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Hong Kong One-cent Note
The one-cent banknote was the smallest denominated banknote issued in Hong Kong. They were issued by the government and were initially released on 30 May 1941 and printed by Noronha and Company Limited to provide small change because of a lack of coinage brought on by the Second World War. The first issue was 42 by 75 mm, the obverse was brown with a serial number of seven numbers with either no prefix or an A or B prefix. This side was mostly in English, except for "Government of Hong Kong" which was also in Chinese. The reverse was red and the denomination in English and Chinese. After the Japanese take over of Hong Kong the issue was replaced by the Japanese Military Yen. After the surrender of Japan in 1945, the dollar was reestablished as the currency, a uniside brown note with a portrait of the British monarch, and no serial numbers were ever found on the notes. However, over the years of printing there have been five different signatures from five Government Financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hong Kong Dollar
The Hong Kong dollar (, sign: HK$; code: HKD) is the official currency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It is subdivided into 100 cents or 1000 mils. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority is the monetary authority of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong dollar. Three commercial banks are licensed by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority to issue their own banknotes for general circulation in Hong Kong. These banks, HSBC, Bank of China, and Standard Chartered, issue their own designs of banknotes in denominations of HK$20, HK$50, HK$100, HK$150, HK$500, and HK$1000, with all designs being similar to one another in the same denomination of banknote. However, the HK$10 banknote and all coins are issued by the Government of Hong Kong. As of April 2019, the Hong Kong dollar is the ninth most traded currency in the world. Hong Kong uses a linked exchange rate system, trading since May 2005 in the range US$1:HK$7.75–7.85. Apart from its use in Hong Kong, the Hong Kong doll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Butters
Henry Robert Butters (11 April 1898 – 1 March 1985) was a Scottish colonial civil servant. He was the first Labour Officer of Hong Kong and Financial Secretary of Hong Kong from 1939 to 1941. Biography Butters was born in Glasgow, Scotland on 11 April 1898. He was educated at the Glasgow High School and won a scholarship to the Glasgow University in 1916. He joined the Eastern cadetship and was appointed to Hong Kong in 1922. He served as District Officer North, Assistant Secretary for Chinese Affairs, Deputy Clerk of Councils and Assistant Colonial Secretary. He was appointed police magistrate on five occasions in the New Territories, Kowloon and Hong Kong Island. He also took the law examinations and was called to the Bar at Gray's Inn. In 1934 Governor Sir William Peel singled him out for praise in the Legislative Council for his work on the budget. Butters was appointed by Sir Geoffry Northcote the first Labour Officer of Hong Kong when the Hong Kong government was under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King George VI
George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was also the last Emperor of India from 1936 until the British Raj was dissolved in August 1947, and the first Head of the Commonwealth following the London Declaration of 1949. The future George VI was born in the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria; he was named Albert at birth after his great-grandfather Albert, Prince Consort, and was known as "Bertie" to his family and close friends. His father ascended the throne as George V in 1910. As the second son of the king, Albert was not expected to inherit the throne. He spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother, Prince Edward, the heir apparent. Albert attended naval college as a teenager and served in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force during the First World War. In 1920, he was made Duke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamish Macleod
Sir Nathaniel William Hamish Macleod () was a Scottish civil servant in Hong Kong. MacLeod was the last Financial Secretary of Hong Kong with British descent. Early life In 1940, Macleod was born in Midlothian, Scotland. Career Macleod was Financial Secretary of Hong Kong from 1991 to 1995. Macleod also was the Secretary for Trade and Industry of Hong Kong from 1987 to 1989 and the Secretary for the Treasury of Hong Kong from 1989 to 1991. In 1991, Macleod was appointed as Financial Secretary of Hong Kong. Macleod succeeded Piers Jacobs. In August 1995, at age 55, MacLeod retired as Financial Secretary of Hong Kong. In 2003 Macleod was director and Chairman of JPMorgan Asian Investment Trust PLC. Personal life In 1997, Macleod returned to the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piers Jacobs
Sir Piers Jacobs (; 27 May 1933 – 23 September 1999) was Financial Secretary of Hong Kong from 1986 to 1991, a period that included the 1987 market crash, when he oversaw the closure of the stock exchange and notably refused to bail out the Bank of Credit and Commerce International. He also was Secretary for Economic Services from 1982 to 1986.Former finance chief Piers Jacobs dies of cancer South China Morning Post, 24 September 1999 A solicitor by profession, Jacobs held a number of senior corporate positions, including in later life: senior vice-chairman and director of , chairman and director of |
John Henry Bremridge
Sir John Henry Bremridge (彭勵治爵士), KBE, JP , retrieved 6 May 2006 (12 July 1925 – 6 May 1994) was from 1981 to 1986. He was the first Financial Secretary who was not a civil servant. Early life Bremridge was born in 1925 in Transvaal, in what was then the to British parents (his father was |
