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Elections In Singapore
Elections in Singapore comprise two types: parliamentary and presidential elections. Under the Constitution of Singapore, a general election must be held within three months of the dissolution of Parliament, which has a maximum term of five years from the date of its first sitting. Presidential elections are held every six years. All elections in Singapore operate under the first-past-the-post voting (FPTP) system. Singapore employs an official sample count system to provide early indications of election outcomes. At each polling station, a counting assistant randomly selects 100 ballots, which are then tallied to produce a mini-sample. These samples are aggregated and weighted according to the number of votes cast at each station to generate constituency-level projections. Based on simple random sampling, the estimates typically achieve a 95% confidence level with a margin of error of 4–5%. This system is designed to offer a statistically reliable and timely snapshot of t ...
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People's Action Party
The People's Action Party (PAP) is a major Conservatism, conservative political party in Singapore and is the governing contemporary political party represented in the Parliament of Singapore, followed by the opposition Workers' Party of Singapore, Workers' Party (WP). The PAP was established in 1954 as a conventional centre-left party. Following its initial electoral success in 1959 Singaporean general election, 1959, Prime Minister of Singapore, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew sought to reposition the party ideologically toward the centrism, centre. In pursuit of this objective, he expelled the party's Barisan Sosialis, leftist faction in 1961, during the period of Singapore in Malaysia, Singapore's merger with Malaysia. Over the course of the 1960s and since then, the PAP continued its ideological shift towards the centre-right. After Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965, Singapore's separation from Malaysia and subsequent independence in 1965, the majority of opposition part ...
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Singapore Democratic Party
The Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) is a social liberal political party in Singapore. Founded in 1980 by Chiam See Tong, the party gained its first seat in 6th Parliament of Singapore, Parliament in 1984 Singaporean general election, 1984 when Chiam was elected the MP for Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency, Potong Pasir. In the 1991 Singaporean general election, 1991 general election, the SDP achieved its peak electoral success, securing three parliamentary seats with Ling How Doong and Cheo Chai Chen winning in Bukit Gombak Single Member Constituency, Bukit Gombak and Nee Soon Central Single Member Constituency, Nee Soon respectively. However, internal conflicts emerged in 1993, leading to Chiam's departure from the party in 1996 to form the Singapore People's Party (SPP). He was succeeded by Chee Soon Juan, who has served as Secretary-General since then. The SDP identifies as a centrism, centrist to centre-left party, drawing on both liberalism, liberal and social democra ...
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Chiam See Tong
Chiam See Tong (; born 12 March 1935) is a Singaporean retired politician who served as the secretary-general of the opposition Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) from 1980 to 1993 and as the secretary-general of the opposition Singapore People's Party (SPP) from 2011 to 2019. He was also the chairman of the Singapore Democratic Alliance (SDA) between 2001 and 2011, and the ''de facto'' Leader of the Opposition (Singapore), Leader of the Opposition from 1986 to 1993 and again from 1997 to 2006. He was a Parliament of Singapore, Member of Parliament (MP) for Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency (SMC) from 1984 to 2011. Formerly a lawyer by profession, Chiam contested the 1976 Singaporean general election, 1976 general election and 1979 Singaporean by-elections, 1979 by-elections as an Independent politician, independent candidate in Cairnhill Single Member Constituency, Cairnhill SMC and Potong Pasir SMC but lost both. He founded and led the SDP to contest in the 1980 Singapor ...
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1981 Anson By-election
The 1981 Anson by-election was a parliamentary by-election held in Singapore on 31 October 1981 for the Anson Constituency. It was called following the resignation of Devan Nair, the incumbent Member of Parliament (MP) from the People's Action Party (PAP), who had vacated the seat to become the third President of Singapore. The by-election marked a pivotal moment in Singapore's political history, as it resulted in the first opposition victory in Parliament since independence in 1965. The by-election was contested by three candidates: Pang Kim Hin of the PAP, J.B. Jeyaretnam of the Workers' Party (Singapore), Workers' Party (WP), and Harbans Singh of the United People's Front (Singapore), United People's Front (UPF). Jeyaretnam won with 51.9% of the vote, defeating the PAP candidate with a significant swing. His victory ended the PAP's unbroken control of all parliamentary seats since 1968 and marked the return of an opposition voice to the legislature. The result was seen as a b ...
