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Earls Of Berkeley
The title Baron Berkeley originated as a English feudal barony, feudal title and was subsequently created twice in the Peerage of England by Hereditary peer#Writs of summons, writ. It was first granted by writ to Thomas de Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley (1245–1321), 6th feudal Baron Berkeley, in 1295, but the title of that creation became extinct at the death of his great-great-grandson, the fifth Baron by writ, when no male heirs to the barony by writ remained, although the feudal barony continued. The next creation by writ was in 1421, for the last baron's nephew and heir James Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley, James Berkeley. His son and successor William was created Viscount Berkeley in 1481, Earl of Nottingham in 1483, and Marquess of Berkeley in 1488. He had no surviving male issue, so the Marquessate and his other non-inherited titles became extinct on his death in 1491, whilst the barony passed ''de jure'' to his younger brother Maurice. However, William had disinherited Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berkeley Arms
Berkeley most often refers to: *Berkeley, California, a city in the United States **University of California, Berkeley, a public university in Berkeley, California *George Berkeley (1685–1753), Anglo-Irish philosopher Berkeley may also refer to: Places Australia * Berkeley, New South Wales, a suburb of Wollongong Canada * Berkeley, Ontario, a community in Grey County United Kingdom * Berkeley (hundred), an administrative division from late Saxon period to the 19th century * Berkeley, Gloucestershire, a town in England United States * Berkeley, California, a city in the San Francisco Bay Area, the largest city named Berkeley * Berkeley, Denver, a neighborhood in Denver, Colorado * Berkeley, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago * Berkeley, Missouri, a northwestern suburb of St. Louis * Berkeley Township, Ocean County, New Jersey * Berkeley, Rhode Island * Berkeley, Virginia (other) * Berkeley, West Virginia * Berkeley County (other) People * Berkeley (given name), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Nibley
North Nibley is a village in Gloucestershire, England about northwest of Wotton-under-Edge. Name The village is commonly known as ''Nibley'', but the official name distinguishes it from the village of Nibley, just outside Yate, about away in South Gloucestershire. Nibley Green is an associated hamlet to its northwest at . History The Battle of Nibley Green, fought on 20 March 1469/1470, is notable as the last battle fought in England entirely between the private armies of feudal magnates. The Tyndale Monument was built in honour of William Tyndale, who was born nearby, possibly at Melksham Court, Stinchcombe. Tyndale was responsible for translating the New Testament into English, for which he was sentenced to death and burned at the stake in Vilvoorde, Flanders. Nibley House, next to the church, was the home of John Smyth (1567–1641), steward of Berkeley Castle and the estates of the Berkeley family, author of ''Lives of the Berkeleys'' and historian of the ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Maud
Empress Matilda (10 September 1167), also known as Empress Maud, was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter and heir of Henry I, king of England and ruler of Duchy of Normandy, Normandy, she went to Germany as a child when she was married to the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. She travelled with the emperor to Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned empress in Old St. Peter's Basilica, St Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. Matilda and Henry V had no children, and when he died in 1125, the imperial crown was claimed by his rival Lothair of Supplinburg. Matilda's younger and only full brother, William Adelin, died in the White Ship disaster, ''White Ship'' disaster of 1120, leaving Matilda's father and realm facing a potential succession crisis. Upon her widowhood in the Holy Roman Empire, Matilda was recalled to Duchy of Normandy, Normandy by her father, who arranged for her to marry Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen, King Of England
Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154. He was Count of Boulogne ''jure uxoris'' from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 until 1144. His reign was marked by the Anarchy, a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda, whose son, Henry II, succeeded Stephen as the first of the Angevin kings of England. Stephen was born in the County of Blois in central France as the fourth son of Stephen-Henry, Count of Blois, and Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror. His father died as a crusader while Stephen was still young, and he was brought up by his mother. Placed into the court of his uncle Henry I of England, Stephen rose in prominence and was granted extensive lands. He married Matilda of Boulogne, inheriting additional estates in Kent and Boulogne that made the couple one of the wealthiest in England. Stephen narrowly escaped drowning with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
St Peter's Abbey, Gloucester
Gloucester Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of St Peter and the Holy and Indivisible Trinity and formerly St Peter's Abbey, in Gloucester, England, stands in the north of the city near the River Severn. It originated with the establishment of a Minster (church), minster, Gloucester Abbey, dedicated to Saint Peter and founded by Osric of Hwicce, Osric, King of the Hwicce, in around 679. The subsequent history of the church is complex; Osric's foundation came under the control of the Benedictine Order at the beginning of the 11th century and in around 1058, Ealdred (archbishop of York), Ealdred, Bishop of Worcester, established a new abbey "a little further from the place where it had stood". The abbey appears not to have been an initial success, by 1072, the number of attendant monks had reduced to two. The present building was begun by Abbott Serlo (abbot of Gloucester), Serlo in about 1089, following a major fire the previous year. Serlo's efforts transformed the abbey's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dursley
