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Decipherment Of Rongorongo
There have been numerous attempts to decipher the ''rongorongo'' script of Easter Island since its discovery in the late nineteenth century. As with most undeciphered scripts, many of the proposals have been fanciful. Apart from a portion of one tablet which has been shown to deal with a lunar calendar, none of the texts are understood, and even the calendar cannot actually be read. The evidence is weak that ''rongorongo'' directly represents the Rapa Nui language – that is, that it is a true writing system – and oral accounts report that experts in one category of tablet were unable to read other tablets, suggesting either that ''rongorongo'' is not a unified system, or that it is proto-writing that requires the reader to already know the text. Assuming that ''rongorongo'' is writing, there are three serious obstacles to decipherment: the small number of remaining texts, comprising only 15,000 legible glyphs; the lack of context in which to interpret the texts, such as illus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rongorongo B-v Aruku-Kurenga (color) Edit1
Rongorongo (Rapa Nui: ) is a system of glyphs discovered in the 19th century on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) that appears to be writing or proto-writing. Numerous attempts at decipherment have been made, with none being successful. Although some calendrical and what might prove to be genealogical information has been identified, none of these glyphs can actually be read. If rongorongo does prove to be writing and proves to be an independent invention, it would be one of very few independent inventions of writing in human history. Two dozen wooden objects bearing rongorongo inscriptions, some heavily weathered, burned, or otherwise damaged, were collected in the late 19th century and are now scattered in museums and private collections. None remain on Easter Island. The objects are mostly tablets shaped from irregular pieces of wood, sometimes driftwood, but include a chieftain's staff, a bird-man statuette, and two ''reimiro'' ornaments. There are also a few petroglyphs which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dongba Script
The Dongba, Tomba or Tompa or Mo-so symbols are a system of pictographic glyphs used by the '' ²dto¹mba'' (Bon priests) of the Naxi people in southern China. In the Naxi language it is called ''²ss ³dgyu'' 'wood records' or ''²lv ³dgyu'' 'stone records'.He, 292 "They were developed in approximately the seventh century." The glyphs may be used as rebuses for abstract words which do not have glyphs. Dongba is largely a mnemonic system, and cannot by itself represent the Naxi language; different authors may use the same glyphs with different meanings, and it may be supplemented with the ''geba'' syllabary for clarification. Origin and development The Dongba script appears to be an independent ancient writing system, though presumably it was created in the environment of older scripts. According to Dongba religious fables, the Dongba script was created by the founder of the Bön religious tradition of Tibet, Tönpa Shenrab (Tibetan: ''ston pa gshen rab)'' or Shenrab Miwo ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porcelaine
The Porcelaine is a breed of dog originating from France. In 1844, this scent hound was originally called “Briquets Francs Comtois” and named after a French region bordering Switzerland. Appearance The Porcelaine gets its name from its shiny coat, said to make it resemble a porcelain statuette. The fur is white, sometimes with orange spots, often on the ears. The skin should be white with black mottling that is visible through the white coat. The fur is incredibly short and very fine. The nose of a Porcelaine dog is black with very wide nostrils. It also has black eyes and long ears that droop down. The neck is long and the tail starts thick and narrows to a point at the end. Porcelaine males range from 22 to 23 inches (about 56 to 58.5 centimeters) tall. Bitches are 21 to 22 inches (about 53.5 to 56 centimeters) tall. They weigh from 55 to 62 pounds (about 25 to 28 kilograms). Temperament Porcelaines have a very high activity level and therefore need a gre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porcelain
Porcelain () is a ceramic material made by heating substances, generally including materials such as kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between . The strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arises mainly from vitrification and formation of the mineral mullite within the body at these high temperatures. Though definitions vary, porcelain can be divided into three main categories: hard-paste, soft-paste, and bone china. The category that an object belongs to depends on the composition of the paste used to make the body of the porcelain object and the firing conditions. Porcelain slowly evolved in China and was finally achieved (depending on the definition used) at some point about 2,000 to 1,200 years ago; it slowly spread to other East Asian countries, then to Europe, and eventually to the rest of the world. Its manufacturing process is more demanding than that for earthenware and stoneware, the two other main types of pottery, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosetta Stone
The Rosetta Stone is a stele composed of granodiorite inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in Memphis, Egypt, in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes. The top and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian using hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts respectively, while the bottom is in Ancient Greek. The decree has only minor differences between the three versions, making the Rosetta Stone key to deciphering the Egyptian scripts. The stone was carved during the Hellenistic period and is believed to have originally been displayed within a temple, possibly at Sais. It was probably moved in late antiquity or during the Mamluk period, and was eventually used as building material in the construction of Fort Julien near the town of Rashid (Rosetta) in the Nile Delta. It was found there in July 1799 by French officer Pierre-François Bouchard during the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt. It was the first Ancient Egyptian bilingual text recov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rongorongo Text E
