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Egyptian Law (other)
The Law of Egypt consists of courts, offences, and various types of laws. Egypt has its own constitution which took effect on 18 January 2014. The Constitution of Egypt is the fundamental law of the country. Egypts legal codes and court operations are based primarily on British, Italian, and Napoleonic models, and has been the inspiration for the civil code for numerous other Middle Eastern jurisdictions, including Jordan, Bahrain, Qatar, pre-dictatorship kingdoms of Libya and Iraq, and the commercial code of Kuwait. Egyptian Civil Code The Egyptian Civil Code is the primary source of civil law for Egypt, governing "the areas of personal rights, contracts, obligations, and torts.". The first version of Egyptian Civil Code was written in 1949 containing 1149 articles. There are "two levels" of litigation (two trials of fact)" with another appellate level in civil litigation in Egypt. *"Small claims cases are tried before a single judge, with a right to ''de novo'' appeal to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a ''written constitution''; if they are encompassed in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a ''codified constitution''. The Constitution of the United Kingdom is a notable example of an ''uncodified constitution''; it is instead written in numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court cases or treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign countries to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty which establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution defi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Novo Review
In law, the standard of review is the amount of deference given by one court (or some other appellate tribunal) in reviewing a decision of a lower court or tribunal. A low standard of review means that the decision under review will be varied or overturned if the reviewing court considers there is any error at all in the lower court's decision. A high standard of review means that deference is accorded to the decision under review, so that it will not be disturbed just because the reviewing court might have decided the matter differently; it will be varied only if the higher court considers the decision to have obvious error. The standard of review may be set by statute or precedent (stare decisis). In the United States, "standard of review" also has a separate meaning concerning the level of deference the judiciary gives to Congress when ruling on the constitutionality of legislation. United States In the United States, the term "standard of review" has several different meanings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1991 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1991. Events *February – Sisters Vanessa Redgrave (Olga) and Lynn Redgrave (Masha) make their first and only joint appearance on stage, with niece Jemma Redgrave as Irina, in the title rôles of Chekhov's '' Three Sisters'' at the Queen's Theatre, London. *July 11 – Hitoshi Igarashi (born 1947), Japanese translator of Salman Rushdie's 1988 novel ''The Satanic Verses'', is stabbed to death at the University of Tsukuba during The Satanic Verses controversy, in accordance with a fatwa against those involved in circulating the book. *October – Irvine Welsh's first published fiction, the short story "The First Day of the Edinburgh Festival", appears in '' New Writing Scotland''. It is later incorporated into '' Trainspotting''. *November 4 – An archaeological expedition is launched, eventually resulting in the discovery of a mass grave and identification of the body of the novelist Alain-Fourn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2007 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 2007. Events *January 1 – '' Post- och Inrikes Tidningar'' (Sweden), the world's oldest surviving newspaper (begun in 1645 as ''Ordinari Post Tijdender''), starts publishing online only. *March 5 – A car bomb explodes on Mutanabbi Street in Baghdad, the city's historic center of bookselling. *April 1 – The first in the ''Diary of a Wimpy Kid'' series by Jeff Kinney is released in book form in New York. * April 26 – Polly Stenham's play ''That Face'', written when she was 19, opens at the Royal Court Theatre in London. * July 21 – The final book in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series, ''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows'', sells over 11 million copies in its first 24 hours, becoming the fastest selling book in history. *November 2 – The Tomi Ungerer Museum opens in Strasbourg. *November 19 – The first Kindle e-book reader is released. *December 5 – The first European Book Prize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptian NGO Law
Egyptian NGO Law 84 (2002) establishes two main types of NGOs (non-governmental organizations): ''Community Development Associations'' and ''Civic Foundations''. Community Development Associations (CDAs) Requirements The Founders of CDAs may be either physical or juridical persons. Foreigners must be legally resident in Egypt. Foreign juridical persons must be established in Egypt or authorized to conduct their activities in Egypt; otherwise, they cannot be Founders. There must be at least ten founders, and the purpose of the CDA must not involve the making of profit. The Founders must have written ''Articles of Association'' signed by all the Founders, and have suitable headquarters in Egypt. The Articles of Association must contain: *The name of the Association, which should be inspired by its purpose, and not confusingly similar to any other Association operating within its geographical area. *The type and scope of the CDA's activities and its geographical area. *The address ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptian Nationality Law
Egyptian nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of Egypt, as amended; the Egyptian Nationality Law, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Egypt. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Egyptian nationality is typically obtained under the principle of jus soli, i.e. by birth in Egypt, or jus sanguinis, born to parents with Egyptian nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalization. Acquisition of nationality Nationality can be acquired in Egypt at birth or later in life through naturalization. By birth Those who acquire nationality at birth include: * Children b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptian Judges' Club
