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Grabos II
Grabus (also Grabos; grc-gre, Γράβος; ruled c. 358 – 356 BC) was an Illyrian king who reigned in southern Illyria in the 4th century BC. Biography According to a historical reconstruction, Grabus belonged to the Grabaei, an Illyrian tribe mentioned by Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD), although the tribe may have been incorporated into the Taulantii realm of which Grabus became king. It has been further conjectured that after Philip II of Macedon defeated Bardylis (c. 358 BC), the Grabaei, under Grabus, became the most powerful tribe in Illyria. In 356 BC, Athens formed an alliance with Grabus, Paeonian king Lyppeius, and Thracian king Cetriporis against Philip. Some months later the three northern kings were defeated by Philip's general Parmenion, while the Athenians were otherwise engaged in the Aegean Sea.Hammond, N. G. L., ''Philip of Macedon'', Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994, p. 33. See also * List of rulers of Illyria The Illyrians, ; la, Il ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic period (), and the Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Epic and Classical periods of the language. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regarded as a separate historical stage, although its earliest form closely resembles Attic Greek and its latest form approaches Medieval Greek. There were several regional dialects of Ancient Greek, of which Attic Greek developed into Koi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycceius
Lycceios, Lycpeios or Lyppeios (Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...: Λύκκειος, Λύκπειος or Λύππειος; ruled 356–340 BC) was an ancient Paeonian king who joined an anti-Macedonian coalition with Grabos II and Thrace in 356 BC. He was preceded to the throne by Agis and succeeded by Patraus.Percy Gardner, ''Catalogue of Greek Coins: Thessaly to Aetolia'', 2004, front matter: "... present to the money of Philip II of Macedon, and Lycceius and Audoleon, kings of Paeonia, that they must be given..." References {{Paionians Paeonian kings 4th-century BC rulers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th-century BC Rulers
The 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini/Common era) was the time period which lasted from 301 ( CCCI) through 400 ( CD). In the West, the early part of the century was shaped by Constantine the Great, who became the first Roman emperor to adopt Christianity. Gaining sole reign of the empire, he is also noted for re-establishing a single imperial capital, choosing the site of ancient Byzantium in 330 (over the current capitals, which had effectively been changed by Diocletian's reforms to Milan in the West, and Nicomedeia in the East) to build the city soon called Nova Roma (New Rome); it was later renamed Constantinople in his honor. The last emperor to control both the eastern and western halves of the empire was Theodosius I. As the century progressed after his death, it became increasingly apparent that the empire had changed in many ways since the time of Augustus. The two emperor system originally established by Diocletian in the previous century fell int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illyrian Royalty
Illyrian may refer to: *Illyria, the historical region on the Balkan Peninsula **Illyrians, an ancient tribe inhabiting Illyria **Illyrian languages, languages of ancient Illyrian tribes * Illyrian (South Slavic), a common name for 17th to 19th century South Slavic languages, the forerunner of Serbo-Croatian * Illyrian movement, cultural movement in 19th century Croatia *Illyricum (Roman province) *Illyrian Provinces, province of the First French Empire *Kingdom of Illyria (1816–49), crown land of Austria * HD 82886, a star officially named Illyrian in Leo Minor Arts and entertainment *Illyrians, a fictional race of humanoids, including the character Una Chin-Riley, in the ''Star Trek'' franchise See also * Illyria (other) * Illyrians (other) * Illyricum (other) * Illyricus (other) Illyricus may refer to: * Bogumil Vošnjak (1882–1955), a Slovene and Yugoslav jurist, politician, diplomat, author and legal historian * Matthias Flacius Illyr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Illyria
The Illyrians, ; la, Illyrii}) were a conglomeration of Indo-European peoples and tribes in the Balkan Peninsula, Southeastern Europe. They spoke the Illyrian language and practiced a multitude of common religious and cultural practices. Many of Illyrian groups formed a distinct tribal mode of social organisation, which survived much later in the form of the Albanian tribal system. In late Iron Age and early classical antiquity, the first polities of the area would be created by tribal groupings, including the Taulantii and Dardani. The most powerful Illyrian states of the area, the Ardiaean kingdom, emerged in the 3rd century BC during the rule of Agron and Teuta. The Illyrians came into conflict with Roman Republic and were defeated in the Illyrian Wars, which were followed by many revolts. The largest and last of them was the Great Illyrian Revolt (6-9 BC). The beginning of the integration of the region of Illyria in the Roman world followed the revolt and saw many Illyri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aegean Sea
The Aegean Sea ; tr, Ege Denizi (Greek: Αιγαίο Πέλαγος: "Egéo Pélagos", Turkish: "Ege Denizi" or "Adalar Denizi") is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans and Anatolia, and covers an area of some 215,000 square kilometres. In the north, the Aegean is connected to the Marmara Sea and the Black Sea by the straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus. The Aegean Islands are located within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes. The sea reaches a maximum depth of 2,639m to the west of Karpathos. The Thracian Sea and the Sea of Crete are main subdivisions of the Aegean Sea. The Aegean Islands can be divided into several island groups, including the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, the Sporades, the Saronic islands and the North Aegean Islands, as well as Crete and its surrounding islands. The Dodecanese, located to the southeast, includes the islands of R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmenion
