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First Statute Of The IMRO
Due to the lack of original protocol documentation, and the fact its early statutes were not dated, the first statute of the clandestine Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) is uncertain and is a subject to dispute among researchers. The dispute also includes its first name and ethnic character, as well as the authenticity, dating, validity, and authorship of its supposed first statute. Certain contradictions and inconsistencies exist in the testimonies of the founding members of the Organization, which further complicates the solution of the problem. In general, it was often called "the Bulgarian Committee" on the eve of the 20th century. Based on the samples of statutes and regulations of the Organization discovered so far, it appears it was firstly called Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Revolutionary Committees (BMARC),( bg, Български македоно-одрински революционни ком ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zahari Stoyanov
Zahariy Stoyanov ( bg, Захарий Стоянов; archaic: ) (1850 – 2 September 1889), born Dzhendo Stoyanov Dzhedev ( bg, Джендо Стоянов Джедев), was a Bulgarian revolutionary, writer, and historian. A participant in the April Uprising of 1876, he became its first historiographer with his book ''Memoirs of the Bulgarian Uprisings''. Stoyanov directed the Unification of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia in 1885, and was one of the leaders of the People's Liberal Party until the end of his life. Life Zahariy Stoyanov was born in the family of the shepherd Stoyan Dalakchiev in the village of Medven close to Sliven. He attended the religious school (after 1860 mutual and class school) in his native village between 1856 and 1862 to later become a shepherd in İnceköy (modern Topoli, Varna Province) and Podvis, Burgas Province (1866–1870). While being apprenticed to tailor in Rousse he joined the Rousse revolutionary committee and later worked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Exarchists
Bulgarian Millet ( tr, Bulgar Milleti) was an ethno-religious and linguistic community within the Ottoman Empire from the mid-19th to early 20th century. The semi-official term ''Bulgarian millet'', was used by the Sultan for the first time in 1847, and was his tacit consent to a more ethno-linguistic definition of the Bulgarians as a nation. Officially as a separate Millet in 1860 were recognized the Bulgarian Uniates, and then in 1870 the Bulgarian Orthodox Christians (''Eksarhhâne-i Millet i Bulgar''). At that time the classical Ottoman Millet-system began to degrade with the continuous identification of the religious creed with ethnic identity and the term ''millet'' was used as a synonym of ''nation''. In this way, in the struggle for recognition of a separate Church, the modern Bulgarian nation was created. The establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate in 1870, meant in practice official recognition of a separate Bulgarian nationality, and in this case the religious affi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Millet
Bulgarian Millet ( tr, Bulgar Milleti) was an ethno-religious and linguistic community within the Ottoman Empire from the mid-19th to early 20th century. The semi-official term ''Bulgarian millet'', was used by the Sultan for the first time in 1847, and was his tacit consent to a more ethno-linguistic definition of the Bulgarians as a nation. Officially as a separate Millet in 1860 were recognized the Bulgarian Uniates, and then in 1870 the Bulgarian Orthodox Christians (''Eksarhhâne-i Millet i Bulgar''). At that time the classical Ottoman Millet-system began to degrade with the continuous identification of the religious creed with ethnic identity and the term ''millet'' was used as a synonym of ''nation''. In this way, in the struggle for recognition of a separate Church, the modern Bulgarian nation was created. The establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate in 1870, meant in practice official recognition of a separate Bulgarian nationality, and in this case the religious affi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnic Macedonian
Macedonians ( mk, Македонци, Makedonci) are a nation and a South Slavic ethnic group native to the region of Macedonia in Southeast Europe. They speak Macedonian, a South Slavic language. The large majority of Macedonians identify as Eastern Orthodox Christians, who speak a South Slavic language, and share a cultural and historical "Orthodox Byzantine–Slavic heritage" with their neighbours. About two-thirds of all ethnic Macedonians live in North Macedonia and there are also communities in a number of other countries. The concept of a Macedonian ethnicity, distinct from their Orthodox Balkan neighbours, is seen to be a comparatively newly emergent one. The earliest manifestations of an incipient Macedonian identity emerged during the second half of the 19th century among limited circles of Slavic-speaking intellectuals, predominantly outside the region of Macedonia. They arose after the First World War and especially during 1930s, and thus were consolidated by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blaže Ristovski
Blaže Ristovski (March 21, 1931, Garnikovo, Kavadarci, Kingdom of Yugoslavia – November 28, 2018, Skopje, Macedonia, both in present-day North Macedonia) was a Macedonian linguist, folklorist and historian. He graduated from Faculty of Philology in Skopje with a PhD in Philology. He was the director of the Institute of Folklore " Marko Cepenkov" in Skopje and a member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts and honorary member of the Writers' Association of Macedonia. He died on November 28, 2018, at the age of 87. Bibliography * ''Krste P. Misirkov'' (1874–1926) (1966) * ''Vardar, scientific and literary and socio-political journal of K. Q. Misirkov'' (1966) * ''Growers in the development of Macedonian national thought'' (1968) * ''Macedonian nation and Macedonian national consciousness'' (1968) * ''Krste Misirkov'' (1968) * ''Nace D. Dimov'' (1876–1916) (1973) * ''George M. Pulevski and his books "Macedonian Fairy" and "Macedonian singer"'' (1973) * ''Macedonian nar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gane Todorovski
