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Elections In The European Union
Elections to the European Parliament take place every five years by Universal suffrage, universal adult suffrage; with more than 400 million people eligible to vote, they are the second largest democratic elections in the world after Elections in India, India's. Until 2019, 751 Member of the European Parliament, MEPs were elected to the European Parliament, which has been directly elected since 1979 European Parliament election, 1979. Since the Brexit, withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU in 2020, the number of MEPs, including the President of the European Parliament, president, has been 705. No other EU institution is directly elected, with the Council of the European Union and the European Council being only indirectly legitimated through national elections. While European political party, European political parties have the right to campaign EU-wide for the European elections, campaigns still take place through national election campaigns, advertising national dele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Parliament Strasbourg Hemicycle - Diliff
European, or Europeans, may refer to: In general * ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Europe ** Ethnic groups in Europe ** Demographics of Europe ** European cuisine, the cuisines of Europe and other Western countries * ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to the European Union ** European Union citizenship ** Demographics of the European Union In publishing *The European (1953 magazine), ''The European'' (1953 magazine), a far-right cultural and political magazine published 1953–1959 *The European (newspaper), ''The European'' (newspaper), a British weekly newspaper published 1990–1998 *The European (2009 magazine), ''The European'' (2009 magazine), a German magazine first published in September 2009 *''The European Magazine'', a magazine published in London 1782–1826 *''The New European'', a British weekly pop-up newspaper first published in July 2016 Other uses * * Europeans (band), a British po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to political divisions (Political party, political parties) among voters. The aim of such systems is that all votes cast contribute to the result so that each representative in an assembly is mandated by a roughly equal number of voters, and therefore all votes have equal weight. Under other election systems, a bare Plurality (voting), plurality or a scant majority in a district are all that are used to elect a member or group of members. PR systems provide balanced representation to different factions, usually defined by parties, reflecting how votes were cast. Where only a choice of parties is allowed, the seats are allocated to parties in proportion to the vote tally or ''vote share'' each party receives. Exact proportionality is never achieved under PR systems, except by chance. The use of elector ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wales (European Parliament Constituency)
Wales ( ) was a constituency of the European Parliament. It elected 4 Members of the European Parliament, MEPs using the D'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation, until the Brexit, UK exit from the European Union on 31 January 2020. Boundaries The constituency corresponded to the boundaries of Wales, one of the Countries of the United Kingdom, four countries of the United Kingdom. History It was formed as a result of the European Parliamentary Elections Act 1999, replacing a number of single-member constituencies. These were Mid and West Wales (European Parliament constituency), Mid and West Wales, North Wales (European Parliament constituency), North Wales, South Wales Central (European Parliament constituency), South Wales Central, South Wales East (European Parliament constituency), South Wales East, and South Wales West (European Parliament constituency), South Wales West. Returned members Election results Elected candidates are shown in bold. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scotland (European Parliament Constituency)
Scotland (, ) was a constituency of the European Parliament created in 1999. It elected between eight and six Members of the European Parliament, MEPs using the D'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation every five years from 1999 until 2020. The constituency was abolished after the United Kingdom Brexit, left the European Union on 31 January 2020. Boundaries The constituency's boundaries were the same as those of Scotland, one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. History The constituency was formed as a result of the European Parliamentary Elections Act 1999, replacing a number of single-member constituencies. These were Glasgow (European Parliament constituency), Glasgow, Highlands and Islands (European Parliament constituency), Highlands and Islands, Lothians (European Parliament constituency), Lothians, Mid Scotland and Fife (European Parliament constituency), Mid Scotland and Fife, North East Scotland (European Parliament constituency), North Eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German-speaking Electoral College
The German-speaking electoral college is one of three constituencies of the European Parliament in Belgium. It elects just one MEP for East Belgium, making it the only such constituency, effectively making it first past the post between parties (the party with the most votes gets the seat). However, the electoral system in Belgium uses semi- open lists, therefore the winning candidate is theoretically not necessarily the first candidate on the winning party list. The semi-open list uses a 50% threshold for preference votes (due to having only one MEP), making it the highest in European Parliament elections. This is the European Parliament's smallest constituency, with an electorate at the 2004 election of just 46,914. Boundaries The constituency corresponds to the German-speaking Community of Belgium The German-speaking Community (, , DG), also known as East Belgium ( ), is one of the three Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium, federal communities of Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French-speaking Electoral College