Parmenion (also Parmenio; grc-gre, Παρμενίων; c. 400 – 330 BC), son of Philotas, was a Macedonian general in the service of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great. A nobleman, Parmenion rose to become Philip's chief military lieutenant and Alexander's Strategos (military general). He was assassinated after his son Philotas was convicted on a charge of treason. His siblings Asander and Agathon would also become prominent members of Alexander's Macedonia. Military service to Philip II During the reign of Philip II, Parmenion achieved a great victory over the Illyrians in 356 BC. Ten years later, Parmenion destroyed the southern Thessalian town of Halos. He was one of the Macedonian delegates appointed to conclude peace with Athens in 346 BC, and was sent with an army to oversee Macedonian influence in Euboea in 342 BC. In 336 BC Phillip II sent Parmenion, with Amyntas, Andromenes and Attalus, and an army of 10,000 men into Anatolia to make preparat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetriporis
Cetriporis ( el, Κετρίπορις, also known as Ketriporis, an anthroponym from the Thracian language) was a king of the Odrysian kingdom in western Thrace from c. 356 BC, in succession to his father Berisades, with whom he may already have been a co-ruler. He is most known for entering into an alliance with Athens, the Illyrians, and the Paeonians against Philip II of Macedonia in the summer of 356 BC, negotiated by his brother Mononius. As king, Cetriporis controlled only part of the Odrysian kingdom, the remainder being in the possession of the rival Odrysian kings Amadocus II and Cersobleptes. After his father died, Cetriporis and his brothers were in conflict with Cersobleptes, who had declared war and plotted with the mercenary general Charidemus to eliminate Cetriporis and Amadocus as rival kings. Around the same time he was part of the coalition against Philip; however, Philip defeated the coalition between 356 and 352 BC. Cetriporis himself appears to have been su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thracian
The Thracians (; grc, Θρᾷκες ''Thrāikes''; la, Thraci) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Eastern and Southeastern Europe in ancient history.. "The Thracians were an Indo-European people who occupied the area between northern Greece, southern Russia, and north-western Turkey. They shared the same language and culture... There may have been as many as a million Thracians, diveded among up to 40 tribes." Thracians resided mainly in the Balkans (mostly modern day Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece) but were also located in Anatolia (Asia Minor) and other locations in Eastern Europe. The exact origin of Thracians is unknown, but it is believed that proto-Thracians descended from a purported mixture of Proto-Indo-Europeans and Early European Farmers, arriving from the rest of Asia and Africa through the Asia Minor (Anatolia). The proto-Thracian culture developed into the Dacian, Getae, and several other smaller Thracian cultures. Thracian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paeonian
In antiquity, Paeonia or Paionia ( grc, Παιονία, Paionía) was the land and kingdom of the Paeonians or Paionians ( grc, Παίονες, Paíones). The exact original boundaries of Paeonia, like the early history of its inhabitants, are obscure, but it is known that it roughly corresponds to most of present-day North Macedonia and north-central parts of Greek Macedonia (i.e. probably the Greek municipalities of Paionia xcluding the village of Evropos">Evropos.html" ;"title="xcluding the village of Evropos">xcluding the village of Evropos Almopia, Sintiki, Irakleia, Serres, Irakleia, and Serres), and a small part of south-western Bulgaria. Ancient authors placed it south of Kingdom of Dardania, Dardania (an area corresponding to modern-day Kosovo and northern North Macedonia), west of the Thracian mountains, and east of the southernmost Illyrians. It was separated from Dardania by the mountains through which the Vardar river passes from the field of Scupi (modern Skopj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illyrians
The Illyrians ( grc, Ἰλλυριοί, ''Illyrioi''; la, Illyrii) were a group of Indo-European-speaking peoples who inhabited the western Balkan Peninsula in ancient times. They constituted one of the three main Paleo-Balkan populations, along with the Thracians and Greeks. The territory the Illyrians inhabited came to be known as Illyria to later Greek and Roman authors, who identified a territory that corresponds to most of Albania, Montenegro, Kosovo, much of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, western and central Serbia and some parts of Slovenia between the Adriatic Sea in the west, the Drava river in the north, the Morava river in the east and in the south the Aous (modern Vjosa) river or possibly the Ceraunian Mountains. The first account of Illyrian peoples dates back to the 6th century BC, in the works of the ancient Greek writer Hecataeus of Miletus. The name "Illyrians", as applied by the ancient Greeks to their northern neighbors, may have referred to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bardylis
Bardylis (also Bardyllis ; grc, Βάρδυλις; 448 – c. 358 BC) was an Illyrian king, and the founder of the first attested Illyrian dynasty. During his reign, Bardylis aimed to made Illyria a regional power interfering with Macedon. He united many southern Illyrian tribes under his realm and defeated the Macedonians and Molossians several times, expanding his dominion over Upper Macedonia and Lynkestis, and ruling over Macedon through a puppet king. Before the Rise of Macedon Illyrians were the dominant power in the region. Bardylis also led raids against Epirus, but his soldiers were eventually expelled from the region. Most scholars hold that the Illyrian kingdom that was established by Bardylis was centered along Lake Ohrid and east to the Prespa Lakes, which was called Dassaretis later in Roman times, located on the border between Macedon and Epirus.; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; . Illyrians, in particular under Bardylis' leadership, held a remarkable role in the developm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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