Hydrangea Macrophylla
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Hydrangea Macrophylla
''Hydrangea macrophylla'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ... Hydrangeaceae, native plant, native to Japan. It is a deciduous shrub growing to tall by broad with large heads of pink or blue flowers in summer and autumn. Common names include bigleaf hydrangea, French hydrangea, lacecap hydrangea, mophead hydrangea, penny mac and hortensia. It is widely cultivated in many parts of the world in many climates. It is not to be confused with ''Hydrangea aspera, H. aspera'' 'Macrophylla'. Description The term ''macrophylla'' means large- or long-leaved. The opposite leaves can grow to in length. They are simple, membranous, orbicular to elliptic and acuminate. They are generally serrated. The inflorescence of ''Hydrange ...
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Hydrangeaceae
Hydrangeaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Cornales, with a wide distribution in Asia and North America, and locally in southeastern Europe. Description The genera are characterised by leaves in opposite pairs (rarely whorled or alternate), and regular, bisexual flowers with 4 (rarely 5–12) petals. The fruit is a capsule or berry containing several seeds, the seeds with a fleshy endosperm. Genera The following genera are accepted: *''Carpenteria'' Torr. *'' Deutzia'' Thunb. *''Fendlera'' Engelm. & A.Gray *''Fendlerella'' A.Heller *''Hydrangea'' Gronov. ex L. *''Jamesia'' Torr. & A.Gray *''Kirengeshoma'' Yatabe *'' Philadelphus'' L. *''Whipplea ''Whipplea'' is a monotypic genus containing the single species ''Whipplea modesta'', which is known by several common names including common whipplea, yerba de selva, and modesty. It is a dicot shrub or sub-shrub in the Hydrangeaceae family, na ...'' Torr. Phylogeny The family Hydrangeaceae has two subfamili ...
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Carl Peter Thunberg
Carl Peter Thunberg, also known as Karl Peter von Thunberg, Carl Pehr Thunberg, or Carl Per Thunberg (11 November 1743 – 8 August 1828), was a Swedish naturalist and an "apostle" of Carl Linnaeus. After studying under Linnaeus at Uppsala University, he spent seven years travelling in southern Africa and Asia, collecting and describing many plants and animals new to European science, and observing local cultures. He has been called "the father of South African botany", "pioneer of Occidental Medicine in Japan", and the "Japanese Linnaeus". Early life Thunberg was born and grew up in Jönköping, Sweden. At the age of 18, he entered Uppsala University where he was taught by Carl Linnaeus, regarded as the "father of modern taxonomy". Thunberg graduated in 1767 after 6 years of studying. To deepen his knowledge in botany, medicine and natural history, he was encouraged by Linnaeus in 1770 to travel to Paris and Amsterdam. In Amsterdam and Leiden Thunberg met the Dutch bota ...
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Flower Pigment
Biological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes, are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. Biological pigments include plant pigments and flower pigments. Many biological structures, such as skin, eyes, feathers, fur and hair contain pigments such as melanin in specialized cells called chromatophores. In some species, pigments accrue over very long periods during an individual's lifespan. Pigment color differs from structural color in that it is the same for all viewing angles, whereas structural color is the result of selective reflection or iridescence, usually because of multilayer structures. For example, butterfly wings typically contain structural color, although many butterflies have cells that contain pigment as well. Biological pigments See conjugated systems for electron bond chemistry that causes these molecules to have pigment. * Heme/porphyrin-based: chlorophyll, bilirubin, hem ...
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Kaempferol
Kaempferol (3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonol, a type of flavonoid, found in a variety of plants and plant-derived foods including kale, beans, tea, spinach, and broccoli. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of . It is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in hot ethanol, ethers, and DMSO. Kaempferol is named for 17th-century German naturalist Engelbert Kaempfer.Kaempferol
at .com; retrieved October 20, 2017


Natural occurrence

Kaempferol is a secondary metabolite found in many plants, plant-derived foods, and traditional medicines. Its flavor is considered bitter.


In plants and food


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Thunberginol G
Thunberginol G is a dihydroisocoumarin found in ''Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium'', the processed leaves of ''Hydrangea macrophylla ''Hydrangea macrophylla'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of ... var. thunbergii''. References Dihydroisocoumarins Catechols 3-Hydroxypropenals {{aromatic-stub ...
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Thunberginol E
Thunberginol E is a dihydroisocoumarin found in ''Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium'', the processed leaves of ''Hydrangea macrophylla ''Hydrangea macrophylla'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of ... var. thunbergii''. References Dihydroisocoumarins Phenol ethers {{aromatic-stub ...
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Thunberginol D
Thunberginol D is a dihydroisocoumarin found in ''Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium'', the processed leaves of ''Hydrangea macrophylla ''Hydrangea macrophylla'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of ... var. thunbergii''. References Dihydroisocoumarins Catechols {{aromatic-stub ...
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Thunberginol C
Thunberginol C is a dihydroisocoumarin found in ''Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium'', the processed leaves of ''Hydrangea macrophylla ''Hydrangea macrophylla'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of ... var. thunbergii''. References Dihydroisocoumarins {{aromatic-stub ...
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Thunberginol B
Thunberginol B is an isocoumarin found in ''Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium'', the processed leaves of ''Hydrangea macrophylla ''Hydrangea macrophylla'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of ... var. thunbergii''. References Isocoumarins {{aromatic-stub ...
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Thunberginol F
Thunberginol F is a phthalide found in ''Hydrangea macrophylla ''Hydrangea macrophylla'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of ...''. References Catechols Lactones Phthalides 3-Hydroxypropenals {{phenol-stub ...
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Thunberginol A
Thunberginol A is an isocoumarin found in ''Hydrangea macrophylla ''Hydrangea macrophylla'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of ...'' and the herbal preparation ''hydrangeae dulcis folium'' which is produced from its leaves. References Isocoumarins {{phenol-stub ...
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Hydrangenol
Hydrangenol is a dihydroisocoumarin. It can be found in ''Hydrangea macrophylla ''Hydrangea macrophylla'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of ...'', as well as its 8-''O''-glucoside. (−)-Hydrangenol 4′-''O''-glucoside and (+)-hydrangenol 4′-''O''-glucoside can be found in Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium, the processed leaves of ''H. macrophylla'' var. ''thunbergii''. References Dihydroisocoumarins {{aromatic-stub ...
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