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Fragmentation (other)
Fragmentation or fragmented may refer to: Computers * Fragmentation (computing), a phenomenon of computer storage * File system fragmentation, the tendency of a file system to lay out the contents of files non-continuously * Fragmented distribution attack, in computer security * IP fragmentation, a process in computer networking Science * Fragmentation (cell biology), in cells * Fragmentation (reproduction), a form of asexual reproduction * Fragmentation of memory, a psychological disorder * Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), a technique to study structure of molecules * Fragmentation (weaponry), a feature of explosive weaponry * Fragmentation (medicine), an operation that breaks of solid matter in a body part into pieces, such as kidney stones * Fragmentation, the quantification by photoanalysis of blasted material * Hadronization, with quarks Other * Fragmentation (economics), a process of globalization * Fragmentation (music), a compositional technique * Fragmentation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fragmentation (computing)
In computer storage, fragmentation is a phenomenon in which storage space, main storage or secondary storage, is used inefficiently, reducing capacity or performance and often both. The exact consequences of fragmentation depend on the specific system of storage allocation in use and the particular form of fragmentation. In many cases, fragmentation leads to storage space being "wasted", and in that case the term also refers to the wasted space itself. Basic principle When a computer program requests blocks of memory from the computer system, the blocks are allocated in chunks. When the computer program is finished with a chunk, it can free it back to the system, making it available to later be allocated again to another or the same program. The size and the amount of time a chunk is held by a program varies. During its lifespan, a computer program can request and free many chunks of memory. When a program is started, the free memory areas are long and contiguous. Over time and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fragmentation (economics)
In economics, fragmentation means organization of production into different stages, which are divided among different suppliers often are located in different countries. Products traded between firms in different countries are often components rather than final products. Final products may be sold to outside the region in which fragmentation happens: for example, East Asian countries often sell their final products to Europe and the USA. Producers in less developed countries operate in positions within a production chain which add less value to final product. Their challenge is to "climb upwards" on the transnational production chain. Production chains are often vertical hierarchies in which big multinational companies may be those who sell final products and set production standards for "lesser" producers. This kind of fragmentation is an important part of contemporary globalisation. The United States Government Accountability Office defines fragmentation as "work here Here is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Divergence
In vector calculus, divergence is a vector operator that operates on a vector field, producing a scalar field giving the quantity of the vector field's source at each point. More technically, the divergence represents the volume density of the outward flux of a vector field from an infinitesimal volume around a given point. As an example, consider air as it is heated or cooled. The velocity of the air at each point defines a vector field. While air is heated in a region, it expands in all directions, and thus the velocity field points outward from that region. The divergence of the velocity field in that region would thus have a positive value. While the air is cooled and thus contracting, the divergence of the velocity has a negative value. Physical interpretation of divergence In physical terms, the divergence of a vector field is the extent to which the vector field flux behaves like a source at a given point. It is a local measure of its "outgoingness" – the extent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fragmentation Function
In a sufficiently hard interaction between particles, the cross section can be factorized into parton distribution functions (PDFs), the hard scattering part, and fragmentation functions. The fragmentation functions, as are the PDFs, are non-perturbative functions describing the production of a given observed final state. In a leading order picture, it can be interpreted as the probability that the observed final state originates from a given quark or gluon A gluon ( ) is an elementary particle that acts as the exchange particle (or gauge boson) for the strong force between quarks. It is analogous to the exchange of photons in the electromagnetic force between two charged particles. Gluons bind .... See also * Proton structure function References Functions related to probability distributions {{particle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fragmented (album)
''Fragmented'' is the debut album from the Filipino independent band Up Dharma Down. Track listing Personnel *Armi Millare - keyboards, vocals *Carlos Tañada - lead guitars *Ean Mayor - drums and loops *Paul Yap - bass Bass or Basses may refer to: Fish * Bass (fish), various saltwater and freshwater species Music * Bass (sound), describing low-frequency sound or one of several instruments in the bass range: ** Bass (instrument), including: ** Acoustic bass gui ... Credits * caliph8 - Turntables on "June" * Paolo Garcia - "Oo" (Fragmented version) * Everywhere We Shoot- Photography & Design * Ramon Vizmont- Website programming {{Authority control 2006 albums Up Dharma Down albums ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Population Fragmentation
