Julia Avita Mamaea in 222, appointed him among the emperor's chief advisers and between 228 and 235, he was the Praetorian prefect of the Praetorian Guard. Paulus was a contemporary of the jurist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Law
Roman law is the law, legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (), to the (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I. Roman law also denoted the legal system applied in most of Western Europe until the end of the 18th century. In Germany, Roman law practice remained in place longer under the Holy Roman Empire (963–1806). Roman law thus served as a basis for Civil law (legal system), legal practice throughout Western continental Europe, as well as in most former colonies of these European nations, including Latin America, and also in Ethiopia. English and Anglo-American common law were influenced also by Roman law, notably in their Latinate legal glossary. Eastern Europe was also influenced by the jurisprudence of the , especially in countries such as medieval Romania, which created a new legal system comprising a mixture of Roman and local law. After the dissolution of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution (Roman Law)
In Roman law, a ''constitutio'' ("constitution") is any legislative enactment by a Roman emperor. It includes edicts, decrees (judicial decisions), and ''rescripta'' (written answers to officials or petitioners). ''Mandata'' (instructions) given by the Emperor to officials were not constitutions but created legal rules that could be relied upon by individuals. One of the most important constitutions issued by a Roman emperor was Caracalla's ''Constitutio Antoniniana'' of 212, also called the Edict of Caracalla or the Antonine Constitution, which declared that all free men of the Roman Empire The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of ... were to be given Roman citizenship and all free women the same rights as Roman women. References Further reading * H. F. Jolowicz and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pandects
The ''Digest'' (), also known as the Pandects (; , , "All-Containing"), was a compendium or digest of juristic writings on Roman law compiled by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I in 530–533 AD. It is divided into 50 books. The ''Digest'' was part of a reduction and codification of all Roman laws up to that time, which later came to be known as the (). The other two parts were a collection of statutes, the (Code), which survives in a second edition, and an introductory textbook, the Institutes; all three parts were given force of law. The set was intended to be complete, but Justinian passed further legislation, which was later collected separately as the (New Laws or, conventionally, the "Novels"). History The original ''Codex Justinianus'' was promulgated in April of 529 by the C. "Summa". This made it the only source of imperial law, and repealed all earlier codifications. However, it permitted reference to ancient jurists whose writings had been regarded as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valentinian III
Valentinian III (; 2 July 41916 March 455) was Roman emperor in the Western Roman Empire, West from 425 to 455. Starting in childhood, his reign over the Roman Empire was one of the longest, but was dominated by civil wars among powerful generals and the Migration Period, barbarian invasions. He was the son of Galla Placidia and Constantius III, and as the great-grandson of Valentinian I () he was the last emperor of the Valentinianic dynasty. As a grandson of Theodosius I (), Valentinian was also a member of the Theodosian dynasty, to which his wife, Licinia Eudoxia, also belonged. A year before assuming the rank of ''Augustus (title), augustus'', Valentinian was given the imperial rank of ''Caesar (title), caesar'' by his half-cousin and co-emperor Theodosius II (). The ''Augusta (title), augusta'' Galla Placidia had great influence during her son's rule, as did the military commander Flavius Aetius, who defended the western empire against List of ancient Germanic peoples, Ger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodosius II
Theodosius II ( ; 10 April 401 – 28 July 450), called "the Calligraphy, Calligrapher", was Roman emperor from 402 to 450. He was proclaimed ''Augustus (title), Augustus'' as an infant and ruled as the Eastern Empire's sole emperor after the death of his father Arcadius in 408. His reign was marked by the promulgation of the Theodosian law code and the construction of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople. He also presided over the outbreak of two great Christological controversies, Nestorianism and Eutychianism. Early life Theodosius was born on 10 April 401 as the only son of Emperor Arcadius and his wife Aelia Eudoxia.''PLRE'' 2, p. iarchive:prosopography-later-roman-empire/PLRE-II/page/1100/mode/2up, 1100 On 10 January 402, at the age of 9 months, he was proclaimed co-''augustus'' by his father, thus becoming the youngest to bear the imperial title Michael III, up to that point. On 1 May 408, his father died and the seven-year-old boy became the sole emperor of the Ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aemilius Macer (jurist)
Aemilius Macer was a Roman jurist A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyzes and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal education in law (a law degree) and often a Lawyer, legal prac ... active in the third century AD. Usually denominated simply "Macer", he was the author of five works on Roman law: ''De Re Militari'', ''Publica Judicia'', ''De Officio Praesidis'', ''Ad Legem Uicensimam Hereditatum'', and ''De Appellationibus''. Sixty-five extracts from Macer's works appear in the '' Digest''. References 2nd-century Romans 3rd-century Romans 3rd-century writers Ancient Roman jurists {{AncientRome-law-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvius Julianus
