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Eckol
Eckol is a phlorotannin isolated from brown algae in the family Lessoniaceae such as species in the genus '' Ecklonia'' such as '' E. cava'' or '' E. kurome'' or in the genus '' Eisenia'' such as '' Eisenia bicyclis''. The molecule possesses a dibenzo-''p''-dioxin skeleton and a phloroglucinol component. The molecule can also be viewed as a phloroglucinol trimer. It exhibits an antiplasmin inhibitory effect and a radioprotective effect in a mouse model. It also exhibits an ''in vitro'' cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. It also shows antithrombotic An antithrombotic agent is a drug that reduces the formation of blood clots ( thrombi).http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?antithrombotic Antithrombotics can be used therapeutically for prevention ( primary prevention, secondary prevention) or ... and profibrinolytic activities. References {{phlorotannin Phlorotannins Dibenzodioxins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlorotannin
Phlorotannins are a type of tannins found in brown algae such as kelps and rockweeds or sargassacean species, and in a lower amount also in some red algae. Contrary to hydrolysable or condensed tannins, these compounds are oligomers of phloroglucinol (polyphloroglucinols). As they are called tannins, they have the ability to precipitate proteins. It has been noticed that some phlorotannins have the ability to oxidize and form covalent bonds with some proteins. In contrast, under similar experimental conditions three types of terrestrial tannins (procyanidins, profisetinidins, and gallotannins) apparently did not form covalent complexes with proteins. These phenolic compounds are integral structural components of cell walls in brown algae, but they also seem to play many other secondary ecological roles such as protection from UV radiation and defense against grazing. Biosynthesis and localization Most of the phlorotannins' biosynthesis is still unknown, but it appears they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecklonia Kurome
''Ecklonia kurome'' ( (kurome), zh, 鹅掌菜) is a brown alga species in the genus '' Ecklonia'' found in the Sea of Japan. The phlorotannins eckol, phlorofucofuroeckol A and 8,8'-bieckol can be found in ''Ecklonia kurome''. An oligosaccharide extract from ''Ecklonia kurome'' called is approved in China for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, but the evidence is highly dubious. See also * Kombu ''Konbu'' (from ) is edible kelp mostly from the family Laminariaceae and is widely eaten in East Asia. It may also be referred to as ''dasima'' () or ''haidai'' (). Kelp features in the diets of many civilizations, including Chinese and Icela ... References External links algaebase.org kurome Plants described in 1927 Biota of the Temperate Northern Pacific {{Phaeophyceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eisenia Bicyclis
, sea oak is a species of kelp, of the brown algae, best known for its use in Japanese cuisine. Description ''Eisenia bicyclis'' is indigenous to temperate Pacific Ocean waters centered near Japan, although it is deliberately cultured elsewhere, including South Korea. Arame , Food to Good Health, 2010 retrieved 8 February 2013 It grows and reproduces seasonally. Two flattened oval fronds rise from a stiff woody stipe which can be up to about tall. The fronds are shed and new ones formed annually. The plant appears both branched and feathered. It may be harvested by divers manually or mechanically, and the dried form is available year-round. Cuisine It is one of many species of |
Phlorotannins
Phlorotannins are a type of tannins found in brown algae such as kelps and rockweeds or sargassacean species, and in a lower amount also in some red algae. Contrary to hydrolysable or condensed tannins, these compounds are oligomers of phloroglucinol (polyphloroglucinols). As they are called tannins, they have the ability to precipitate proteins. It has been noticed that some phlorotannins have the ability to oxidize and form covalent bonds with some proteins. In contrast, under similar experimental conditions three types of terrestrial tannins (procyanidins, profisetinidins, and gallotannins) apparently did not form covalent complexes with proteins. These phenolic compounds are integral structural components of cell walls in brown algae, but they also seem to play many other secondary ecological roles such as protection from UV radiation and defense against grazing. Biosynthesis and localization Most of the phlorotannins' biosynthesis is still unknown, but it appears they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecklonia Cava
''Ecklonia cava'', also called paddle weed, , ''noro-kajime'', or ''gamtae'' (), is an edible marine brown alga species found in the ocean off Japan and Korea. It is used as an herbal remedy in the form of an extract called ''Seanol'', a polyphenolic extract, and ''Ventol'', a phlorotannin-rich natural agent. Phlorotannins, such as fucodiphlorethol G, 7-phloro eckol, 6,6'-bieckol, eckol, 8,8'-bieckol, 8,4"'-dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol A can be isolated from ''Ecklonia cava''. Other components are common sterol derivatives ( fucosterol, ergosterol and cholesterol). It is also identified as a viable colloid source for use in the biotech industry. Nomenclature ''Ecklonia cava'' answers to the English common name "paddle weed"; it is also referred by the common names "''kajime''" or "''noro-kajime''" of Japanese origin. In fact, the standard common name for ''E. cava'' in modern-day Japanese is , to be distinguished from the wrinkled-leaved ''Eisenia bicyclis'' ( '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecklonia
''Ecklonia'' is a genus of kelp (brown algae) belonging to the family Lessoniaceae. The genus name of ''Ecklonia'' is in honour of Christian Friedrich Ecklon (1795–1868), who was a Danish botanical collector and apothecary. The genus was circumscribed by Jens Wilken Hornemann in Kongl. Danske Vidensk. Selk. Naturvidenskab. Math. Afh. Vol.3 on pages 385–388 in 1828. Known species * '' Ecklonia biruncinata'' * '' Ecklonia brevipes'' * ''Ecklonia cava'' * '' Ecklonia fastigiata'' * ''Ecklonia kurome'' * '' Ecklonia maxima'' * '' Ecklonia muratii'' * '' Ecklonia radiata'' * '' Ecklonia stolonifera'' * '' Ecklonia radicosa'' ''Ecklonia'' species produce eckol-type phlorotannins.Protective effect of phlorotannin components phloroglucinol and eckol on radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice. Changjong Moon, Sung-Ho Kim, Jong-Choon Kim, Jin Won Hyun, Nam Ho Lee, Jae Woo Park and Taekyun Shin, Phytotherapy Research, February 2008, Volume 22, Issue 2, pages 238–242, The name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eisenia (alga)
