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Edmond And Lily Safra Center For Brain Sciences
Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC) () is a brain science research center affiliated with Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The director of the center is Prof. Leon Y. Deouell. History The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences was established in 2009. It is located in the Goodman Brain Sciences building on the Edmond J. Safra campus of the Hebrew University in Givat Ram, Jerusalem. The mission of the center is to gain more insight into the theoretical, biological and cognitive aspects of the brain; pursue interdisciplinary research to meet the scientific and technological challenges of the 21st century; promote academic collaboration and engage in community outreach. In 1991, the university founded the Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation (ICNC) which introduced a new interdisciplinary doctoral program combining life science, psychology, cognition and other disciplines associated with brain research. In 2006, the president of Hebrew Univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrew University Of Jerusalem
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI; ) is an Israeli public university, public research university based in Jerusalem. Co-founded by Albert Einstein and Chaim Weizmann in July 1918, the public university officially opened on 1 April 1925. It is the second-oldest Israeli university, having been founded 30 years before the Israeli Declaration of Independence, establishment of the State of Israel but six years after the older Technion university. The HUJI has three campuses in Jerusalem: one in Rehovot, one in Rishon LeZion and one in Eilat. Until 2023, the world's largest library for Jewish studies—the National Library of Israel—was located on its Edmond Safra, Edmond J. Safra campus in the Givat Ram neighbourhood of Jerusalem. The university has five affiliated teaching hospitals (including the Hadassah Medical Center), seven faculties, more than 100 research centers, and 315 academic departments. , one-third of all the doctoral candidates in Israel were studying at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transcriptomics
Transcriptomics technologies are the techniques used to study an organism's transcriptome, the sum of all of its RNA, RNA transcripts. The information content of an organism is recorded in the DNA of its genome and Gene expression, expressed through Transcription (genetics), transcription. Here, mRNA serves as a transient intermediary molecule in the information network, whilst non-coding RNAs perform additional diverse functions. A transcriptome captures a snapshot in time of the total transcripts present in a cell (biology), cell. Transcriptomics technologies provide a broad account of which cellular processes are active and which are dormant. A major challenge in molecular biology is to understand how a single genome gives rise to a variety of cells. Another is how gene expression is regulated. The first attempts to study whole transcriptomes began in the early 1990s. Subsequent technological advances since the late 1990s have repeatedly transformed the field and made transcript ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brain Prize
The Brain Prize, formerly known as The Grete Lundbeck European Brain Research Prize, is an international scientific award honouring "one or more scientists who have distinguished themselves by an outstanding contribution to neuroscience and who are still active in research". Founded in 2011 by the Lundbeck Foundation, the prize is associated with a DKK 10 million award to the nominees, the world’s largest brain research prize. Nominees can be of any nationality. Prize winners are expected to interact with Danish brain researchers e.g. through lectures, master classes, seminars, exchange programmes for researchers or other activities agreed with and financially supported by the Lundbeck Foundation. History The Brain Prize was established by the Lundbeck Foundation in 2010 as a European prize and was awarded for the first time in 2011. Today the Prize is global. Selection committee As of 2024, the selection committee for the prize consisted of: * Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg (chair) - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haim Sompolinsky
Haim Sompolinsky (; born 1949) is the William N. Skirball Professor of Neuroscience at the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (formerly the Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation), and a professor of physics at the Racah Institute of Physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is also a visiting professor in the Center of Brain Science at Harvard University and the director of Harvard's Swartz Program in Theoretical Neuroscience. He is widely regarded as one of the leaders of theoretical neuroscience. Biography Haim Sompolinsky was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He received his Ph.D. in physics from Bar-Ilan University in Israel in 1980. He then worked as postdoctoral fellow in the physics department at Harvard University until 1982, under the supervision of Professor Bertrand Halperin. Scientific career Sompolinsky was appointed associate professor of physics at Bar-Ilan University until 1986, when he moved to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem as pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal Ganglia
The basal ganglia (BG) or basal nuclei are a group of subcortical Nucleus (neuroanatomy), nuclei found in the brains of vertebrates. In humans and other primates, differences exist, primarily in the division of the globus pallidus into external and internal regions, and in the division of the striatum. Positioned at the base of the forebrain and the top of the midbrain, they have strong connections with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, brainstem and other brain areas. The basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions, including regulating voluntary motor control, motor movements, procedural memory, procedural learning, habituation, habit formation, conditional learning, eye movements, cognition, and emotion. The main functional components of the basal ganglia include the striatum, consisting of both the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) and the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle), the globus pallidus, the ventral pallidum, the substa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Israel Prize