Dursley is a market town and Civil parishes in England, civil parish in the Stroud District of Gloucestershire, England. It lies between the cities of Bristol and Gloucester. It is under the northeast flank of Stinchcombe#Stinchcombe Hill, Stinchcombe Hill, and about southeast of the River Severn. The town is adjacent to the village of Cam, Gloucestershire, Cam. The population of Dursley was 7,463 at the 2021 Census. History Ancient historical sites in the vicinity give evidence of earlier occupation. Uley Bury is an Iron Age hill fort dating from around 300 BC. The area also has neolithic long barrows; one called "Uley Long Barrow, Hetty Pegler's Tump" can be entered. Roman remains exist at Frocester, West Hill near Uley, Woodchester and Calcot Manor. Dursley once had a castle, built by Roger de Berkeley in 1153. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domesday Book
Domesday Book ( ; the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book") is a manuscript record of the Great Survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 at the behest of William the Conqueror. The manuscript was originally known by the Latin name , meaning "Book of Winchester, Hampshire, Winchester", where it was originally kept in the royal treasury. The ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' states that in 1085 the king sent his agents to survey every shire in England, to list his holdings and dues owed to him. Written in Medieval Latin, it was Scribal abbreviation, highly abbreviated and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to record the annual value of every piece of landed property to its lord, and the resources in land, labour force, and livestock from which the value derived. The name "Domesday Book" came into use in the 12th century. Richard FitzNeal wrote in the ( 1179) that the book was so called because its de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenant-in-chief
In medieval and early modern Europe, a tenant-in-chief (or vassal-in-chief) was a person who held his lands under various forms of feudal land tenure directly from the king or territorial prince to whom he did homage, as opposed to holding them from another nobleman or senior member of the clergy. The tenure was one which denoted great honour, but also carried heavy responsibilities. The tenants-in-chief were originally responsible for providing knights and soldiers for the king's feudal army. Terminology The Latin term was ''tenens in capite''. Other names for tenant-in-chief were "captal" or baron, although the latter term evolved in meaning. For example, the term "baron" was used in the '' Cartae Baronum'' of 1166, a return of all tenants-in-chief in England. At that time the term was understood to mean the "king's barons", or "king's men", because baron could still have a broader meaning. Originally, for example in Domesday Book (1086), there was a small number of powerful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roger I Of Tosny
Roger I of Tosny or Roger of Hispania (died c. 1040) was a Norman nobleman of the House of Tosny who took part in the Reconquista of Iberia. Career Roger was the son of Raoul I of Tosny, seigneur de Conches. In 1013, Roger and his father guarded the castle at Tillières for Richard II, Duke of Normandy. A few years later, for an unknown reason, the pair were forced into exile and Tilliéres was taken from their custody (later given to Gilbert Crispin by Robert II). While his father gained a reputation for himself in Apulia, Roger did the same fighting the Muslims in Northern Iberia, where the Christian states welcomed volunteers. Roger fought for Ermesinde of Carcassonne, regent-countess of Barcelona after the death of her husband Ramon Borrell, helping her against the Muslim. Maybe Roger married Ermesinde's daughter. Adémar de Chabannes gives an echo of the more or less legendary deeds of Roger in Iberia, where he gained the nickname ''Mangeur de Maures'' (Moor-Eater). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Complete Peerage
''The Complete Peerage'' (full title: ''The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom Extant, Extinct, or Dormant''); first edition by George Edward Cokayne, Clarenceux King of Arms; 2nd edition revised by Vicary Gibbs ''et al.'') is a comprehensive work on the titled aristocracy of the British Isles The British Isles are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner Hebrides, Inner and Outer Hebr .... History ''The Complete Peerage'' was first published in eight volumes between 1887 and 1898 by George Edward Cokayne (G. E. C.). This version was effectively replaced by a new and enlarged edition between 1910 and 1959, edited successively by Vicary Gibbs (Cokayne's nephew), H. A. (Herbert Arthur) Doubleday, Duncan Warrand, Lord Howard de Walden, Geoffrey H. White and R. S. Lea. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farm (revenue Commutation)
Farming or tax-farming is a technique of financial management in which the management of a variable revenue stream is assigned by legal contract to a third party and the holder of the revenue stream receives fixed periodic rents from the contractor. It is most commonly used in public finance, where governments (the lessors) lease or assign the right to collect and retain the whole of the tax revenue to a private financier (the farmer), who is charged with paying fixed sums (sometimes called "rents", but with a different meaning from the common modern term) into the treasury. Farming in this sense has nothing to do with agriculture, other than in a metaphorical sense. Etymology There are two possible origins for ''farm''. Derivation from classical Latin Some sources derive "farm" with its French version ''ferme'', most notably used in the context of the Fermiers Generaux, from the mediaeval Latin ''firma'', meaning "a fixed agreement, contract", ultimately from the classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feudal Land Tenure
Under the English feudal system several different forms of land tenure existed, each effectively a contract with differing rights and duties attached thereto. Such tenures could be either free-hold if they were hereditable or perpetual or non-free if they terminated on the tenant's death or at an earlier specified period. High medieval period In England's ancient past large parts of the realm were unoccupied and owned as allodial titles: the landowners simply cooperated with the king out of a mutual interest instead of legal obligation. It was not until the Norman Conquest, when William the Conqueror William the Conqueror (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), sometimes called William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England (as William I), reigning from 1066 until his death. A descendant of Rollo, he was D ... declared himself to be the sole allodial owner of the entire realm, that land tenures changed drastically. In William's kingdom th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
