|
Government Of Poland
The government of Poland takes the form of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised, within the framework of a multi-party system, by the president and the Government, which consists of the Council of Ministers led by the prime minister. Its members are typically chosen from the majority party or coalition, in the lower house of parliament (the ''Sejm''), although exceptions to this rule are not uncommon. The government is formally announced by the president, and must pass a motion of confidence in the ''Sejm'' within two weeks. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of parliament, ''Sejm'' and Senate. Members of Sejm are elected by proportional representation, with the proviso that non-ethnic-minority parties must gain at least 5% of the national vote to enter the lower house. Currently five parties are represented. Parliam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Districts Of Poland
Electoral districts of Poland (, ()) are defined by Polish election law. Electoral districts can be divided depending on whether they are individual entities or parts of a larger electoral district with regard to elections to 1) parliament (Sejm) and Senate 2) local offices and 3) European Parliament. Each district has a number of mandates calculated on the basis of its population. List of Sejm constituencies ''Source:'' List of Senate constituencies ''Source:'' List of European Parliament constituencies ''Source:'' The numbers of elected MEPs in districts may change every election, because to European Parliament are elected 51 persons (52 after brexit) with the highest score in the country. See also * Administrative division of Poland * Elections in Poland * Electoral districts of Poland (1935–1939) Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of Poland
The Polish law or legal system in Poland has been developing since the first centuries of Polish history, over 1,000 years ago. The public and private laws of Poland are codified. The supreme law in Poland is the Constitution of Poland. Poland is a civil law legal jurisdiction and has a civil code, the ''Civil Code'' of Poland. The Polish parliament creates legislation (law) and is made up of the Senat (upper house) and the Sejm (lower house). Legal areas Polish public and private laws are divided into various areas, including, for example: * civil law (''prawo cywilne''), much of which is contained in the '' Polish Civil Code'' *commercial law (''prawo handlowe'') notably the '' Polish Code of Commercial Partnerships and Companies'' *copyright law (''prawo autorskie''), see copyright law in Poland for details *administrative law (''prawo administracyjne'') *constitutional law (''prawo konstytucyjne'') * private international law (''prawo prywatne międzynarodowe'') *ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judiciary Of Poland
The judiciary of Poland ( ) are the authorities exercising the judicial power of the Polish state on the basis of Chapter 8 of the Constitution of Poland. As in almost all countries of continental Europe, the Polish judiciary operates within the framework of civil law. The Constitution formally divides the judiciary into the courts () and the tribunals (). The courts process the vast majority of cases and are tasked with administering justice (). Administrative courts () review complaints challenging the legality of administrative proceedings. Military courts () serve as criminal courts for the military. All other cases (including cases where jurisdiction is not specifically mentioned) are processed in common courts (). The Supreme Court is the court of last resort in all non-administrative cases, but is technically distinct from the common or military courts; the Supreme Administrative Court is the top court for administrative matters. Everyone has a guaranteed right to ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krzysztof Gawkowski
Krzysztof Kamil Gawkowski (born 11 April 1980) is a Polish politician, political scientist and writer. Member of the Sejm for the 9th and 10th parliamentary term, chairman of The Left's parliamentary club (2019-2023), vice-chairman of New Left (from 2021), from 2023 Deputy Prime Minister of Poland and Minister of Digital Affairs in Donald Tusk's third cabinet. Early life and education Gawkowski grew up in Wołomin, Poland. He graduated from a railway technical school. Early in his career, he worked at Jarmark Europa in Warsaw before running his own advertising company. He pursued legal studies at the University of Warsaw, though he did not complete the program. In 2006, he earned a master’s degree in political science from the Higher School of Communication and Social Media in Warsaw. Between 2007 and 2008, he served as an academic instructor, teaching administrative law at the Higher School of Security and Protection in Warsaw. In 2011, he was awarded a PhD degr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz
Władysław Marcin Kosiniak-Kamysz (born 10 August 1981) is a Polish physician and politician, who served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Poland, and Ministry of National Defence (Poland), Minister of National Defence since 2023. He has also served as the chairman of the Polish People's Party (PSL) since 2015. From 2011 to 2015, he was Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy (Poland), Minister of Labour and Social Affairs in the governments of Donald Tusk and Ewa Kopacz. He was a candidate for president in 2020 Polish presidential election, 2020. Early life Family Kosiniak-Kamysz was born in Kraków in 1981, with his family originating from Siedliszowice, a village in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Lesser Poland. He was brought up in the tradition of the folk movement. His father, Andrzej Kosiniak-Kamysz, a doctor and politician, served as Ministry of Health (Poland), Minister of Health and Social Welfare under the first non-communist government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki where he wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Cabinet Of Donald Tusk