Population fragmentation is a form of population segregation. It is often caused by habitat fragmentation. Causes of Fragmentation Fragmentation can be the cause of natural forces or human actions, although in modern times, human activity is the most common cause. Some general causes of fragmentation are: * the development of land around a protected area, even through the addition of a single road lane or fence line, * the captivity, capture or killing of species in an area that links populations, * the movement of a population away from other individuals of that species, such as the natural introduction of wolves and moose on Isle Royale, * geologic processes, such as landslides or volcanoes, dividing a habitat * rising sea levels separating islands from what was once a common landmass, * global warming, especially when coupled with mountains, reducing movement from one habitat to another. Genetic effects Population fragmentation causes inbreeding depression, which leads to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Market Fragmentation
Fragmentation in a technology market happens when a market is composed of multiple highly-incompatible technologies or technology stacks, forcing prospective buyers of a single product to commit to an entire product ecosystem, rather than maintaining free choice of complementary products and services. Two common varieties of fragmentation are ''market fragmentation'' and ''version fragmentation''. Fragmentation is the opposite of, and is solved by standardization. Market fragmentation Market fragmentation happens when multiple competing firms offer highly-incompatible technologies or technology stacks, likely leading to vendor lock-in. Version fragmentation Version fragmentation happens when a firm offers multiple incompatible versions or variations of a single product, either in tandem or over time as a result of accumulated changes to product specification. Android and iOS operating systems A term being used in the Android development community is ''Android fragmentatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habitat Fragmentation
Habitat fragmentation describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat), causing population fragmentation and ecosystem decay. Causes of habitat fragmentation include geological processes that slowly alter the layout of the physical environment (suspected of being one of the major causes of speciation), and human activity such as land conversion, which can alter the environment much faster and causes the extinction of many species. More specifically, habitat fragmentation is a process by which large and contiguous habitats get divided into smaller, isolated patches of habitats. Definition The term habitat fragmentation includes five discrete phenomena: * Reduction in the total area of the habitat * Decrease of the interior: edge ratio * Isolation of one habitat fragment from other areas of habitat * Breaking up of one patch of habitat into several smaller patches * Decrease in the average size of each patch of hab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feudal Fragmentation
Feudal fragmentation being a stage in the development of certain feudal states, in which it is split into smaller regional state structures, each characterized by significant autonomy if not outright independence and ruled by a high-ranking noble such as a prince or a duke.Rozbicie dzielnicowe .rozbicie dzielnicowe PWN Encyklopedia. Feudal fragmentation is usually associated with [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fragmentation (sociology)
In urban sociology, fragmentation refers to the absence or underdevelopment of connections between a society and the grouping of certain of its members. These connections may concern culture, nationality, race, language, occupation, religion, income level, or other common interests. This gap between the people of interest and the rest of society may be: * Social, indicating poor interrelationships; * Economic, based on structural inequalities; * Institutional, in terms of formal and specific political, occupational, educative, or associative organizations; or * Geographic, implying regional or residential concentration. The author coined the term when addressing the problem of "hierarchy of oppression" within the feminist movement. This hierarchy is characterized by individuals feeling that experiencing more types of oppression lends greater validity to their own opinions. The perceived interpersonal differences engendered by this perspective may undermine group strength and sol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fragmentation (music)
In music composition, fragmentation is the use of fragments or the "division of a musical idea (gesture, motive, theme, etc.) into segments". It is used in tonal and atonal music, and is a common method of localized development and closure. Fragmentation is related to Arnold Schoenberg's concept of ''liquidation'', a common compositional technique that describes the reduction of a large-scale musical idea to its essential form (such as a contour line, a specific harmonic motion, or the like). Liquidation shapes much thematically-driven music, such as that by Béla Bartók Béla Viktor János Bartók (; ; 25 March 1881 – 26 September 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist. He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century; he and Franz Liszt are regarded as Hu ...,Stein, Deborah. ''Engaging Music: Essays in Music Analysis'', "Introduction to Musical Ambiguity". New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. . p. 87. Stravinsky ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadronization
Hadronization (or hadronisation) is the process of the formation of hadrons out of quarks and gluons. There are two main branches of hadronization: quark-gluon plasma (QGP) transformation and colour string decay into hadrons. The transformation of quark-gluon plasma into hadrons is studied in lattice QCD numerical simulations, which are explored in relativistic heavy-ion experiments. Quark-gluon plasma hadronization occurred shortly after the Big Bang when the quark–gluon plasma cooled down to the Hagedorn temperature (about 150 MeV) when free quarks and gluons cannot exist. In string breaking new hadrons are forming out of quarks, antiquarks and sometimes gluons, spontaneously created from the vacuum. Statistical hadronization A highly successful description of QGP hadronization is based on statistical phase space weighting according to the Fermi–Pomeranchuk model of particle production. This approach was developed, since 1950, initially as a qualitative descriptio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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