Dragan "Gane" Todorovski (11 May 1929 – 22 May 2010) was a Macedonian poet, translator, essayist, literary critic, and historian, publicist. Biography Graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy, University SS. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, where he gained his PhD with the thesis "Slavs Veda and its mystificators". Worked as a journalist with "Tanjug", "Mlad borec" and "Studentski zbor". He was a long-time professor of Croatian and Macedonian Literature of 19th century at the Faculty of Philology in Skopje, as well as a one-time president of the Macedonian Writers' Association (1969-1971) and (1985–86), President of the Board of the Struga Poetry Evenings Festival, and editor-in-chief of the journal "Mlada literatura". He started his literary activity immediately after the liberation, in "Nova Makedonija", "Pionerski Vesnik", "Nov den" and others. He mainly deals with poetry and translations, has published several collections of poetry and also deals with criticism and essays ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonia (region)
Macedonia () is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid 19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: larger parts in Greece, North Macedonia, and Bulgaria, and smaller parts in Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. It covers approximately and has a population of 4.76 million. Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history. Etymology Both proper nouns ''Makedṓn'' and ''Makednós'' are morphologically derived from the Ancient Greek adjective ''makednós'' meaning "tall, slim", and are related to the term Macedonia. Boundaries and definitions Ancient times The definition of Macedonia has chang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Hadzhinikolov
Ivan Hadzhinikolov ( bg, Иван Хаджиниколов; (December 24, 1869, Kilkis, Ottoman Empire – July 9, 1934, Sofia, Bulgaria) was a Bulgarian revolutionary, leader of the revolutionary movement in Macedonia, Eastern and Western Thrace. He was among the founders of the Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committees in October 1893 (the organization was renamed to IMARO in 1906 and IMRO in 1920). He received elementary and secondary education in Kukush, Plovdiv and Svishtov. Then Hadzhinikolov graduated higher education at commerce in Linz. After that he worked as a Bulgarian teacher in Kostenets, Edessa, Kukush and Thessaloniki.Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна Македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, С. 2001, с. 177 Ivan Hadzhinikolov opened a bookstore in Thessaloniki in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarians
Bulgarians ( bg, българи, Bǎlgari, ) are a nation and South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Bulgaria and the rest of Southeast Europe. Etymology Bulgarians derive their ethnonym from the Bulgars. Their name is not completely understood and difficult to trace back earlier than the 4th century AD, but it is possibly derived from the Proto-Turkic word ''*bulģha'' ("to mix", "shake", "stir") and its derivative ''*bulgak'' ("revolt", "disorder"). Alternative etymologies include derivation from a compound of Proto-Turkic (Oghuric languages, Oghuric) ''*bel'' ("five") and ''*gur'' ("arrow" in the sense of "Turkic tribal confederations, tribe"), a proposed division within the Utigurs or Onogurs ("ten tribes"). Citizenship According to the Art.25 (1) of Constitution of Bulgaria, a Bulgarian citizen shall be anyone born to at least one parent holding a Bulgarian citizenship, or born on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, should they not be entitled to any oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Katardžiev
Ivan Katardžiev ( bg, Иван Катарджиев; mk, Иван Катарџиев) (January 6, 1926 – December 1, 2018) was a Macedonian historian. He was regarded as the country's most important expert on the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization and the Macedonian history under Yugoslavia as well as the early years of independence. He was also director of the Institute for National History. Biography Katardžiev was born in 1926 in Ploski, Bulgaria, in the region also known as Pirin Macedonia. In the 1950s he was head of the University Library of Skopje, the Diaspora Office and served as secretary of the Institute for National History of Macedonia. In recent years Katardžiev criticized the then Macedonian ruling party, the VMRO – DPMNE, for rehabilitating several Ottoman-era revolutionaries, who had previously been blacklisted during Yugoslav rule for being Bulgarophiles. In October 2014 the Lustration Lustration is the purge of government officials ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dame Gruev
Damyan Yovanov Gruev (,The first names can also be transliterated as ''Damjan Jovanov'', after Bulgarian Дамян Йованов Груев and Macedonian Дамјан Јованов Груев. The last name is also sometimes rendered as ''Grueff''. originally spelled in pre-1945 Bulgarian orthography as ''Дамянъ Йовановъ Груевъ''; January 19, 1871 – December 23, 1906) was а Bulgarian teacher, revolutionary and insurgent leader in the Ottoman regions of Macedonia and Thrace. He was one of the six founders of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. Despite his Bulgarian self-identification, according to the post-World War II Macedonian historiography, he was an ethnic Macedonian. Biography Early years Dame Gruev was born in 1871 in the village of Smilevo, Monastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (present-day North Macedonia). He received his elementary education in Smilevo and continued his education in the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