The Egyptian Judges' Club (''Nadi al Quda'') was founded in Cairo, Egypt in 1939, primarily as a social club for judges. It is not formally registered as a professional association, as that would place it under the jurisdiction of Egypt's Ministry of Social Affairs and limit its independence, an outcome the club's members wished to avoid. It considers itself and acts as the ''de facto'' representative of Egypt's judges, and has a history of speaking out in favor of judicial independence and political democracy. Any member of the Egyptian judiciary and any Egyptian prosecutor can join it. It has over 9,000 members, including over 90% of Egyptian judges. History In the late 1960s, the Judges' Club criticized what it viewed as the disregard by the government of Egyptian President Gamel Abdel Nasser for the law. In August 1969, the Nasser government dissolved the board of the Judges' Club, announced that the president would appoint its officers, and dismissed over 200 judges in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Application Of Sharia Law By Country
Since the early Islamic states of the eighth and ninth centuries, Sharia always existed alongside other normative systems. Historically, sharia was interpreted by independent jurists (muftis), based on Islamic scriptural sources and various legal methodologies. In the modern era, statutes inspired by European codes replaced traditional laws in most parts of the Muslim world, with classical sharia rules retained mainly in personal status (family) laws. These laws were codified by legislative bodies which sought to modernize them without abandoning their foundations in traditional jurisprudence. The Islamic revival of the late 20th century brought along calls by Islamist movements for full implementation of sharia, including ''hudud'' capital punishments, such as stoning, which in some cases resulted in traditionalist legal reform. Some countries with Muslim minorities use sharia-based laws to regulate marriage, inheritance and other personal affairs of their Muslim population. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cairo Declaration On Human Rights In Islam
The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI) is a declaration of the member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) first adopted in Cairo, Egypt, on 5 August 1990, (Conference of Foreign Ministers, 9–14 Muharram 1411H in the Islamic calendar), and later revised in 2020 and adopted on 28 November 2020 (Council of Foreign Ministers at its 47th session in Niamey, Republic of Niger). It provides an overview on the Islamic perspective on human rights. The 1990 version affirms Islamic sharia as its sole source, whereas the 2020 version doesn't specifically invoke sharia. The focus of this article is the 1990 version of the CDHRI. The CDHRI declares its purpose to be "general guidance for Member States f the OICin the field of human rights". This declaration is widely acknowledged as an Islamic response to the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted in 1948. It guarantees some, but not all, of the UDHR and serves as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Of Powers
Separation of powers refers to the division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities, so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with those of the other branches. The typical division is into three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary, which is sometimes called the model. It can be contrasted with the fusion of powers in parliamentary and semi-presidential systems where there can be overlap in membership and functions between different branches, especially the executive and legislative, although in most non-authoritarian jurisdictions, the judiciary almost never overlaps with the other branches, whether powers in the jurisdiction are separated or fused. The intention behind a system of separated powers is to prevent the concentration of power by providing for checks and balances. The separation of powers model is often imprecisely and metonymically used interchangeably with the ' princ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawsuit
- A lawsuit is a proceeding by a party or parties against another in the civil court of law. The archaic term "suit in law" is found in only a small number of laws still in effect today. The term "lawsuit" is used in reference to a civil action brought by a plaintiff (a party who claims to have incurred loss as a result of a defendant's actions) requests a legal remedy or equitable remedy from a court. The defendant is required to respond to the plaintiff's complaint. If the plaintiff is successful, judgment is in the plaintiff's favor, and a variety of court orders may be issued to enforce a right, award damages, or impose a temporary or permanent injunction to prevent an act or compel an act. A declaratory judgment may be issued to prevent future legal disputes. A lawsuit may involve dispute resolution of private law issues between individuals, business entities or non-profit organizations. A lawsuit may also enable the state to be treated as if it were a private ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Religious Police
Islamic religious police (also sometimes known as morality police or sharia police) are official Islamic vice squad police agencies, often in Islamic countries, which enforce religious observance and public morality on behalf of national or regional authorities based on its interpretation of sharia. Modern Islamic religious police forces were first established in the late-1970s amidst the Iranian Revolution and the Islamic revival the revolution brought; prior, the administration of public morality in most Islamic countries was considered a socioreligious matter, and was enforced through application of civil laws or through more informal means. The powers and responsibilities of Islamic religious police vary by country, but in contrast to the enforcement of laws against crimes like robbery and murder by conventional police forces, Islamic religious police have focused more on such issues as preventing the consumption of alcohol, mixing of men and women, playing of music and pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
