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Gabonese Presidential Election, 2016
Presidential elections were held in Gabon on 27 August 2016. Incumbent President Ali Bongo Ondimba ran for re-election and was challenged by former Minister of Foreign Affairs Jean Ping. On 31 August, the electoral commission proclaimed Bongo's re-election with a margin of less than two percent. Large protests broke out in the capital Libreville after the results were announced.Gabon election: Protests as Ali Bongo beats Jean Ping
Al Jazeera, 31 August 2016
Irregularities such as Haut-Ogoou showing that 99.9% of the electorate had voted and Bongo had received 95.5% of the votes led to observers questioning the conduct of the election.


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Ali Bongo Ondimba
Ali Bongo Ondimba (born Alain Bernard Bongo; 9 February 1959),"Bongo Ali", ''Gabon: Les hommes de pouvoir'', number 4Africa Intelligence 5 March 2002 . sometimes known as Ali Bongo, is a Gabonese politician who has been the third president of Gabon since October 2009. Ali Bongo is the son of Omar Bongo, who was President of Gabon from 1967 until his death in 2009. During his father's presidency, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1989 to 1991, represented Bongoville as a Deputy in the National Assembly of Gabon, National Assembly from 1991 to 1999, and was Minister of Defense from 1999 to 2009. After his father's death, he won the 2009 Gabonese presidential election."Bongo's son to be Gabon candidate in August poll"
AFP, 16 July 2009.
He was reelected in 2016 Ga ...
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Social Democratic Party (Gabon)
The Social Democratic Party (, PSD) is a political party in Gabon. It is part of the Presidential Majority coalition and is led by Pierre Claver Maganga Moussavou. History The PSD was established in 1991. Maganga Moussavou was nominated as its candidate for the 1993 presidential election, finishing fourth in a field of thirteen candidates with 3.6% of the vote. He ran again in the 1998 presidential election, this time finishing fifth out of the eight candidates with 1% of the vote. The party won a single seat in the National Assembly in the 2001 parliamentary election, and subsequently joined the Gabonese Democratic Party The Gabonese Democratic Party (french: Parti Démocratique Gabonais, abbreviated PDG), is the ruling and dominant political party of Gabon. Between 1968 and 1990 it was the sole legal party. History The party was established as the Gabonese Dem ... (PDG)-led government.Tom Lansford (2015) ''Political Handbook of the World 2015'', CQ Press It did not put ...
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Estuaire Province
Estuaire is the most populous of Gabon's nine provinces. It covers an area of 20,740 km. The provincial capital is Libreville, which is also Gabon's national capital. The province is named for the Gabon Estuary, which lies at the heart of the province. Estuaire is at the northwestern corner of Gabon, its western edge as the shores of the Gulf of Guinea. To the north, Estuaire borders the Republic of Equatorial Guinea: the Litoral Province in the northwest, and the Centro Sur Province in the northeast. Domestically, it borders the following provinces: * Woleu-Ntem – east * Moyen-Ogooué – south-southeast * Ogooué-Maritime – southwest Departments Estuaire is divided into 6 departments: * Komo Department ( Kango) * Komo-Mondah Department ( Ntoum) * Noya Department (Cocobeach Cocobeach is a town in northwestern Gabon, lying on the south bank of the Muni River. It is the capital of the Noya Department. It has a beach and is the main border town for Equatorial Guine ...
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Jean Ping 080202-F-1644L-081 0YWDF
Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * Jean Pierre Polnareff, a fictional character from ''JoJo's Bizarre Adventure'' Places * Jean, Nevada, USA; a town * Jean, Oregon, USA Entertainment * Jean (dog), a female collie in silent films * "Jean" (song) (1969), by Rod McKuen, also recorded by Oliver * ''Jean Seberg'' (musical), a 1983 musical by Marvin Hamlisch Other uses * JEAN (programming language) * USS ''Jean'' (ID-1308), American cargo ship c. 1918 * Sternwheeler Jean, a 1938 paddleboat of the Willamette River See also *Jehan * * Gene (other) * Jeanne (other) * Jehanne (other) * Jeans (other) * John (other) John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Te ...
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Ali Bongo Ondimba, 2012
ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب; 600 – 661 common era, CE) was the last of four Rashidun, Rightly Guided Caliphs to rule Islam (r. 656 – 661) immediately after the death of Muhammad, and he was the first Shia Imam. The issue of his succession caused a major rift between Muslims and divided them into Shia Islam, Shia and Sunni Islam, Sunni groups. Ali was assassinated in the Grand Mosque of Kufa in 661 by the forces of Mu'awiya I, Mu'awiya, who went on to found the Umayyad Caliphate. The Imam Ali Shrine and the city of Najaf were built around Ali's tomb and it is visited yearly by millions of devotees. Ali was a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, raised by him from the age of 5, and accepted his claim of divine revelation by age 11, being among the Chronological list of early Muslims, first to do so. Ali played a pivotal role in the early years of Islam while Muhammad was in Mecca and under severe persecution. After Muhammad's Hij ...
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Provinces Of Gabon
Gabon (; ; snq, Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (french: République gabonaise), is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. Located on the equator, it is bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo on the east and south, and the Gulf of Guinea to the west. It has an area of nearly and its population is estimated at million people. There are coastal plains, mountains (the Cristal Mountains and the Chaillu Massif in the centre), and a savanna in the east. Since its independence from France in 1960, the sovereign state of Gabon has had three presidents. In the 1990s, it introduced a multi-party system and a democratic constitution that aimed for a more transparent electoral process and reformed some governmental institutions. With petroleum and foreign private investment, it has the fourth highest HDI in the region (after Mauritius, Seychelles and South Africa) and the fifth highest GDP per capita (PPP) ...
