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Iranian Hunter-gatherers
The term Iranian hunter-gatherers or Neolithic Iranians, sometimes also "East Meta", is used to refer to a population genomics lineage representing the Mesolithic to early Neolithic population of the Iranian plateau, South-central Asia, South-Central Asia and the Caucasus. The Iranian hunter-gatherer lineage is represented by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and later Neolithic herders and early farmers in present-day Iran, such as remains excavated from the Hotu and Kamarband Caves and Ganj Dareh, as well as Wezmeh. A deeply diverged sister branch (> 12kya) best represented by remains from Shahr-i-Sokhta, formed the dominant ancestry component of the Indus Valley Civilisation in Northwestern India, which was mixed with a local East Eurasian component termed Ancient Ancestral South Indian (AASI). The Iranian hunter-gatherers also represent an important source for the formation of the History of Central Asia, Central Asian gene pool, primarily via the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Population Genomics
Population genomics is the large-scale comparison of DNA sequences of populations. Population genomics is a neologism that is associated with population genetics. Population genomics studies genome-wide effects to improve our understanding of microevolution so that we may learn the phylogenetic history and demography of a population.Luikart, G.; England, P. R.; Tallmon, D.; Jordan S.; Taberlet P. (2003). "The Power and Promise of Population Genomics: From Genotyping to Genome Typing". ''Nature Reviews'' (4): 981-994 History Population genomics has been of interest to scientists since Darwin. Some of the first methods used for studying genetic variability at multiple loci included gel electrophoresis and restriction enzyme mapping. Previously genomics was restricted to only the study of a low amount of loci. However recent advancements in sequencing and computer storage and power have allowed for the study of hundreds of thousands of loci from populations. Analysis of this data requ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Plateau
The Iranian plateau or Persian plateau is a geological feature spanning parts of the Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia, and West Asia. It makes up part of the Eurasian plate, and is wedged between the Arabian plate and the Indian plate. The plateau is situated between the Zagros Mountains to the west, the Caspian Sea and the Köpet Dag to the north, the Armenian Highlands and the Caucasus Mountains to the northwest, the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf to the south, and the Indian subcontinent to the southeast. As a historical region, it includes Parthia, Media, Persis, and some of the previous territories of Greater Iran."Old Iranian Online" , University of Texas College of Liberal Arts (retrieved 10 February 2007) The Zagros form the plateau's western boundary, and its eastern slopes may also be in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganj Dareh Site
Ganj may refer to: *Shah Jo Risalo, a poetry book written by Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai of Sindh *Cannabis (drug) * Ganj, Afghanistan * Ganj, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran * Ganj, Hormozgan, Iran *Ganj-e Besiar, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran Place name suffix * Ganj: originally meaning "treasure" in Middle Persian and Modern Persian, now a common suffix/prefix meaning "treasured place" or "neighbourhood" in Hindi, Bengali and Urdu, used in names of bazaar, mandi, store, market place and towns in India, Bangladesh and Nepal. Some examples of place names which include the -ganj suffix are: ** Babuganj, Barisal, Bangladesh ** Badarganj, Rangpur, Bangladesh ** Bakerganj, Barisal, Bangladesh ** Baksiganj, Jamalpur, Bangladesh ** Birganj, Dinajpur, Bangladesh ** Birgunj, Parsa, Nepal ** Bochaganj, Dinajpur, Bangladesh ** Daryaganj, India ** Debiganj, Panchagarh, Bangladesh ** Dewanganj, Jamalpur, Bangladesh ** Forbesganj, India ** Gauriganj, India ** Ghale ganj, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hotu Cave, Upper Entry
Hotu may refer to: * Hotu Matu'a, legendary first settler of Easter Island * The Yellow River Map The acronym HOTU may stand for: * Home of the Underdogs Home of the Underdogs (often called HotU) is an abandonware archive founded by Sarinee Achavanuntakul, in October 1998. Before shutting down the original version in 2009, the site provided reviews for over 5,300 games and offered downloads of so ..., an abandonware website * '' Neverwinter Nights: Hordes of the Underdark'', an expansion pack for the computer game ''Neverwinter Nights'' {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gumuz People
The Gumuz (also spelled Gumaz and Gumz) are an ethnic group speaking a Nilo-Saharan language inhabiting the Benishangul-Gumuz Region in western Ethiopia, as well as the Fazogli region in Sudan. They speak the Gumuz language, which belongs to the Nilo-Saharan languages, Nilo-Saharan family. The Gumuz number around 250,000 individuals. History The Gumuz have traditionally been grouped with other Nilotic peoples living along the Sudanese-Ethiopian border under the collective name Shanqella (Pankhurst 1977). As "Shanquella", they are already mentioned by Scottish explorer James Bruce in his ''Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile'', published in 1790. He notes that they hunted with bows and arrows, a custom that survives today. Most Gumuz members live in a bush-savanna lowland environment. According to their traditions, in earlier times they inhabited the western parts of the province of Gojjam, but were progressively banished to the inhospitable area of the Blue Nile and its tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onge