Lucius Octavius Cornelius Publius Salvius Iulianus Aemilianus (c. 110 – c. 170), generally referred to as Salvius Julianus, or Julian the Jurist, or simply Julianus, was a well known and respected jurist, public official, and politician who served in the Roman Empire, Roman imperial state. Of north African origin, he was active during the long reigns of the emperors Hadrian (r. 117–138), Antoninus Pius (r. 138–161), and Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–180), as well as the shorter reign of Marcus Aurelius' first co-Emperor, Lucius Verus (r. 161–169). In the Roman government, Julianus gradually rose in rank through a traditional series of offices. He was successively quaestor to the Emperor Hadrian (with double the usual salary), plebeian tribune, praetor, ''aerarium Saturni, praefectus aerarii Saturni'', and ''Aerarium militare, praefectus aerarii militaris'', before assuming the high annual office of Roman consul in 148. Julianus also served in the emperor's inner circle, the ''c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Antistius Labeo
Marcus Antistius Labeo (died 10 or 11 AD) was a Roman jurist. Marcus Antistius Labeo was the son of Pacuvius Labeo, a jurist who caused himself to be slain after the defeat of his party at Philippi. Since his name was different from his father's, he was presumably adopted by an otherwise unknown Antistius. A member of plebeian nobility in easy circumstances, young Labeo entered public life early. Marcus Antistius rose quickly to the praetorship; but undisguised antipathy for the new regime and the brusque manner he occasionally gave expression to Republican sympathies in the Senate – what Tacitus calls his ''incorrupta libertas'' – proved an obstacle to his advancement. His rival, Ateius Capito, a loyal client of new ruling powers, was promoted by Caesar Augustus to the consulate even though Labeo was in line for the job. Smarting under the wrong done him, Labeo declined the office when it was offered to him in a subsequent year. From this time he seems to have devoted his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Javolenus Priscus
Gaius Octavius Tidius Tossianus Lucius Javolenus Priscus was a Roman senator and jurist who flourished during the Flavian dynasty. Many of his judgments are quoted in the '' Digest''. Priscus served as suffect consul for the '' nundinium'' (period) September to December 86AD as the colleague of Aulus Bucius Lappius Maximus. Name The shorter version of his name is "Lucius Javolenus Priscus", or simply "Javolenus Priscus". His full name is known from , where the second praenomen is written inside the second O of ''Tossiaano'' (sic), leading Olli Salomies to suggest in his monograph on Imperial Roman naming practices that "Lucius" was "added at some later stage, perhaps erroneously".Salomies, ''Adoptive and polyonymous nomenclature in the Roman Empire'', (Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1992), p. 120 However, several inscriptions give his name as "Lucius Javolenus Priscus". Anthony Birley notes that his names "Javolenus, Tidius, and Tossianus all point to Umbria, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quintus Cervidius Scaevola
Quintus Cervidius Scaevola (fl. ) was a Roman jurist of the equestrian order. Both the ''Historia Augusta''''Historia Augusta'', "Marcus Antoninus Philosophus"11.10/ref> and the '' Tabula Banasitana'' attest that Scaevola was a member of Marcus Aurelius' ( AD 161–180) ''consilium'' or inner circle of advisors. Except that Papinian was his student, little more is known of Scaevola's life. Books Scaevola is credited with writing several works, from which excerpts have been preserved in Justinian's '' Digest'':Paul Jörs"Cervidius 1" ''Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft The Pauly encyclopedias or the Pauly-Wissowa family of encyclopedias, are a set of related encyclopedias on Greco-Roman world, Greco-Roman classical studies, topics and scholarship. The first of these, or (1839–1852), was begun by compiler A ...'', Band III,2 (1899), Sp. 1988–1993 * ''Digesta'' in 40 books; while books 1-29 have ample extracts, there are few from the last 10, which l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herennius Modestinus
Herennius Modestinus, or simply Modestinus, was a civil servant and a celebrated Roman jurist, a student of Ulpian who flourished about 250 AD. He appears to have been a native of one of the Greek-speaking provinces, or probably Dalmatia. Possibly from 223 to 225 AD he was secretary ''a libellis'' under Emperor Alexander Severus, and about 228 he was '' praefectus vigilum''. In Valentinian's '' Law of Citations'' he is classed with Papinian, Paulus, Gaius and Ulpian, as one of the five jurists whose recorded views were considered decisive. He is considered to be the last great jurist of the classic age of Roman law. He is mentioned in a rescript of Gordian III in the year 240 in connection with a responsum which he gave to the party to whom the rescript was addressed. No fewer than 345 passages in the ''Digest'' of the ''Corpus Juris Civilis The ''Corpus Juris'' (or ''Iuris'') ''Civilis'' ("Body of Civil Law") is the modern name for a collection of fundamental wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