The Third Cabinet of Donald Tusk is the Coalition government, coalition Council of Ministers (Poland), government of Poland headed by Donald Tusk who was officially nominated and confirmed as the Prime Minister of Poland on 11 December 2023 by the members of the Sejm following the failure of Mateusz Morawiecki's Third Cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki, Third Cabinet to secure a vote of confidence. On 12 December, Tusk addressed the parliament and announced members of his cabinet, later that day Tusk's cabinet successfully obtained a vote of confidence with 248 of the 460 MPs voting in the affirmative. He and his cabinet were officially sworn in by president Andrzej Duda on 13 December 2023. Tusk previously served as Prime Minister of Poland between 2007 and 2014, President of the European Council between 2014 and 2019, and the president of the European People's Party (EPP) from 2019 to 2022. The opposition's victory in the 2023 Polish parliamentary election and Tusk's return to powe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of Ministers (Poland)
The Council of Ministers () is the Central government, central collective body of the Executive (government), executive government of Poland. The cabinet consists of the Prime Minister of Poland, Prime Minister, also known as the President of the Council of Ministers (), the Deputy Prime Minister of Poland, Deputy Prime Minister, who acts as a vice-chairman of the council, and other ministers. The current competences and procedures of the cabinet are described between Articles 146 to 162 of the Constitution of Poland, constitution. Nomination The process of forming the Council of Ministers begins with the nomination of the prime minister by the President of Poland.Article 154, para. 1 The prime minister will then propose the composition of the cabinet, which must then be approved by the president. Despite the president's nominating role in choosing a prime minister and approving the composition of the cabinet, however, the presidency's role is strictly limited, as the president ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donald Tusk
Donald Franciszek Tusk (born 22 April 1957) is a Polish politician and historian who has served as the prime minister of Poland since 2023, previously holding the office from 2007 to 2014. Tusk served as the president of the European Council (2014–2019) and leader of the European People's Party (2019–2022). He co-founded Civic Platform (PO), one of the dominant Polish political parties, and has been its longtime leader – from 2003 to 2014 and again since 2021. He is the longest-serving prime minister of the Third Polish Republic. Tusk has been officially involved in Polish politics since 1989, having co-founded multiple political parties, such as the free market–oriented Liberal Democratic Congress party (KLD). He first entered the Sejm in 1991 but lost his seat in 1993. In 1994, the KLD merged with the Democratic Union to form the Freedom Union. In 1997, Tusk was elected to the Senate and became its deputy marshal. In 2001, he co-founded another centre-right liber ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Poland
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, or , involve 5 itself. However, 4 is composite because it is a product (2 × 2) in which both numbers are smaller than 4. Primes are central in number theory because of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime itself or can be factorized as a product of primes that is unique up to their order. The property of being prime is called primality. A simple but slow method of checking the primality of a given number , called trial division, tests whether is a multiple of any integer between 2 and . Faster algorithms include the Miller–Rabin primality test, which is fast but has a small chance of error, and the AKS primality test, which always ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Two-round System
The two-round system (TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to elect a member who has support of the majority of voters. The two-round system involves one or two rounds of choose-one voting, where the voter marks a single favorite candidate in each round. If no one has a majority of votes in the first round, the two candidates with the most votes in the first round move on to a second election (a second round of voting). The two-round system is in the family of plurality voting systems that also includes single-round plurality (FPP). Like instant-runoff (ranked-choice) voting and first past the post, it elects one winner. The two-round system first emerged in France and has since become the most common single-winner electoral system worldwide. Despite this, runoff-based rules like the two-round system and RCV have faced criticism from social choice theorists as a result of their suscep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Poland
Poland has a multi-party political system. On the national level, Poland elects the head of state – the president – and a legislature. There are also various local elections, referendums and elections to the European Parliament. Poland has a long history of public elections dating back several centuries, beginning with the elections to Sejm in Łęczyca (known as the First Sejm) in 1182. Notably, since the Sejm of 1493, Polish kings were obliged to call regular Sejms and regional elections (sejmiks) every two years. From 1573 until 1795 the state system of elective monarchy in Poland required the royal elections of monarchs as well during the Sejm proceedings. The first modern and free elections in 20th-century Poland were held in 1919, two months after the country regained independence in 1918 after over a century of partition and occupation by foreign powers. After the Second World War, Poland fell into the Soviet sphere of influence as a satellite state and became co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