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Workers' Party (Singapore)
The Workers' Party (WP) is a major Social democracy, social democratic List of political parties in Singapore, political party in Singapore and one of the two contemporary political parties represented in Parliament of Singapore, Parliament, alongside the governing People's Action Party (PAP). The WP sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum and is currently the largest and oldest opposition party in Parliament, having contested every parliamentary election since 1959 against the dominant PAP. Since the 2011 Singaporean general election, 2011 general election, the WP has been the only political party, other than the PAP, with elected Members of Parliament (MPs). The WP was founded in 1957 by David Marshall (Singaporean politician), David Marshall, having previously led the more left-wing Labour Front (LF) to victory in 1955 Singaporean general election, 1955, forming a minority government and becoming the first Chief Minister of Singapore. After the British initially rej ...
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Cold War
The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The term ''Cold war (term), cold war'' is used because there was no direct fighting between the two superpowers, though each supported opposing sides in regional conflicts known as proxy wars. In addition to the struggle for ideological and economic influence and an arms race in both conventional and Nuclear arms race, nuclear weapons, the Cold War was expressed through technological rivalries such as the Space Race, espionage, propaganda campaigns, Economic sanctions, embargoes, and sports diplomacy. After the end of World War II in 1945, during which the US and USSR had been allies, the USSR installed satellite state, satellite governments in its occupied territories in Eastern Europe and N ...
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Communist
Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products in society based on need.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." A communist society entails the absence of private property and social classes, and ultimately money and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a libertarian socialist approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and an authoritarian socialist, vanguardist, or party-driven approach to establish a socialist state, which is expected to wither away. Communist parties have been described as radi ...
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Chia Thye Poh
Chia Thye Poh (born 4 April 1941) is a Singaporean former politician. A former member of the Barisan Sosialis, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Jurong SMC between 1963 and 1966. He was the 4th Leader of the Opposition in 1966. A leftist populist, Chia is most notable for being detained between 1966 and 1989 under the Internal Security Act for allegedly conducting pro-communist activities against the government, with the intention of causing a communist revolution. As a result, he was imprisoned for 23 years without trial and subsequently placed under conditions of house arrest, also without trial, for another nine years—in which he was first confined to the island of Sentosa and then subject to restrictions on his place of abode, employment, travel, and exercise of political rights. All restrictions were eventually lifted in 1998. Prior to his detention, he was a teacher, physics lecturer, socialist political activist and a Member of Parliament. Subsequent t ...
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Lim Hock Siew
Lim Hock Siew (; 21 February 1931 – 4 June 2012) was a Singaporean politician, political prisoner and medical doctor. Education Lim attended the Rangoon Road School and then the Raffles Institution. Then he studied medicine at the University of Malaya. At university, he was a committed founder-member of the University Socialist Club (USC) and a leader of the university's student union. Career Political career In 1953, he met Lee Kuan Yew, then a young lawyer helping to defend eight USC students charged for sedition by the British. They won the case and the USC rallied behind Lee Kuan Yew and his associates when they formed the People's Action Party (PAP) in 1954. Lim was a member of the PAP from its inception until 1961, and as its member campaigned in the 1955 and 1959 Singapore general elections. On 26 July 1961, thirteen left-wing PAP assemblymen who had abstained in a crucial vote of confidence for the government held five days earlier were expelled from the PAP. ...
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Said Zahari
Said Zahari ( – ) was a Singaporean writer and journalist. He was a former editor-in-chief of the Malay language newspaper '' Utusan Melayu'', and an advocate of unbiased freedom of the press. Although he resided in Malaysia with his family, he insisted on retaining his Singapore citizenship. Early life Said was born in Singapore to Javanese parents. He led a journalists' strike against the takeover of the newspaper by United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). At the time Utusan Melayu, founded by Yusof Ishak, was a progressive newspaper at the time and not a government propaganda instrument. Also known as ''Pak Said'', he was detained on 2 February 1963 at 4.30 am by the Singapore Government and subsequently held for 17 years without trial. Allegations against him included being a "Communist". He now holds the distinction of being the second longest-serving political detainee in Singapore after Chia Thye Poh. He was arrested during Operation Coldstore, a joint Malaysian ...
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