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Judicial Research And Training Institute
The Supreme Court of Korea () is the highest ordinary court in the judicial branch of South Korea, seated in Seocho, Seoul. Established under Chapter 5 of the Constitution of South Korea, the court has ultimate and comprehensive jurisdiction over all cases except those falling under the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Korea. It consists of 14 justices, including the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Korea. In 2025, President Lee Jae-myung added 16 more seats to the court. The Supreme Court sits atop all ordinary courts in South Korea and has traditionally represented the conventional judiciary of South Korea. The Supreme Court of Korea is one of the two apex courts in South Korea, the other being the Constitutional Court of Korea. History The original constitution during the First Republic established 'Supreme Court' and 'Constitutional Committee' () in Chapter 5. The Supreme Court was established as the highest ordinary court but lacked the power of cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seocho District
Seocho District () is one of the 25 districts which make up the city of Seoul, South Korea. Seocho is a part of the Gangnam region, along with the Gangnam district of Seoul. Seocho District ranks as one of the richest neighborhoods in South Korea and among the most expensive areas in Seoul with an average sales price of 47.75 million South Korean won per 3.3 square meters. Many of the wealthiest residents are concentrated in the three Gangnam districts including Seocho, known as Gangnam School District Eight (). Seocho District was established by Gangnam District in 1988, yet remains significantly connected to Gangnam and it is itself in terms of administration, geography, society, and economics. The name 'Seocho District' itself is derived from Seocho-dong, where Gangnam station is located, which was originally under Gangnam District's jurisdiction. Consequently, the term 'Gangnam' is essentially shared between Gangnam District and Seocho District. Key commercial areas of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judicial Independence
Judicial independence is the concept that the judiciary should be independent from the other branches of government. That is, courts should not be subject to improper influence from the other branches of government or from private or partisan interests. Judicial independence is important for the idea of separation of powers. Different countries deal with the idea of judicial independence through different means of judicial selection, that is, choosing judges. One method seen as promoting judicial independence is by granting life tenure or long tenure for judges, as it would ideally free them to decide cases and make rulings according to the rule of law and judicial discretion, even if those decisions are politically unpopular or opposed by powerful interests. This concept can be traced back to 18th-century England. In some countries, the ability of the judiciary to check the legislature is enhanced by the power of judicial review. This power can be used, for example, by manda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Republic Of Korea
The Fourth Republic of Korea () was the government of South Korea from November 1972 to February 1981. The Fourth Republic was founded on the approval of the Yushin Constitution in the 1972 South Korean constitutional referendum, 1972 constitutional referendum, codifying the ''de facto'' dictatorial powers held by President Park Chung Hee, and succeeding the Third Republic of Korea, Third Republic. Park and his Democratic Republican Party (South Korea), Democratic Republican Party ruled under the centralized and authoritarian Yushin System until the assassination of Park Chung Hee, assassination of Park on 26 October 1979. The Fourth Republic entered a period of political instability under Park's successor, Choi Kyu-hah, and the escalating martial law declared after Park's death. Choi was unofficially overthrown by Chun Doo-hwan in the coup d'état of December Twelfth in December 1979, and began the armed suppression of the Gwangju Uprising against martial law. Chun launched the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Republic Of Korea
The Third Republic of Korea () was the government of South Korea from 17 December 1963 to 21 November 1972. The Third Republic was founded on the dissolution of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction that overthrew the Second Republic and established a military government in May 1961. Park Chung Hee, the Chairman of the Supreme Council, was elected President of South Korea in the 1963 presidential election. The Third Republic was presented as a return to civilian government under the National Assembly but in practice was a dictatorship under Park, Supreme Council members, and the Democratic Republican Party. The Third Republic prioritized South Korea's economic development, anti-communism, and strengthening ties with the United States and Japan. Park was re-elected in the 1967 presidential election, and the National Assembly passed a constitutional amendment to allow him to seek a third term, and he was re-elected in the 1971 presidential election. Park declared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Council For National Reconstruction
The Supreme Council for National Reconstruction () was the ruling military junta of South Korea from May 1961 to December 1963. The Supreme Council overthrew the Second Republic of Korea in the May 16 coup in May 1961 and established a provisional military government composing largely of officers who were involved in or supportive of the coup. The Supreme Council was headed by the chairman, the '' de facto'' head of government with dictatorial powers, while President Yun Posun was retained as a figurehead. The Supreme Council prioritized South Korea's economic development and political stability, suspending the National Assembly and most political freedoms, and founding the Korean Central Intelligence Agency to combat pro-North Korean and other anti-government activity. Park Chung Hee served as Chairman of the Supreme Council from July 1961 until his victory in the 1963 South Korean presidential election, and the Supreme Council was dissolved upon the inauguration of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Republic Of Korea