The Israel Prize (; ''pras israél'') is an award bestowed by the State of Israel, and regarded as the state's highest cultural honor. History Prior to the Israel Prize, the most significant award in the arts was the Dizengoff Prize and in Israeli literature, literature the Bialik Prize, awarded by the Tel Aviv municipality annually since 1930s. The Israel Prize is awarded annually, on Yom Ha'atzmaut, Israeli Independence Day, in a state ceremony in Jerusalem, in the presence of the President of Israel, President, the Prime Minister of Israel, Prime Minister, the List of Knesset speakers, Speaker of the Knesset (Israel's legislature), and the Supreme Court of Israel, Supreme Court President. The prize was established in 1953 at the initiative of the Education Minister of Israel, Minister of Education Ben-Zion Dinor, who himself went on to win the prize in 1958 and 1973. Awarding the prize The prize is awarded in the following four areas, with the precise subfields changing from y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hagai Bergman
Hagai Bergman (; born 1952 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli neuroscientist best known for his work on the basal ganglia and their involvement in movement disorders, especially Parkinson's disease. He is currently the Simone and Bernard Guttman Chair in Brain Research and Professor of Physiology in the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He received the Israel Prize in Life Sciences Research for the year 2024. Early life and education Bergman was born in 1952, in Tel Aviv, Israel. He pursued his early education in physics and mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he earned a B.Sc. in 1971 and an M.Sc. in 1973. He later transitioned to medicine and physiology, earning his M.D. in 1980 and a Ph.D. in physiology in 1986 from the same institution. Career Bergman's research has significantly advanced our understanding of the basal ganglia's function and their implications in neurological diseases. His work has contri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrocytes
Astrocytes (from Ancient Greek , , "star" and , , "cavity", "cell"), also known collectively as astroglia, are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. They perform many functions, including biochemical control of endothelial cells that form the blood–brain barrier, provision of nutrients to the nervous tissue, maintenance of extracellular ion balance, regulation of cerebral blood flow, and a role in the repair and Glial scar, scarring process of the brain and spinal cord following infection and traumatic injuries. The proportion of astrocytes in the brain is not well defined; depending on the counting technique used, studies have found that the astrocyte proportion varies by region and ranges from 20% to around 40% of all glia. Another study reports that astrocytes are the most numerous cell type in the brain. Astrocytes are the major source of cholesterol in the central nervous system. Apolipoprotein E transports cholesterol from astrocytes to neuro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marmosets
The marmosets (), also known as zaris or sagoin, are twenty-two New World monkey species of the genera '' Callithrix'', ''Cebuella'', '' Callibella'', and ''Mico''. All four genera are part of the biological family Callitrichidae. The term "marmoset" is also used in reference to Goeldi's marmoset, ''Callimico goeldii'', which is closely related. Most marmosets are about long. Relative to other monkeys, they show some apparently primitive features; they have claws rather than nails, and tactile hairs on their wrists. They lack wisdom teeth, and their brain layout seems to be relatively primitive. Their body temperature is unusually variable, changing by up to in a day. Marmosets are native to South America and have been found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru. They have also been occasionally spotted in Central America and southern Mexico. They are sometimes kept as pets, though they have specific dietary and habitat needs that require consideration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naomi Habib
Naomi Habib () is an Israeli computational neuroscientist who researches cognitive decline and resilience. She has worked as the Goren-Khazzam Lecturer in Brain Sciences and an assistant professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem since 2018. Life Habib earned a Ph.D. in computational biology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2012. Her doctoral advisers were Nir Friedman and Hanah Margalit. Her dissertation was titled ''Computational Comparative Study of Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes''. She conducted a postdoctoral fellowship at the Broad Institute under Feng Zhang and Aviv Regev. She was researching the development of a single nucleus RNA-sequencing technology. Habib is a computational neuroscientist who researches cognitive decline and resilience. She specializes in computational biology, genomics, and genome engineering. In August 2018, she returned to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem as the Gorem-Khazzam Lecturer in Brain Sciences and an assista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alzheimer's
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motivation, self-neglect, and behavioral issues. As a person's condition declines, they often withdraw from family and society. Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death. Although the speed of progression can vary, the average life expectancy following diagnosis is three to twelve years. The causes of Alzheimer's disease remain poorly understood. There are many environmental and genetic risk factors associated with its development. The strongest genetic risk factor is from an allele of apolipoprotein E. Other risk factors include a history of head injury, clinical depression, and high blood pressure. The progression of the dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parkinson's
Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a neurodegenerative disease primarily of the central nervous system, affecting both motor and non-motor systems. Symptoms typically develop gradually and non-motor issues become more prevalent as the disease progresses. The motor symptoms are collectively called parkinsonism and include tremors, bradykinesia, rigidity as well as postural instability (i.e., difficulty maintaining balance). Non-motor symptoms develop later in the disease and include behavioral changes or neuropsychiatric problems such as sleep abnormalities, psychosis, anosmia, and mood swings. Most Parkinson's disease cases are idiopathic, though contributing factors have been identified. Pathophysiology involves progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the substantia nigra, a midbrain region that provides dopamine to the basal ganglia, a system involved in voluntary motor control. The cause of this cell death is poorly understood but involves the aggreg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