The Onge (also Önge, Ongee, and Öñge) are an Andamanese ethnic group, indigenous to the Andaman Islands in Southeast Asia at the Bay of Bengal, India. They are traditionally hunter-gatherers and fishers, but also practice plant cultivation. They are designated as a Scheduled Tribe of India. History In the 18th century the Onge were distributed across Little Andaman Island and the nearby islands, with some territory and camps established on Rutland Island and the southern tip of South Andaman Island. After they encountered British colonial officers, friendly relations were established with the British Empire in the 1800s through Lieutenant Archibald Blair. British naval officer M. V. Portman described them as the "mildest, most timid, and inoffensive" group of Andamanese people he had encountered. By the end of the 19th century they sometimes visited the South and North Brother Islands to catch sea turtles; at the time, those islands seemed to be the boundary betwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Purifying Selection
In natural selection, negative selection or purifying selection is the selective removal of alleles that are deleterious. This can result in stabilising selection through the purging of deleterious genetic polymorphisms that arise through random mutations. Purging of deleterious alleles can be achieved on the population genetics level, with as little as a single point mutation being the unit of selection. In such a case, carriers of the harmful point mutation have fewer offspring each generation, reducing the frequency of the mutation in the gene pool. In the case of strong negative selection on a locus, the purging of deleterious variants will result in the occasional removal of linked variation, producing a decrease in the level of variation surrounding the locus under selection. The incidental purging of non-deleterious alleles due to such spatial proximity to deleterious alleles is called background selection. This effect increases with lower mutation rate but decreases w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principal Component Analysis
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a linear dimensionality reduction technique with applications in exploratory data analysis, visualization and data preprocessing. The data is linearly transformed onto a new coordinate system such that the directions (principal components) capturing the largest variation in the data can be easily identified. The principal components of a collection of points in a real coordinate space are a sequence of p unit vectors, where the i-th vector is the direction of a line that best fits the data while being orthogonal to the first i-1 vectors. Here, a best-fitting line is defined as one that minimizes the average squared perpendicular distance from the points to the line. These directions (i.e., principal components) constitute an orthonormal basis in which different individual dimensions of the data are linearly uncorrelated. Many studies use the first two principal components in order to plot the data in two dimensions and to visually identi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natufians
The Natufian culture ( ) is an archaeological culture of the late Epipalaeolithic Near East in West Asia from 15–11,500 Before Present. The culture was unusual in that it supported a sedentary or semi-sedentary population even before the introduction of agriculture. Natufian communities may be the ancestors of the builders of the region's first Neolithic settlements, which may have been the earliest in the world. Some evidence suggests deliberate cultivation of cereals, specifically rye, by the Natufian culture at Tell Abu Hureyra, the site of the earliest evidence of agriculture in the world. The world's oldest known evidence of the production of bread-like foodstuff has been found at Shubayqa 1, a 14,400-year-old site in Jordan's northeastern desert, 4,000 years before the emergence of agriculture in Southwest Asia. In addition, the oldest known evidence of possible beer-brewing, dating to approximately 13,000 BP, was found in Raqefet Cave on Mount Carmel, although t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient North Eurasians
In archaeogenetics, the term Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) refers to an ancestral component that represents the lineage of the people of the Mal'ta–Buret' culture () and populations closely related to them, such as the Upper Paleolithic individuals from Afontova Gora in Siberia. Genetic studies also revealed that the ANE are closely related to the remains of the preceding Yana culture (), which were dubbed as Ancient North Siberians (ANS), and which either are directly ancestral to the ANE, or both being closely related sister lineages. The ANE/ANS lineages both derive their ancestry from an admixture event between 'Ancient West Eurasians' (best represented by Upper Paleolithic Europeans such as Kostenki-14, c. 38,000 BP) and 'Ancient East Eurasians' (best represented by the Tianyuan man, c. 39,000 BP) during the Upper Paleolithic period. Around 20,000 to 25,000 years ago, a branch of Ancient North Eurasian people mixed with Ancient East Asians, which led to the emerge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