''Eisenia'' is a brown alga genus in the family ''Lessoniaceae''. The genus is named for California Academy of Sciences curator, Gustav Eisen. The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Johan Erhard Areschoug in Bot. Not. (1876) on page 68 in 1876 ''Eisenia bicyclis'' () is a species of kelp best known for its use in Japanese cuisine. Species * ''Eisenia arborea'' * ''Eisenia bicyclis'' * ''Eisenia cokeri'' * ''Eisenia desmarestioides'' * ''Eisenia galapagensis'' * ''Eisenia gracilis'' * ''Eisenia masonii'' References External links * Lessoniaceae Laminariales genera {{Phaeophyceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dibenzo-1,4-dioxin
Dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, also dibenzodioxin or dibenzo-''p''-dioxin (dibenzo-''para''-dioxin), is a polycyclic heterocyclic organic compound in which two benzene rings are connected by a 1,4-dioxin ring. Its molecular formula is C12H8O2. The two oxygen atoms occupy opposite ( ''para''-) positions in the six-membered dioxin ring. Dibenzodioxin is the carbon skeleton of the poisonous polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), often called dioxins. The most harmful PCDD is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds is a category of pollutants that includes PCDDs and other compounds that have similar structure, toxicity, and persistence. Dibenzodioxin is also the skeleton of the polybrominated dibenzodioxins. Isomer The general name dibenzodioxin usually refers to dibenzo-''p''-dioxin. The isomeric compound dibenzo-''o''-dioxin (dibenzo-''ortho''-dioxin) or dibenzo-1,2-dioxin, like the unstable 1,2-dioxin, has two adjacent oxygen atoms ( ''ortho''-). No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lessoniaceae
Lessoniaceae are a family of kelp. Species of this family have a transition zone with the intercalary meristem subdivided so that there are a number of secondary stipes in addition to the primary Stipe (botany), stipe. Genera and species *''Ecklonia'' **''Ecklonia arborea'' **''Ecklonia cava'' **''Ecklonia kurome'' **''Ecklonia maxima'' **''Ecklonia radiata'' **''Ecklonia stolonifera'' *''Eckloniopsis'' **''Eckloniopsis radicosa'' *''Egregia'' **''Egregia menziesii'' - feather boa *''Eisenia (alga), Eisenia'' **''Eisenia arborea'' - southern sea palm, sea oak **''Eisenia bicyclis'' - arame *''Lessonia (alga), Lessonia'' **''Lessonia adamsiae'' **''Lessonia brevifolia'' **''Lessonia corrugata'' **''Lessonia flavicans'' **''Lessonia nigrescens'' **''Lessonia spicata'' **''Lessonia tholiformis'' **''Lessonia trabeculata'' **''Lessonia vadosa'' **''Lessonia variegata'' References Lessoniaceae, Brown algae families {{Phaeophyceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trimer (chemistry)
In chemistry, a trimer (; ) is a molecule or polyatomic anion formed by combination or association of three molecules or ions of the same substance. In technical jargon, a trimer is a kind of oligomer derived from three identical Precursor (chemistry), precursors often in competition with polymerization. Examples Alkyne trimerization In 1866, Marcellin Berthelot reported the first example of cyclotrimerization, the conversion of acetylene to benzene. This process was commercialized: : Nitrile trimerization Symmetrical 1,3,5-triazines are prepared by trimerization of certain nitriles such as cyanogen chloride. Cyanogen chloride and cyanogen bromide each trimerize at elevated temperatures over a carbon catalyst. The chloride gives cyanuric chloride: : The bromide has an extended shelflife when refrigerated. Like the chloride, it undergoes ab exothermic trimerization to form cyanuric bromide. This reaction is catalyzed by traces of bromine, metal salts, acids and bases. For th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiplasmin
Alpha 2-antiplasmin (or α2-antiplasmin or plasmin inhibitor) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) responsible for inactivating plasmin. Plasmin is an important enzyme that participates in fibrinolysis and degradation of various other proteins. This protein is encoded by the ''SERPINF2'' gene. Structure Alpha 2-antiplasmin (α2AP) is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily and is structurally characterized by a central serpin domain flanked by unique N- and C-terminal extensions. The mature human α2AP protein consists of 452 amino acids, with a 12-residue N-terminus, a central serpin domain, and a C-terminal tail of approximately 55 residues. The reactive center loop, which is crucial for its inhibitory function, protrudes from the central serpin domain and contains the Arg364-Met365 peptide bond that is specifically targeted and cleaved by plasmin. There are two main circulating forms: Met-α2A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radioprotective
Nuclear safety is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The achievement of proper operating conditions, prevention of accidents or mitigation of accident consequences, resulting in protection of workers, the public and the environment from undue radiation hazards". The IAEA defines nuclear security as "The prevention and detection of and response to, theft, sabotage, unauthorized access, illegal transfer or other malicious acts involving nuclear materials, other radioactive substances or their associated facilities". This covers nuclear power plants and all other nuclear facilities, the transportation of nuclear materials, and the use and storage of nuclear materials for medical, power, industry, and military uses. The nuclear power industry has improved the safety and performance of reactors, and has proposed new and safer reactor designs. However, a perfect safety cannot be guaranteed. Potential sources of problems include human errors and external even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