Philip Haddon-Cave
Sir Charles Philip Haddon-Cave, , (; 6 July 1925 – 27 September 1999) was a British colonial administrator. He was the Financial Secretary of Hong Kong from 1971 to 1981 and the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong from 1981 to 1985. During his tenure of Financial Secretary, he famously coined the term " positive non-interventionism" as its chief principle, which has long-lasting effect on Hong Kong and world's economic philosophy. Early life and government career Haddon-Cave was born in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia with his brother David and sister Pamela. He was educated at the University of Tasmania and King's College, Cambridge. He joined the British Colonial Service in 1952 was assigned to Kenya, British East Africa. In 1961, he was appointed Financial Secretary in the Seychelles. In 1963, he was transferred to work in the Hong Kong government, working in the Department of Trade and Industry. In 1965, he became the Director of Trade and Industry and was promoted Deputy Secretar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John James Cowperthwaite
Sir John James Cowperthwaite, KBE, CMG (; 25 April 1915 – 21 January 2006), was a British civil servant who served as Financial Secretary of Hong Kong from 1961 to 1971. His introduction of free market economic policies are widely credited with turning postwar Hong Kong into a thriving global financial centre. During Cowperthwaite's tenure as Financial Secretary, real wages in Hong Kong rose by 50% and the portion of the population in acute poverty fell from 50% to 15%. Early years Cowperthwaite was born on 25 April 1915 in Edinburgh to John Cowperthwaite, a surveyor of taxes, and Jessie Jarvis. He attended Merchiston Castle School in Edinburgh, Scotland, and later studied classics at St Andrews University and Christ's College, Cambridge. In 1940, he gained a first class degree in economics at St Andrews University on an accelerated one year degree programme with Professor James Nisbet. He joined the British Colonial Administrative Service as a Hong Kong Cadet in 1941, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Monarch
The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional form of government by which a hereditary sovereign reigns as the head of state of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies (the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Isle of Man) and the British Overseas Territories. The current monarch is King Charles III, who ascended the throne on 8 September 2022, upon the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II. The monarch and their immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial, diplomatic and representational duties. As the monarchy is constitutional, the monarch is limited to functions such as bestowing honours and appointing the prime minister, which are performed in a non-partisan manner. The sovereign is also able to comment on draft laws which directly affect the monarchy. The monarch is also Head of the British Armed Forces. Though the ultimate executive authority over the government is still f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor percentages of waxes, fats, pectins, and water. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, Egypt and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa. Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable, and durable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated to the fifth millennium BC have been found in the Indus Valley civilization, as well as fabric remnants dat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surrender Of Japan
The surrender of the Empire of Japan in World War II was announced by Emperor Hirohito on 15 August and formally signed on 2 September 1945, bringing the war's hostilities to a close. By the end of July 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) had become incapable of conducting major operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was imminent. Together with the United Kingdom and China, the United States called for the unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces in the Potsdam Declaration on 26 July 1945—the alternative being "prompt and utter destruction". While publicly stating their intent to fight on to the bitter end, Japan's leaders (the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War, also known as the "Big Six") were privately making entreaties to the publicly neutral Soviet Union to mediate peace on terms more favorable to the Japanese. While maintaining a sufficient level of diplomatic engagement with the Japanese to give them the impression they might ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Military Currency (1937–1945)
Japanese military currency (Chinese and Japanese: 日本軍用手票, also 日本軍票 in short) was money issued to the soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces as a salary. The military yen reached its peak during the Pacific War period, when the Japanese government excessively issued it to all of its occupied territories. In Hong Kong, the military yen was forced upon the local population as the sole official currency of the territory. Since the military yen was not backed by gold, and did not have a specific place of issuance, the military yen could not be exchanged for the Japanese yen. Forcing local populations to use the military yen officially was one of the ways the Japanese government could dominate the local economies. Currencies in territories occupied by Japan The territories controlled or occupied by Japan had many different currencies. Taiwan maintained its own banking system and bank notes after it came under Japanese sovereignty in 1895. The same is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
