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Deubiquitinating Enzyme
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), also known as deubiquitinating peptidases, deubiquitinating isopeptidases, deubiquitinases, ubiquitin proteases, ubiquitin hydrolases, or ubiquitin isopeptidases, are a large group of proteases that cleave ubiquitin from proteins. Ubiquitin is attached to proteins in order to regulate the degradation of proteins via the proteasome and lysosome; coordinate the Subcellular localization, cellular localisation of proteins; activate and inactivate proteins; and modulate protein-protein interactions. DUBs can reverse these effects by cleaving the peptide or isopeptide bond between ubiquitin and its substrate protein. In humans there are nearly 100 DUB genes, which can be classified into two main classes: cysteine proteases and metalloproteases. The cysteine proteases comprise ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCHs), Machado-Josephin domain proteases (MJDs) and ovarian tumour proteases (OTU). The metalloprotease group con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubiquitin And USP21
Ubiquitin is a small (8.6 atomic mass unit, kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotes, eukaryotic organisms, i.e., it is found :wiktionary:ubiquitous, ''ubiquitously''. It was discovered in 1975 by Gideon Goldstein and further characterized throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. Four genes in the human genome code for ubiquitin: Ubiquitin B, UBB, Ubiquitin C, UBC, Ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1, UBA52 and RPS27A. The addition of ubiquitin to a substrate protein is called ubiquitylation (or ubiquitination or ubiquitinylation). Ubiquitylation affects proteins in many ways: it can mark them for protein degradation, degradation via the 26S proteasome, alter their Subcellular localization, cellular location, affect their activity, and promote or prevent protein–protein interaction, protein interactions. Ubiquitylation involves three main steps: activation, conjugation, and ligation, performed by ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USP8
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''USP8'' gene. Interactions USP8 has been shown to interact with RNF41 and STAM2 Signal transducing adapter molecule 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STAM2'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is closely related to STAM, an adaptor protein involved in the downstream signaling of cytokine rece .... Diseases In a few cases of Morbus Cushing's disease, a mutation of USP8 has been found. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USP16
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 16 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''USP16'' gene. This gene encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme that is phosphorylated at the onset of mitosis and then dephosphorylated at the metaphase/anaphase transition. It can deubiquitinate H2A, one of two major ubiquitinated proteins of chromatin, in vitro and a mutant form of the protein was shown to block cell division Cell division is the process by which a parent cell (biology), cell divides into two daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and replicates its chromosome(s) before dividing. In eukar .... Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-21-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USP15
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''USP15'' gene. Ubiquitin is a highly conserved protein involved in the regulation of intracellular protein breakdown, cell cycle The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequential series of events that take place in a cell (biology), cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the growth of the cell, duplication of its DNA (DNA re ... regulation, and stress response, which is released from degraded proteins by disassembly of the polyubiquitin chains. The disassembly process is mediated by ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs). See also * USP1 (MIM 603478). References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-12-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USP13
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 13 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''USP13'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * {{gene-3-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USP12
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''USP1'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the ubiquitin-specific processing (UBP) family of proteases that is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) with His and Cys domains. This protein is located in the cytoplasm and cleaves the ubiquitin moiety from ubiquitin-fused precursors and ubiquitinylated proteins. The protein specifically deubiquitinates a protein in the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. Research UCH-L1 has been studied, in a 2020 paper by Sharma, et al for its association with neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's disease) A 2024 paper by Li, et al indicates possible contribution to cancer Cancer is a group of diseases involving Cell growth#Disorders, abnormal cell growth with the potential to Invasion (cancer), invade or Metastasis, spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USP11
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase or Ubiquitin specific protease 11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''USP11'' gene. USP11 belongs to the Ubiquitin specific proteases family (USPs) which is a sub-family of the Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs).USPs are multiple domain proteases and belong to the C19 cysteine proteases sub‒family. Depending on their domain architecture and position there is different homology between the various members. Generally the largest domain is the catalytic domain which harbours the three residue catalytic triad that is included inside conserved motifs (Cys and His boxes). The catalytic domain also contains sequences that are not related with the catalysis function and their role is mostly not clearly understood at present, the length of these sequences varies for each USP and therefore the length of the whole catalytic domain can range from approximately 295 to 850 amino acids. Particular sequences inside the catalytic domain or at the N‒ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
