Fine-tuning (other)

	Fine-tuning (other) Fine-tuning may refer to: * Fine-tuning (deep learning) * Fine-tuning (physics) * Fine-tuned universe The fine-tuned universe is the hypothesis that, because "life as we know it" could not exist if the fundamental physical constants, constants of nature – such as the electron charge, the gravitational constant and others – had been even ... See also * Tuning (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Fine-tuning (deep Learning) In deep learning, fine-tuning is an approach to transfer learning in which the parameters of a pre-trained neural network model are trained on new data. Fine-tuning can be done on the entire neural network, or on only a subset of its layers, in which case the layers that are not being fine-tuned are "frozen" (i.e., not changed during backpropagation). A model may also be augmented with "adapters" that consist of far fewer parameters than the original model, and fine-tuned in a parameter-efficient way by tuning the weights of the adapters and leaving the rest of the model's weights frozen. For some architectures, such as convolutional neural networks, it is common to keep the earlier layers (those closest to the input layer) frozen, as they capture lower-level features, while later layers often discern high-level features that can be more related to the task that the model is trained on. Models that are pre-trained on large, general corpora are usually fine-tuned by reusing their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Fine-tuning (physics) In theoretical physics, fine-tuning is the process in which parameters of a model must be adjusted very precisely in order to fit with certain observations. Theories requiring fine-tuning are regarded as problematic in the absence of a known mechanism to explain why the parameters happen to have precisely the observed values that they return. The heuristic rule that parameters in a fundamental physical theory should not be too fine-tuned is called naturalness. Background The idea that naturalness will explain fine tuning was brought into question by Nima Arkani-Hamed, a theoretical physicist, in his talk "Why is there a Macroscopic Universe?", a lecture from the mini-series "Multiverse & Fine Tuning" from the "Philosophy of Cosmology" project, a University of Oxford and Cambridge Collaboration 2013. In it he describes how naturalness has usually provided a solution to problems in physics; and that it had usually done so earlier than expected. However, in addressing the proble ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Fine-tuned Universe The fine-tuned universe is the hypothesis that, because "life as we know it" could not exist if the fundamental physical constants, constants of nature – such as the electron charge, the gravitational constant and others – had been even slightly different, the universe must be tuned specifically for life.Gribbin. J and Rees. M, ''Cosmic Coincidences: Dark Matter, Mankind, and Anthropic Cosmology'' pp. 7, 269, 1989, In practice, this hypothesis is formulated in terms of dimensionless physical constants. History In 1913, chemist Lawrence Joseph Henderson wrote ''The Fitness of the Environment,'' one of the first books to explore fine tuning in the universe. Henderson discusses the importance of water and the environment to living things, pointing out that life as it exists on Earth depends entirely on Earth's very specific environmental conditions, especially the prevalence and properties of water. In 1961, physicist Robert H. Dicke argued that certain forces in physics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]