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Group N
In relation to international motorsport governed by the FIA, Group N refers to regulations providing "standard" large-scale series production vehicles for competition. They are limited in terms of modifications permitted to the standard specification by the manufacturer making them a cost effective method of production vehicle motorsport. Often referred to as the "showroom class", Group N contrasts with Group A which has greater freedom to modify and tune the cars to be more suitable to racing. Both groups may have the same or similar models homologated by a manufacturer. Group N was introduced by the FIA in 1982 to replace the outgoing Group 1 as "standard touring cars". At this time there were not specific formulae for production racing cars in competition. The World Rally Championship (WRC), for example, only permitted groups A, B and N cars to compete (Group B was banned from 1987). It was not until 1997 that the World Rally Car formula was introduced and other specific form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subaru Impreza STi Group N (6915941694)
is the automaker, automobile manufacturing division of Japanese transportation conglomerate (company), conglomerate Subaru Corporation (formerly known as Fuji Heavy Industries), the Automotive industry#By manufacturer, twenty-first largest automaker by production worldwide in 2017. Subaru cars are known for their use of a flat engine, boxer engine layout in most vehicles above 1,500 cc. The Symmetrical All Wheel Drive drive-train layout was introduced in 1972. Both became standard equipment for mid-size and smaller cars in most markets by 1996. The lone exception is the Subaru BRZ, BRZ, introduced in 2012 via a partnership with Toyota, which pairs the boxer engine with rear-wheel-drive. Subaru also offers turbocharged versions of their passenger cars, such as the Subaru WRX, WRX, Subaru Outback, Levorg sti, Outback XT, Subaru Ascent, Ascent, and formerly the Subaru Legacy, Legacy GT, Subaru Legacy, Legacy XT, and Subaru Forester, Forester XT. In Western markets, Subaru ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Touring Car Racing
Touring car racing is a motorsport road racing competition that uses race-prepared touring cars. It has both similarities to and significant differences from stock car racing, which is popular in the United States. While the cars do not move as fast as those in Formula racing, formula or sports car racing, sports car races, their similarity both to one another and to fans' own vehicles makes for well-supported racing. The lesser use of aerodynamics means following cars have a much easier time passing than in open-wheel racing, and the more substantial bodies of the cars makes the subtle bumping and nudging for overtaking much more acceptable as part of racing. As well as short ''sprint'' races, many touring car series include one or more Endurance racing (motorsport), endurance races, which last anything from 3 to 24 hours and are a test of reliability and pit crews as much as car, driver speed, and consistency. Characteristics Touring car racing started in the mid twentiet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rally Cars
Rally or rallye may refer to: Gatherings * Political demonstration, a political rally, a political demonstration of support or protest, march, or parade * Pep rally, an event held at a North American school or college sporting event Sports * Rallying, a category of motorsport * Rally (tennis), a sequence of shots in tennis * Rally obedience (also rally-O), a dog sport * Rally scoring, a point scoring system common in racket and net sports ** Rally point system, the system of scoring points in volleyball * Rally Cycling, a UCI ProTeam professional road cycling squad Vehicles * SOCATA Rallye, a French-built light aircraft * Rotec Rally, an American ultralight aircraft * Automobiles Rally, a defunct French sports cars manufacturer Other uses * ''Rally Road Racers'', a 2023 CG-animated film * Rally (''How I Met Your Mother''), a 2014 episode of the TV series ''How I Met Your Mother'' * Rally's, another brand of the American fast-food restaurant chain Checkers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Induction
In an internal combustion engine, forced induction is where turbocharging or supercharging is used to increase the density of the intake air. Engines without forced induction are classified as naturally aspirated. Operating principle Overview Forced induction is often used to increase the power output of an engine. This is achieved by compressing the intake air, to increase the mass of the air-fuel mixture present within the combustion chamber. A naturally aspirated engine is limited to a maximum intake air pressure equal to its surrounding atmosphere; however a forced induction engine produces "boost", whereby the air pressure is higher than the surrounding atmosphere. Since the density of air increases with pressure, this allows a greater mass of air to enter the combustion chamber. Theoretically, the vapour power cycle analysis of the second law of thermodynamics would suggest that increasing the mean effective pressure within the combustion chamber would also incre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engine Control Unit
An engine control unit (ECU), also called an engine control module (ECM), is a device that controls various subsystems of an internal combustion engine. Systems commonly controlled by an ECU include the fuel injection and ignition systems. The earliest ECUs (used by aircraft engines in the late 1930s) were mechanical-hydraulic units; however, most 21st-century ECUs operate using digital electronics. Functions The main functions of the ECU are typically: * Fuel injection system * Ignition system * Idle speed control (typically either via an idle air control valve or the electronic throttle system) * Variable valve timing and/or variable valve lift systems The sensors used by the ECU include: * accelerator pedal position sensor * camshaft position sensor * coolant temperature sensor * crankshaft position sensor * knock sensors * inlet manifold pressure sensor ( MAP sensor) * intake air temperature * intake air mass flow rate sensor ( MAF sensor) * oxygen (lambda) s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2013 World Rally Championship Season
