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Interdisciplinary Group Of Independent Experts
The Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts (Grupo Interdisciplinario de Expertos Independientes, GIEI) is the title shared by a series of committees of human rights experts appointed by the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights to investigate particular incidents or scenarios of human rights violations. The instances of the Group so far are: * Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts for the Ayotzinapa Case * Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts for Nicaragua, created July 2018 * Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts for Bolivia, examining human rights abuses during the Bolivian political crisis from September to December 2019 In July 2017, a study was published explaining how at least 19 experts were infected by israeli spyware Pegasus whilst investigating the mass disappearance of 43 mexican students in Iguala, the largest human rights scandal in modern Mexican history. The infection took place during 2016. Ayotzinapa case The Interdiscip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inter-American Commission On Human Rights
The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (the IACHR or, in the three other official languages Spanish, French, and Portuguese language, Portuguese CIDH, ''Comisión Interamericana de los Derechos Humanos'', ''Commission Interaméricaine des Droits de l'Homme'', ''Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos'') is an autonomous organ of the Organization of American States (OAS). The separate Inter-American Court of Human Rights is an autonomous judicial institution based in the city of San José, Costa Rica. Together the Court and the Commission make up the human rights protection system of the OAS. Composition IACHR is a permanent body based in Washington, D.C., United States. It holds regular and special sessions throughout the year to review human rights complaints in the Americas. The Commission’s mandate is based on three key documents: the Charter of the Organization of American States (OAS), the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, and the Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interdisciplinary Group Of Independent Experts For The Ayotzinapa Case
The Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts (Grupo Interdisciplinario de Expertos Independientes, GIEI) is the title shared by a series of committees of human rights experts appointed by the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights to investigate particular incidents or scenarios of human rights violations. The instances of the Group so far are: * Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts for the Ayotzinapa Case * Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts for Nicaragua, created July 2018 * Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts for Bolivia, examining human rights abuses during the Bolivian political crisis from September to December 2019 In July 2017, a study was published explaining how at least 19 experts were infected by israeli spyware Pegasus whilst investigating the mass disappearance of 43 mexican students in Iguala, the largest human rights scandal in modern Mexican history. The infection took place during 2016. Ayotzinapa case The Interdisc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interdisciplinary Group Of Independent Experts For Bolivia
The Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts for Bolivia (Grupo Interdisciplinario de Expertos Independientes—Bolivia, GIEI) is a committee of jurists and human rights experts created by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) to carry out a parallel investigation of human rights violations during the 2019 Bolivian political crisis, covering the period from 1 September 2019 to 31 December 2019. The group was established following discussions between the IACHR and the interim Bolivian government led by Jeanine Áñez in December 2019, and an agreement between the two in January 2020. Its four members were appointed on 23 January 2020. The Group was supported by a five-member technical team and the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team (Equipo Argentino de Antropología Forense). The Group began its work in Bolivia on 23 November 2020 and issued its final report on 23 July 2021. The GIEI was granted 6 months to conduct their investigation. However, as a result of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2019 Bolivian Political Crisis
The 2019 Bolivian political crisis was a period of intense political upheaval and unrest in Bolivia that followed the disputed 2019 Bolivian general election, in which incumbent President Evo Morales was initially declared the winner. Morales had run for a controversial fourth term despite having recently lost a constitutional referendum to remove presidential term limits. His bid for reelection was enabled after the Supreme Court then struck down the term limits. The election and the results were heavily contested, with protests occurring across the country as the opposition and many sectors of society alleged that the vote count was manipulated to favor Morales. Suspicions of fraud were first sparked by a sudden an unexplained 24-hour long halt in the vote count in the hours following the election. Morales then initially declared victory, but in the face of growing protests eventually proposed holding a runoff election. However, the military and the police of Bolivia, alo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spyware
Spyware (a portmanteau for spying software) is any malware that aims to gather information about a person or organization and send it to another entity in a way that harms the user by violating their privacy, endangering their device's security, or other means. This behavior may be present in other malware and in legitimate software. Websites may engage in spyware behaviors like web tracking. Hardware devices may also be affected. Spyware is frequently associated with advertising and involves many of the same issues. Because these behaviors are so common, and can have non-harmful uses, providing a precise definition of spyware is a difficult task. History As personal computers and broadband connections became more common, the use of the internet for e-commerce transactions rose. Early retailers included book dealer Amazon.com and CD retailer CDNOW.com, which both were founded in 1994. As competition over customers intensified, some e-commerce companies turned to questi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pegasus (spyware)