Rongorongo (; Rapa Nui: ) is a system of glyphs discovered in the 19th century on Easter Island that appears to be writing or proto-writing. Text E of the rongorongo corpus, also known as ''Keiti'', is one of two dozen known rongorongo texts, though it survives only in photographs and rubbings. Other names E is the standard designation, from Barthel (1958). Fischer (1997) refers to it as RR6. Jaussen called it also ''vermoulue'' 'wormeaten'. Location Formerly in the library of the Catholic University of Leuven (Louvain), Belgium. Pinart published rubbings, which are kept in the Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Fischer (1997) says that the tablet survives in replicas made from casts. However, these replicas appear to have been of the Small Santiago; other than the rubbings, ''Keiti'' only survives in the two sets of photographs, one with white fill in the glyphs to make them more visible (Horley 2010). Description Destroyed during shelling of Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rongorongo Text C
Rongorongo (; Rapa Nui: ) is a system of glyphs discovered in the 19th century on Easter Island that appears to be writing or proto-writing. Text C of the rongorongo corpus, also known as ''Mamari'', is one of two dozen surviving rongorongo texts. It contains the Rapa Nui calendar. Other names C is the standard designation, from Barthel (1958). Fischer (1997) refers to it as RR2. Jaussen called it ''Miro-Mimosa'' "Mimosa wood". Location General archives of the '' Padri dei Sacri Cuori'' (SSCC), Casa Generalizia, Via Rivarone 85, I-00166 Rome, Italy. Reproductions are located at the SSCC; ''Musée de l'Homme,'' Paris; Museum of Mankind, London; ''Cinquantenaire,'' Brussels; '' Museum für Völkerkunde,'' Berlin (2 copies)''Institut für Völkerkunde'' Tübingen (prior to 1989; on loan from the '' Linden-Museum''); and the van Hoorebeeck Collection, Belgium. Physical description Excellent condition, with one hole at the top (verso). A rounded rectangular unfluted tablet, 29 × ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rongorongo Text B
Rongorongo is a system of glyphs discovered in the 19th century on Easter Island that appears to be writing or proto-writing. Text B of the rongorongo corpus, also known as ''Aruku Kurenga'', is one of two dozen surviving rongorongo texts. ''Aruku Kurenga'' provided part of the "Jaussen List", a failed key of rongorongo glyphs. Jaussen's informant, Metoro Taua Ure, "read" the tablet correctly from the bottom left of the recto, but the transcription of his reading has been of no use in understanding the script. Other names B is the standard designation, from Barthel (1958). Fischer (1997) refers to it as RR4 ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rongorongo Text A
Rongorongo (; Rapa Nui: ) is a system of glyphs discovered in the 19th century on Easter Island that appears to be writing or proto-writing. Text A of the rongorongo corpus, also known as ''Tahua'', is one of two dozen surviving texts. Other names A is the standard designation, from Barthel (1958). Fischer (1997) refers to it as RR1. It is also known as the Oar ''(la rame),'' the object from which it was made. Location General archives of the '' Padri dei Sacri Cuori'' (SSCC), Casa Generalizia, Via Rivarone 85, I-00166 Rome, Italy. Reproductions are located at the SSCC; the Bishop Museum, Honolulu; and the ''Cinquantenaire,'' Brussels. Description ''Tahua'' is the cut-off blade of a narrow, rectangular European or American oar, 91 x 11.5 x 2 cm, said to be made of European ash, though the wood has never been tested. It is in excellent condition, with a few ink stains and a few small holes and notches. Provenance One of Jaussen's tablets, ''Tahua'' was apparently col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hippolyte Roussel
Hippolyte Roussel (22 March 1824 in La Ferté-Macé – 22 January 1898 in Gambier Islands) was a French priest and missionary to Polynesia, a member of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary. In 1854 he was sent to evangelize in the Tuamotus and Mangareva in the Gambier Islands. He was removed from his post in Mangareva because of his "strident pronouncements", and in 1866 was appointed to lead a new mission to Easter Island, with Eugène Eyraud, who died shortly thereafter. During his stay on Easter Island, he compiled notes on the customs and traditions of the islanders, which he sent to Valparaíso in 1869 and which were published in April and June 1926 in the ''Annals of the Sacred Hearts of Picpus.'' In 1871, after conflict with the manager of the Brander plantation, Jean-Baptiste Dutrou-Bornier, he was forced to leave Easter Island, and took 275 islanders with him, leaving only 230 Rapanui on the island. He went to Rikitea on Mangareva with 168 Rapan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rongorongo Text D
Rongorongo (; Rapa Nui: ) is a system of glyphs discovered in the 19th century on Easter Island that appears to be writing or proto-writing. Text D of the rongorongo corpus, also known as ''Échancrée'' ("notched"), is one of two dozen surviving texts. This is the tablet that started Jaussen's collection. Other names D is the standard designation, from Barthel (1958). Fischer (1997) refers to it as RR3. Location On long-term loan to the ''Musée de Tahiti et des Îles,'' Punaauia, Tahiti. There are reproductions at the '' Padri dei Sacri Cuori'' in Rome (2 copies); the ''Musée de l'Homme,'' Paris; the ''Cinquantenaire,'' Brussels; and in Steven Fischer's collection in Auckland. In 1990, hundreds of less precise replicas were sold at an exhibition in Brussels. Description A broken-off wedge-shaped piece of wood, approx. 30 × 15 cm, it is in good condition though notched on the top and bottom and with a long, deep, horizontal gouge on side a, line 6. It is said to be m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florentin-Étienne Jaussen
Florentin-Étienne Jaussen, SS.CC., (2 April 1815 – 9 September 1891) was the first bishop of Tahiti and the man who brought the rongorongo script of Easter Island to the world's attention. In the 1860s Bishop Jaussen was responsible for ending the slave raids on Easter Island. Jaussen was born in Rocles, France. He was Vicar Apostolic of Tahiti and titular bishop of Axieri from 9 May 1848 until 12 February 1884, when he resigned. During this time he went by the name ''Tepano,'' the Tahitian pronunciation of Etienne in its original Greek form ''Stephanos''. He ordained the first native priest of Eastern Polynesia Tiripone Mama Taira Putairi Tiripone Mama Taira Putairi, SS.CC., (1846–1881) was educated by French missionaries from birth and became the first indigenous Roman Catholic priest ordained in Eastern Polynesia. He was part of the native royal family of Mangareva, and his fath ..., on 24 December 1874. He died on 9 September 1891 at the episcopal palace in Tahiti. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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