The French-speaking electoral college is one of three constituencies of the European Parliament in Belgium. It currently elects 8 MEPs using the D'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation. It elected 9 MEPs until the 2007 accession of Bulgaria and Romania. Prior to the 1999 elections, electors in the German-speaking community were voting in the French-speaking electoral college, along with the rest of the Walloon region where they are located; they vote now in their own German-speaking electoral college. Boundaries The constituency corresponds to the French Community of Belgium. In officially bilingual Brussels, electors can choose between lists of this electoral college or those of the Dutch-speaking electoral college. In the rest of the country, voters vote according to the region in which they reside. Prior to the 2011–2012 state reform, electors could choose between both lists not only in Brussels, but in an area encompassing unilingually Dutch territory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch-speaking Electoral College
Dutch ( ) is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language. In Europe, Dutch is the native language of most of the population of the Netherlands and Flanders (which includes 60% of the population of Belgium). "1% of the EU population claims to speak Dutch well enough in order to have a conversation." (page 153). Dutch was one of the official languages of South Africa until 1925, when it was replaced by Afrikaans, a separate but partially mutually intelligible daughter language of Dutch. Afrikaans, depending on the definition used, may be considered a sister language, spoken, to some degree, by at least 16 million people, mainly in South Africa and Namibia, and evolving from Cape Dutch dialects. In South America, Dutch is the native language of the majority of the population of Suriname, and spoken as a second or third la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Parliament Constituency
Member of the European Parliament, Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) are Elections in the European Union, elected by the population of the Member state of the European Union, member states of the European Union (EU). The European Electoral Act 2002 allows member states the choice to allocate electoral district, electoral subdivisions or constituencies (; ; ; ) for the European Parliament elections in several different ways. Most EU countries operate a single national constituency which elects MEPs for the whole country. Belgium and Ireland are each subdivided into constituencies, with electoral results calculated separately in each constituency. Germany, Italy and Poland are each subdivided into electoral districts, with the number of representatives determined at the national level after each election in proportion to the votes cast in each district. In Germany, political parties are entitled to present lists of candidates either at States of Germany, Länder or natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to the south, and the North Sea to the west. Belgium covers an area of and has a population of more than 11.8 million; its population density of ranks List of countries and dependencies by population density, 22nd in the world and Area and population of European countries, sixth in Europe. The capital and Metropolitan areas in Belgium, largest metropolitan region is City of Brussels, Brussels; other major cities are Antwerp, Ghent, Charleroi, Liège, Bruges, Namur, and Leuven. Belgium is a parliamentary system, parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a complex Federation, federal system structured on regional and linguistic grounds. The country is divided into three highly autonomous Communities, regions and language areas o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Election Threshold
The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of votes that a candidate or political party requires before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can operate in various ways; for example, in party-list proportional representation systems where an electoral threshold requires that a party must receive a specified minimum percentage of votes (e.g. 5%), either nationally or in a particular electoral district, to obtain seats in the legislature. In single transferable voting, the election threshold is called the quota, and it is possible to achieve it by receiving first-choice votes alone or by a combination of first-choice votes and votes transferred from other candidates based on lower preferences. In mixed-member-proportional (MMP) systems, the election threshold determines which parties are eligible for top-up seats in the legislative chamber. Some MMP systems still allow a party to retain the seats they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Largest Remainder Method
Party-list proportional representation Apportionment methods The quota or divide-and-rank methods make up a category of apportionment rules, i.e. algorithms for allocating seats in a legislative body among multiple groups (e.g. parties or federal states). The quota methods begin by calculating an entitlement (basic number of seats) for each party, by dividing their vote totals by an electoral quota (a fixed number of votes needed to win a seat, as a unit). Then, leftover seats, if any are allocated by rounding up the apportionment for some parties. These rules are typically contrasted with the more popular highest averages methods (also called divisor methods). By far the most common quota method are the largest remainders or quota-shift methods, which assign any leftover seats to the "plurality" winners (the parties with the largest remainders, i.e. most leftover votes). When using the Hare quota, this rule is called Hamilton's method, and is the third-most common ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Highest Averages Method
The highest averages, divisor, or divide-and-round methods are a family of Apportionment (politics), apportionment rules, i.e. algorithms for fair division of seats in a legislature between several groups (like Political party, political parties or State (sub-national), states). More generally, divisor methods are used to round shares of a total to a Ratio, fraction with a fixed denominator (e.g. percentage points, which must add up to 100). The methods aim to treat voters equally by ensuring legislators One man, one vote, represent an equal number of voters by ensuring every party has the same seats-to-votes ratio (or ''divisor''). Such methods divide the number of votes by the number of votes needed to win a seat. The final apportionment. In doing so, the method approximately maintains proportional representation, meaning that a party with e.g. twice as many votes will win about twice as many seats. The divisor methods are generally preferred by Social choice theory, social ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