Pegasus is spyware developed by the Israeli cyber-arms company NSO Group that is designed to be covertly and remotely installed on mobile phones running iOS and Android. While NSO Group markets Pegasus as a product for fighting crime and terrorism, governments around the world have routinely used the spyware to surveil journalists, lawyers, political dissidents, and human rights activists. The sale of Pegasus licenses to foreign governments must be approved by the Israeli Ministry of Defense. As of September 2023, Pegasus operators were able to remotely install the spyware on iOS versions through 16.6 using a zero-click exploit. While the capabilities of Pegasus may vary over time due to software updates, Pegasus is generally capable of reading text messages, call snooping, collecting passwords, location tracking, accessing the target device's microphone and camera, and harvesting information from apps. The spyware is named after Pegasus, the winged horse of Greek mytho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguala Mass Kidnapping
On September 26, 2014, forty-three male students from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers' College disappeared after being forcibly abducted in Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico, in what has been called one of Mexico’s most infamous human rights cases. They were allegedly taken into custody by local police officers from Iguala and Cocula in collusion with organised crime, with later evidence implicating the Mexican Army. Officials have concluded there is no indication the students are alive, but as of 2025, only three students' remains have been identified and their deaths confirmed. While tens of thousands have gone missing during the Mexican drug war, the 43 missing have become a ''cause célèbre'' due to the persistent activism and demands for an explanation by their parents and relatives. Official obstacles put in the way of independent investigations of the case have also provoked social unrest and international protests including protests leading to the resignation of the gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers' College
Raúl Isidro Burgos Rural Normal School, commonly known as the Ayotzinapa Rural Normal School, is a men's normal school, located in the municipality of Tixtla, Guerrero, Mexico. The school is part of the rural teacher's education system that was created as part of an ambitious mass education plan implemented by the state in the 1920s. Moisés Sáenz was the head of the Secretariat of Public Education at the time of the school's creation. The project for rural teachers' normal schools had a strong component of social transformation, which has made it a hotbed for social movements. In that sense, Ayotzinapa Rural Normal School is where important figures such as Lucio Cabañas Barrientos and Genaro Vázquez Rojas were educated and later on led important guerrilla movements in the state of Guerrero during the 20th century. Education The Rural Isidro Burgos Rural Normal School offers licensing to students that want to work in the elementary education system. The school is regu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguala
Iguala (), known officially as Iguala de la Independencia, is a historic city located from the state capital of Chilpancingo, in the Mexican state of Guerrero in southwestern Mexico. Geography The city of Iguala stands on Federal Highway 95 about SSW of Mexico City. Iguala is the municipal seat of the Municipality of Iguala de la Independencia, located in the north-central part of the state. The city had a 2005 census population of 110,390 and the municipality 128,444. The area of the municipality is . The city is the third-largest community in Guerrero, after Acapulco and Chilpancingo. History General Vicente Guerrero was the first military leader to swear allegiance to the Mexican flag in Acatempan, on March 12, 1821. On February 24, the Plan de Iguala had been signed by Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero, ending the long Mexican War of Independence. Gaining independence from Spain was represented by the first national flag, known as the Flag of the Three Gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guerrero
Guerrero, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guerrero, is one of the 32 states that compose the administrative divisions of Mexico, 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Guerrero, 85 municipalities. The state has a population of about 3.5 million people. It is located in southwest Mexico and is bordered by the states of Michoacán to the north and west, the State of Mexico and Morelos to the north, Puebla to the northeast and Oaxaca to the east. In addition to the capital city, Chilpancingo and the largest city Acapulco, other cities in Guerrero include Petatlán, Ciudad Altamirano, Guerrero, Ciudad Altamirano, Taxco, Iguala, Ixtapa, and Zihuatanejo. Today, it is home to a number of indigenous communities, including the Nahuas, Mixtecs, Tlapanec people, Tlapanecs, Amuzgos, and formerly Cuitlatec people, Cuitlatecs. It is also home to communities of Afro-Mexicans in the Costa Chica of Guerrero, Costa Chica region. The state was named after Vic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Human Rights Organizations
International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The Three Degrees album), 1975 *''International'', 2018 album by L'Algérino Songs * The Internationale, the left-wing anthem * "International" (Chase & Status song), 2014 * "International", by Adventures in Stereo from ''Monomania'', 2000 * "International", by Brass Construction from ''Renegades'', 1984 * "International", by Thomas Leer from ''The Scale of Ten'', 1985 * "International", by Kevin Michael from ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * "International", by McGuinness Flint from ''McGuinness Flint'', 1970 * "International", by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark from '' Dazzle Ships'', 1983 * "International (Serious)", by Estelle from '' All of Me'', 2012 Politics * Internationalism (politics) * Political internationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
