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Franklin Stove
The Franklin stove is a metal-lined fireplace named after Benjamin Franklin, who invented it in 1742. It had a hollow baffle near the rear (to transfer more heat from the fire to a room's air) and relied on an "inverted siphon" to draw the fire's hot fumes around the baffle. It was intended to produce more heat and less smoke than an ordinary open fireplace, but it achieved few sales until it was improved by David Rittenhouse. It is also known as a "circulating stove" or the "Pennsylvania fireplace". History The two distinguishing features of Franklin's stove were a hollow baffle (a metal panel that directed the flow of the fire's fumes) and a flue that acted as an upside-down siphon. Baffles in fireplaces Baffles were used to lengthen the path that either a room's air or a fire's fumes had to flow through ductwork, thereby allowing more heat to be transferred to the room's air temperatures or from the fire's fumes. Specifically, ducts could be installed within the bri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Mercury News
''The Mercury News'' (formerly ''San Jose Mercury News'', often locally known as ''The Merc'') is a morning daily newspaper published in San Jose, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is published by the Bay Area News Group, a subsidiary of Media News Group which in turn is controlled by Alden Global Capital, a vulture fund. , it was the List of newspapers in the United States#Top 10 newspapers by circulation, fifth largest daily newspaper in the United States, with a daily circulation of 611,194. , the paper has a circulation of 324,500 daily and 415,200 on Sundays. this further declined. The Bay Area News Group no longer reports its circulation, but rather "readership". For 2021, they reported a "readership" of 312,700 adults daily. First published in 1851, the ''Mercury News'' is the last remaining English-language daily newspaper covering the Santa Clara Valley. It became the ''Mercury News'' in 1983 after a series of mergers. During much of the 20th century, it wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Houston
The University of Houston (; ) is a Public university, public research university in Houston, Texas, United States. It was established in 1927 as Houston Junior College, a coeducational institution and one of multiple junior colleges formed in the first decades of the 20th century. In 1934, HJC was restructured as a four-year degree-granting institution and renamed University of Houston. In 1977, it became the founding member of the University of Houston System. Today, Houston is the List of universities in Texas by enrollment, university in Texas, awarding 11,350 degrees in 2024. As of 2024, it has a worldwide alumni base of 331,672. The university consists of fifteen colleges and an interdisciplinary honors college offering some 310-degree programs and enrolls approximately 37,000 undergraduate and 8,600 graduate students. The university's campus, which is primarily in southeast Houston, spans , with the inclusion of its two instructional sites located in Sugar Land and Katy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wood-burning Stove
A wood-burning stove (or wood burner or log burner in the UK) is a heating or cooking appliance capable of burning wood fuel, often called solid fuel, and wood-derived biomass fuel, such as sawdust bricks. Generally the appliance consists of a solid metal (usually cast iron or steel) closed firebox, often lined by fire brick, and one or more air controls (which can be manually or automatically operated depending upon the stove). The first wood-burning stove was patented in Strasbourg in 1557. This was two centuries before the Industrial Revolution, so iron was still prohibitively expensive. The first wood-burning stoves were high-end consumer items and only gradually became used widely. The stove is connected by ventilating stove pipe to a suitable flue, which will fill with hot combustion gases once the fuel is ignited. The chimney or flue gases must be hotter than the outside temperature to ensure combustion gases are drawn out of the fire chamber and up the chimney. Wood b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space Heater
A space heater is a device used to heat a single, small- to medium-sized area. This type of heater can be contrasted with central heating, which distributes heat to multiple areas. Types Dominant mode of heat transfer All space heaters transfer heat to their environment via some combination of the three fundamental modes of heat transfer: convection, radiation, and conduction. Typically heaters are designed with either convection or radiation as the sole dominant mode. Convective heaters ''Convective space heaters'' utilize convection to transfer heat from the power source to a space. These heaters typically either rely on ''natural'' or ''forced'' convection. Natural convection is a phenomenon where temperature variations in an environment generate fluid flow. Forced convection heaters utilize a device like a fan to generate air flow and spread heat at a fast pace. Sometimes called "fan heaters," these are often cheap but lack in efficiency and versatility. Radia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rocket Mass Heater
A rocket mass heater (RMH), also known as rocket stove mass heater, is a form of slow-release Thermal radiation, radiant heating system, designed to primarily heat people and secondarily to warm areas in Sightline, line of sight around it. Variations of RMH can also be extended for the functions of cooking, Water heating, heating water, and producing warm air for distribution. Rocket mass heaters are developed from rocket stoves, a type of wood-burning stoves, wood-burning stove, and masonry heaters. A primary design of a rocket mass heater consists of an Thermal insulation, insulated combustion chamber where fuel is burned with high efficiency at high temperature, and a large thermal mass in contact with the exhaust gases, which absorbs most of the generated heat before the gases are released to the atmosphere. According to anecdotes a rocket mass heater might reduce fuel consumption by 80–90% compared to "conventional" stoves. In contrast to conventional wood-burning stoves a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potbelly Stove