The Second Republic of Korea () was the government of South Korea from June 1960 to May 1961. The Second Republic was founded months after the April Revolution mass protests against President Syngman Rhee, succeeding the First Republic of Korea, First Republic and establishing a parliamentary system, parliamentary government under President Yun Posun and Prime Minister Chang Myon. The Second Republic ended Rhee's authoritarianism and political repression, repression, formed a liberal democracy, and formulated the first Five-Year Plans of South Korea, Five-Year Plans to develop the formerly neglected economy. After thirteen months it was overthrown by the Republic of Korea Army, South Korean Army in the May 16 coup led by Park Chung Hee. The Second Republic was replaced by a provisional government, provisional military government under the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, leading to the Third Republic of Korea. The short-lived Second Republic was the only Parliamentary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May 16 Coup
The May 16 military coup d'état () was a military coup d'état in South Korea in 1961, organized and carried out by Park Chung Hee and his allies who formed the Military Revolutionary Committee, nominally led by Army Chief of Staff Chang Do-yong after the latter's acquiescence on the day of the coup. The coup rendered powerless the democratically elected government of Prime Minister Chang Myon and President Yun Posun, and ended the Second Republic, installing a reformist military Supreme Council for National Reconstruction effectively led by Park, who took over as chairman after Chang's arrest in July. The coup was instrumental in bringing to power a new developmentalist elite and in laying the foundations for the rapid industrialization of South Korea under Park's leadership, but its legacy is controversial for the suppression of democracy and civil liberties it entailed, and the purges enacted in its wake. Termed the "May 16 Military Revolution" by Park and his alli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Park Chung Hee
Park Chung Hee (; ; November14, 1917October26, 1979) was a South Korean politician and army officer who served as the third president of South Korea from 1962 after he seized power in the May 16 coup of 1961 until Assassination of Park Chung Hee, his assassination in 1979. His regime oversaw a period of intense economic growth and transformation, making him one of the most consequential leaders in Korean history, although his legacy as a military dictator continues to cause controversy. Before his presidency, Park was the second-highest-ranking officer in the South Korean army. His coup brought an end to the interim Second Republic of Korea. After serving for two years as chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, military junta, he was 1963 South Korean presidential election, elected president in 1963, ushering in the Third Republic of Korea, Third Republic. A firm Anti-communism, anti-communist, he continued to maintain close ties with the United States, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April Revolution
The April Revolution (), also called the April 19 Revolution or April 19 Movement, were mass protests in South Korea against President Syngman Rhee and the First Republic from April 11 to 26, 1960, which led to Rhee's resignation. Protests opposing Rhee were started by student and labor groups in the southeastern port city of Masan on April 11. The protests were triggered by the discovery of the body of a local high school student killed by police during demonstrations against rigged elections in March. Popular discontent had arisen due to Rhee's autocratic rule, corruption, use of violence against political opposition, and uneven development of South Korea. The Masan discovery led to large student protests in Seoul, which were violently suppressed; a total of 186 people were killed during the two weeks of protest. Rhee resigned on April 26 before fleeing to exile in the United States, and was replaced by Yun Posun, beginning the transition to the Second Republic of Sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judicial Murder
Judicial murder is the intentional and premeditated killing of an innocent person by means of capital punishment; therefore, it is a subset of wrongful execution. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' describes it as "death inflicted by process of law, capital punishment, esp. considered to be unjust or cruel". Judicial murder is not to be confused with judicial homicide, which may include the carrying out of capital punishment. Example An early case in which charges of judicial murder were raised was the Amboyna massacre in 1623, which caused a legal dispute between the English and Dutch governments over the conduct of a court in the Dutch East Indies that had ordered the execution of ten English men accused of treason. The dispute centered around differing interpretations of the legal jurisdiction of the court in question. The English believed that this court had not been competent to try and execute these East India Company members, and so believed the executions to have been fund ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Revolutionary Party Incident
The People's Revolutionary Party Incidents were legal cases in which the South Korean government accused individuals of socialism, socialist or left inclinations according to the Anti-communism Law in 1965 (the First Incident) and National Security Act (South Korea), National Security Law in 1975 (the Second Incident). On 23 January 2007 the South Korean law, District Court of Central Seoul found the defendants not guilty in regards to the accused violations of the Emergency Presidential Acts, National Security Act (South Korea), National Security Act, preparation and conspiracy of civil war, and the Anti-communism law. The first incident The first incident occurred on 14 August 1965. The National Intelligence Service (South Korea), Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA) claimed Do Ye-jong (도예종, 都禮鐘), Yang Choon-woo (양춘우, 楊春遇), Park Hyun-chae (박현채) and ten other individuals organized the People's Revolutionary Party (South Korea), People's Revoluti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cho Bong-am
Cho Bong-am (, 25 September 1898 – 31 July 1959) was a Korean socialist independence activist and politician, who ran for president in the South Korean presidential election in 1956. He was a founding member of the Communist Party of Korea () and the Progressive Party (), a moderate socialist democratic party in South Korea which was one of the country's major political forces. In 1919, Cho Bong-am participated in March 1st Movement and was imprisoned for the duration of one year. Cho Bong-am studied in Japan and the Soviet Union. In the 1920s, he was active in the Korean Communist Party. After Japanese rule, Cho left the Communist Party in 1946, criticising it for its subservience to the Soviet Union. After the end of the United States Army Military Government in Korea in 1947, Cho became the Minister of Agriculture under Syngman Rhee's presidency. In 1952, Cho ran for the presidency for the first time against sitting president Rhee, and Yi Si-yeong. He received only 0 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