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National Woodcutters' Rally – Rally For Gabon
The National Woodcutters Rally–Rally for Gabon (, RNB–RPG) is a political party in Gabon. History The party was established in 1990 as Movement for National Rectification–Woodcutters (''Mouvement de redressement national–Bûcherons'', MORENA–Bûcherons), a breakaway from the Movement for National Rectification. In the 1990 parliamentary elections it won 20 of the 120 seats in the National Assembly, becoming the largest opposition party. In February 1991 it was renamed "National Woodcutters Rally" (RNB).Tom Lansford (2015) ''Political Handbook of the World 2015'', CQ Press The RNB nominated Paul Mba Abessole as its candidate for the 1993 presidential elections; He finished second with 26.5% of the vote. Although it won a majority of the contested seats in the 1996 local elections, the party was reduced to seven seats in the 1996 parliamentary elections. However, the following year Mba Abessole was elected mayor of Libreville, where the RNB had a majority on the muni ...
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Pacôme Moubelet-Boubeya
Pacôme Moubelet-Boubeya (born 12 March 1963) is a Gabonese politician. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Gabon from 2020 to 2022, he previously served in the same role from 2016 to 2017. He also was Minister of the Interior from 2015 to 2016. Biography He was born in Bitam on 12 March 1963. In 1982, he earned a baccalauréat in Letters and philosophy at the lycée national Léon M'ba in Libreville. Later, he earned an MBA at Ealing College. From 2012 to 2015 he was Chief of Staff of the President of the Gabonese Democratic Party. He was named Minister of Education in 2015. As Minister of the Interior, Decentralization, and Public Security, he was responsible for explaining the rules of the 2016 presidential election to foreign observers. On August 30, 2016, he said of the presidential election, "any alleged result broadcast before, during or after the official proclamation is a lie and violation of the law." At the time of the post-election protests, he condemned ...
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Gabonese Democratic Party
The Gabonese Democratic Party (french: Parti Démocratique Gabonais, abbreviated PDG), is the ruling and dominant political party of Gabon. Between 1968 and 1990 it was the sole legal party. History The party was established as the Gabonese Democratic Bloc (''Bloc Démocratique Gabonais'', BDG) in 1953 as a merger of the Gabonese Mixed Committee and the Gabonese Democratic Party.Messi Me Nang Clotaire, N’Foule Mba Fabrice & Nnang Ndong Léon-ModestLe consensus politique au Gabon, de 1960 à nos jours In the 1957 Territorial Assembly elections it won eight seats, finishing behind the Gabonese Democratic and Social Union (UDSG), which had won 14 seats. However, the BDG was able to form a coalition government with the "Entente–Defence of Gabonese Interests" list, headed by one of its members, and five independents. The BGD and UDSG formed an alliance prior to the 1961 general elections, with BDG leader Léon M'ba as the sole presidential candidate, and a joint "National Un ...
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Horse Trading
Horse trading, in its literal sense, is the buying and selling of horses, also called "horse dealing". Due to the difficulties in evaluating the merits of a horse offered for sale, the sale of horses offered great opportunities for dishonesty, leading to use of the term ''horse trading'' (or ''horsetrading'') as a widespread metaphor for complex bargaining or other transactions, such as political vote trading. It was expected that horse sellers would capitalize on these opportunities and so those who dealt in horses gained a reputation for underhanded business practices. Origin of the phrase As standards for ethical business declined in the United States in the Gilded Age, the activities of horse traders came increasingly to be seen as the natural and, in part, desirable product of a competitive market rather than as symptoms of moral depravity. In an 1893 ''New York Times'' editorial criticizing a proposed law to make it illegal for a newspaper to falsely state its circulatio ...
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Bruno Ben Moubamba
Bruno Ben Moubamba (born 1967) is a Gabonese politician. As an opposition leader, he stood as a candidate in the 2009 and 2016 presidential elections in Gabon. He served in the government as Minister of Housing from 2016 to 2017. Early life Ben Moubamba was born in Libreville to the cook of the Saint-Jean de Libreville seminary. He was raised within Catholic institutions. After he graduated from high-school in 1987 in Libreville, he pursued university studies in philosophy, then communication. He is currently finishing his PhD at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris. In 1992, he took part in a humanitarian relief mission in Bosnia, after which he started a career in journalism. Once a journalist, Ben Moubamba contributed to the creation of the Sainte-Marie Catholic radio in Libreville, in 1999. Back in France, he worked at Radio Notre-Dame and KTO, a French Catholic television station. Ben Moubamba is married to Virginie Hubert-Moubamba. They have three ...
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Raymond Ndong Sima
Raymond Ndong Sima (born 23 January 1955"Raymond Ndong Sima : un homme d'action"
, GabonEco, 29 February 2012 .
) is a ese politician who was from February 2012 to January 2014.


Career

Ndong Sima was born in Oyem, located in the north of Gabon, and studied in France. He was appointed to the cabinet of the Minister of Planning and the Economy in 1986, where he was assigned responsibility for