A potbelly stove is a cast iron, cast-iron, coal-burning or wood-burning stove that is cylindrical with a bulge in the middle.Philip Babcock Gove, Gove PB (editor in chief) (1981). ''Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged''. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster Inc. 102a + 2,663 pp. . ("potbelly", definition and illustration, p. 1775). The name is derived from the resemblance of the stove to a fat person's Abdominal obesity, pot belly. Potbelly stoves were used to heat large rooms and were often found in train stations or One-room school, one-room schoolhouses. The flat top of the stove allows for cooking food or heating water. See also *Delamere_Francis_McCloskey#City_Council, Delamere Francis McCloskey, Los Angeles City Council member, 1941–43, rescued potbelly stoves for use in air-raid defense posts *Franklin stove *List of stoves *Red Cross stove References Heaters Fireplaces Residential heating appliances Stoves {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masonry Heater
A masonry heater (also called a masonry stove) is a device for warming an interior space through radiant heating, by capturing the heat from periodic burning of fuel (usually wood), and then radiating the heat at a fairly constant temperature for a long period. Masonry heaters covered in tile are called Kachelofen (also tile stoves or ceramic stoves). The technology has existed in different forms, from back into the Neoglacial and Neolithic periods. Archaeological digs have revealed excavations of ancient inhabitants utilizing hot smoke from fires in their subterranean dwellings, to radiate into the living spaces. These early forms eventually evolved into modern systems. Evidence found from 5,000 BC of massive blocks of masonry used to retain heat foreshadowed Underfloor heating#History/, early forms of fire hearths that were used as multifunctional heating sources. Later evolutions came in the Roman ''hypocaust'', Chinese Kang bed-stove, kang, Korean ondol and Spanish Gloria (h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hearth
A hearth () is the place in a home where a fire is or was traditionally kept for home heating and for cooking, usually constituted by a horizontal hearthstone and often enclosed to varying degrees by any combination of reredos (a low, partial wall behind a hearth), fireplace, oven, smoke hood, or chimney. Hearths are usually composed of masonry such as brick or rock (geology), stone. For millennia, the hearth was such an integral part of a home, usually its central and most important feature, that the concept has been metonym, generalized to refer to a homeplace or household, as in the terms "hearth and home" and "keep the home fires burning". In the modern era, since the advent of central heating, hearths are usually less central to most people's daily life because the heating of the home is instead done by a Furnace (house heating), furnace or a heating stove, and cooking is instead done with a kitchen stove/range (combination cooktop and oven) alongside other home appliances ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bukhari (heater)
A bukhāri ( Persian بُخاری) is a traditional space heater from Central Asia and northern areas of the Indian Subcontinent, which is typically a wood-burning stove. ''Bukharis'' consist of a wide cylindrical fire-chamber at the base in which wood, charcoal or other fuel is burned and a narrower cylinder on the top that helps in heating the room and acts as a chimney. The base of an Indian ''bukhari'' is wider than that of most western wood-burning stoves. ''Bukharis'' are found in the entire northern belt of the region, i.e. Afghanistan, Tajikistan, northern Pakistan, North India, Nepal, Bhutan and Northeast India. Etymology The term ''bukhār'' is a Persian word meaning ''heat'' or ''fever''. In modern Persian, the term ''bukhari'' generically refers to a heater. Use in poultry farming ''Bukharis'' are in widespread use by poultry farmers in North India to keep birds warm during winter nights. Fuel alternatives and conservation Forest conservation imperatives have resu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angithi
An ( Hindustani: or ) is a traditional brazier used for space-heating and cooking in the northern areas of South Asia, mainly in India, Pakistan and Nepal. usually generate heat from burning coal and, when in use, have glowing coal or charcoal pieces but few or no flames. Kanger A smaller, and more decorative, version of the called the '' kanger or kangri'' is employed for personal use in Kashmir. Hazards Despite public health warnings, are often used in enclosed spaces to maximize heating, resulting in deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning in the region. Public authorities and mass media in the region often exhort people not to use or in closed rooms. See also * Air-tight stove *Brazier * Bukhari (heater) *Franklin stove *Hibachi - Japanese traditional heater * Kanger * Rocket stove * Space heater *Wood-burning stove A wood-burning stove (or wood burner or log burner in the UK) is a heating or cooking appliance capable of burning wood fuel, often called solid fuel, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air-tight Stove
A stove or range is a device that generates heat inside or on top of the device, for - local heating or cooking. Stoves can be powered with many fuels, such as natural gas, electricity, gasoline, wood, and coal. Due to concerns about air pollution, efforts have been made to improve stove design. Pellet stoves are a type of clean-burning stove. Air-tight stoves are another type that burn the wood more completely and therefore, reduce the amount of the combustion by-products. Another method of reducing air pollution is through the addition of a device to clean the exhaust gas, for example, a filter or afterburner. Research and development on safer and less emission releasing stoves is continuously evolving. Etymology Old English had a word ''stofa'', meaning a hot-air bath or sweating room. However, this usage did not survive, and the word was taken newly from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch in the 15th or 16th century, later meaning any room heated with a furnace. By the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