The 2013 FIA World Rally Championship was the 41st season of the World Rally Championship, a rallying championship recognised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile as the highest class of international rallying. The season was run over 13 rallies, starting with the Rallye Monte Carlo on 16 January, and finishing with the Wales Rally of Great Britain on 17 November. Volkswagen entered the series as a constructor with the Polo R WRC, while Ford and Mini ended their factory support for the Fiesta RS WRC and John Cooper Works WRC respectively, though both continued to make their cars available to customer teams. The 2013 season also marked the first appearances of the Super 2000 and Group N replacement category, Group R. As part of this introduction, the support series – Super 2000, Group N Production Cars and the World Rally Championship Academy – were restructured, with the Super 2000, four-wheel-drive Group R and Group N categories reorganised ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Group R
In relation to motorsport governed by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, Group R refers to a set of regulations providing production-derived vehicles for Rallying, rally competition. The Group R regulations were gradually introduced from 2008 as a replacement for Group A and Group N rally cars. To comply with Group R regulations, a car must first be homologated in Group A (or in some cases Group N) and receive one or more VR extensions. Each VR extension is a set of homologated parts and modifications, designed and sold (as a kit or as a complete car) by the manufacturer. As part of its structure, the Group R regulations have a provision for Grand tourer, GT cars, known as Group R-GT, R-GT. Classes Group R consists of six classes, designated R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 (rallying), R5 and R-GT; some of these groups contain their own sub-groups, with cars allocated to each group based on their weight, engine size and powertrain. The first batch of rules, which were introduc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution
The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, popularly referred to as the "Evo", is a sports sedan and rally car based on the Lancer that was manufactured by Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi Motors from 1992 until 2016. There have been ten official versions to date, and the designation of each model is most commonly a Roman numeral. All generations use two-litre intercooled turbo inline four-cylinder engines and all-wheel drive systems."Development of Center-Differential Control System for High Performance Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles", Mitsubishi Motors Technology Review 2001, no.13, pp. 61–66 The Lancer was originally intended only for Japanese markets, but demand on the "grey import" market led the Evolution series to be offered through Ralliart dealer networks in the United Kingdom and in various European markets from around 1998. Mitsubishi decided to export the eighth generation Evolution to the United States in 2003 after witnessing the success Subaru had in that market the previous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subaru Impreza WRX
The Subaru WRX is an all-wheel drive sport compact car manufactured by the Japanese automaker Subaru, originally based on the Impreza created for the World Rally Championship in 1992. Subaru claimed the name WRX stands for "World Rally eXperimental". Starting with the 2015 models, the WRX lineup has been split from the Impreza, with a different body style that is not offered as an optional hatchback/wagon, being introduced as the separate Levorg model. Impreza-based models (1992–2014) The first three generations of the WRX, sold until the 2015 model year, were based on standard Impreza platforms, and replaced the Subaru RX hatchback and saloon. File:Subaru Impreza GT (39720984685) (cropped).jpg, 2000 Subaru Impreza GT (European WRX equivalent) (GC) File:Subaru Impreza GT (39720984805) (cropped).jpg, 2000 Subaru Impreza GT (GC) File:1999 Subaru Impreza (MY99) WRX STI Version 5 coupe (23295614974).jpg, 1999 Subaru Impreza WRX STI (GM) File:2000 Subaru Impreza Turbo 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four Wheel Drive
The Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive (FWD), was a pioneering American company that developed and produced all-wheel drive vehicles. It was founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin, as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich.Borth, Christy. ''Masters of Mass Production''. Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1945, pp. 210-14. The first production facility was built in 1911 and was designed by architect Wallace W. DeLong of Appleton, Wisconsin. FWD renamed FWD Corporation and its associates Seagrave, Baker Aerialscope, and Almonte Fire Trucks were sold in 2003 to an investment group headed by former American LaFrance executive James Hebe. Today, the Seagrave Fire Apparatus group is a flagship company of ELB Capital Management. History Zachow and Besserdich developed and built their first successful four-wheel drive (4x4) car, the "Battleship", in 1908. Its success led to the founding of the company. " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turbocharged
In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (also known as a turbo or a turbosupercharger) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake air, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for a given engine displacement, displacement. Turbochargers are distinguished from superchargers in that a turbocharger is powered by the kinetic energy of the exhaust gases, whereas a supercharger is mechanically powered (usually by a belt from the engine's crankshaft). However, up until the mid-20th century, a turbocharger was called a "turbosupercharger" and was considered a type of supercharger. History Prior to the invention of the turbocharger, forced induction was only possible using mechanically-powered superchargers ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
