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Demetrius Nicolaides
Demetrius Nicolaides ( ''Dimitrios Nikolaidis''; ; Strauss, ''A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire'', p. 29 (PDF p. 31) – 3 July 1915Balta and Kavak, p56 via ''Google Books''), also known as Nikolaidis Efendi,Balta and Kavak, p41 via ''Google Books'' was an Ottoman Greek journalist and compiler of legislation. Johann Strauss, author of ''A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the ''Kanun-ı Esasi'' and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages'', wrote that Nicolaides was "an extremely active but somewhat enigmatic figure in the press life of 19th century Istanbul". Nicolaides was born and raised in Ottoman Constantinople (now Istanbul) and attended the Phanar Greek Orthodox College, Great School of the Nation (Megalē tou Genous scholē), from which he graduated in 1861. His family was the Ieromnimon.Balta and Kavak, p33 via ''Google Books'' Career He began editing the ''Anatolikos Astēr'' in 1862. In 1864, he left the first publication and began edi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mecelle
The Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye (), or the Mecelle in short, was the civil code of the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century. It is the first Codification (law), codification of Sharia law by an Islamic nation. Name The Ottoman Turkish name of the code is ''Mecelle-ʾi Aḥkām-ı ʿAdlīye'', which derives from the Arabic ''مجلة الأحكام العدلية'', ''Majallah el-Ahkam-i-Adliya''. Majalla can mean a law code or a bound text in general. It has also been transliterated in European languages as ''Mejelle'', ''Majalla'', ''Medjelle'', or ''Meğelle''. In French, it is known as ''Medjéllé'' or the ''Code Civil Ottoman''. History Enactment The code was prepared by a commission headed by Ahmed Cevdet Pasha, including a large team of scholars, issued in sixteen volumes (containing 1,851 articles) from 1869 to 1876 and entered into force in the year 1877. In its structure and approach it was clearly influenced by the earlier European codifications. Fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdulhamid II
Abdulhamid II or Abdul Hamid II (; ; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, period of decline with rebellions (particularly in the Balkans), and presided over Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), an unsuccessful war with the Russian Empire (1877–78), the loss of Anglo-Egyptian War, Egypt, Cyprus Convention, Cyprus, Congress of Berlin, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, French conquest of Tunisia, Tunisia, and Convention of Constantinople (1881), Thessaly from Ottoman control (1877–1882), followed by a successful Greco-Turkish War (1897), war against Greece in 1897, though Ottoman gains were tempered by subsequent Western European intervention. Elevated to power in the wake of Young Ottomans, Young Ottoman 1876 Ottoman coup d'état, coups, he promulgated the Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Of The Ottoman Empire
The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, its dissolution in 1922. At its height, the Ottoman Empire spanned an area from Budin Eyalet, Hungary in the north to Yemen Eyalet, Yemen in the south and from Ottoman Algeria, Algeria in the west to Ottoman Iraq, Iraq in the east. Administered at first from the city of Söğüt since before 1280 and then from the city of Bursa since 1323 or 1324, the empire's capital was moved to Adrianople (now known as Edirne in English) in 1363 following Ottoman conquest of Adrianople, its conquest by Murad I and then to Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) in 1453 following Fall of Constantinople, its conquest by Mehmed the Conqueror, Mehmed II. The Rise of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Empire's early years have been the subject of varying narrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galata
Galata is the former name of the Karaköy neighbourhood in Istanbul, which is located at the northern shore of the Golden Horn. The district is connected to the historic Fatih district by several bridges that cross the Golden Horn, most notably the Galata Bridge. The medieval citadel of Galata was a colony of the Republic of Genoa between 1273 and 1453. The famous Galata Tower was built by the Genoese in 1348 at the northernmost and highest point of the citadel. Galata is now a quarter within the district of Beyoğlu in Istanbul. Etymology There are several theories concerning the origin of the name ''Galata''. The Greeks believe that the name comes either from ''Galatai'' (meaning "Gauls"), as the Celtic tribe of Gauls ( Galatians) were thought to have camped here during the Hellenistic period before settling into Galatia in central Anatolia; or from ''galatas'' (meaning " milkman"), as the area was used by shepherds for grazing in the Early Medieval (Byzantine) pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Servet (newspaper)
''Servet'' was a newspaper published in the Ottoman Empire. It was initially published by Demetrius Nicolaides, an Ottoman Greek. It was initially only in Ottoman Turkish, though it later also had content in French. It was mailed to people in Constantinople (now Istanbul) and people in Anatolia, with twice weekly distribution to the latter.Balta and Kavak, p43 '' Servet-i Fünûn'' was originally a supplement of ''Servet''.info page on bookat Martin Luther University) // Cited: p. 29 (PDF p. 31). History Initially he wished to publish a newspaper, ''Asya'', in Karamanli Turkish, or Turkish in the Greek alphabet. He applied to the Ottoman Press Office for permission to publish the newspaper around November 1887,Balta and Kavak, p40 with permission granted in December of that year. He had to publish from Babıali as he could not produce the paper from Galata during the day, and Ottoman authorities did not permit the production of newspapers in Galata at night. In 1888 the Ottoman a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Turkish Language
Ottoman Turkish (, ; ) was the standardized register (sociolinguistics), register of the Turkish language in the Ottoman Empire (14th to 20th centuries CE). It borrowed extensively, in all aspects, from Arabic and Persian language, Persian. It was written in the Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Ottoman Turkish was largely unintelligible to the less-educated lower-class and to rural Turks, who continued to use ("raw/vulgar Turkish"; compare Vulgar Latin and Demotic Greek), which used far fewer foreign loanwords and is the basis of the modern standard. The Tanzimat, Tanzimât era (1839–1876) saw the application of the term "Ottoman" when referring to the language ( or ); Modern Turkish uses the same terms when referring to the language of that era ( and ). More generically, the Turkish language was called or "Turkish". History Historically, Ottoman Turkish was transformed in three eras: * (Old Ottoman Turkish): the version of Ottoman Turkish used until the 16th century. It wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karamanli Turkish
Karamanli Turkish (; ) is an extinct dialect of the Turkish language spoken by the Karamanlides. Although the official Ottoman Turkish was written in the Arabic script, the Karamanlides used the Greek alphabet to write their form of Turkish. Karamanli Turkish had its own literary tradition and produced numerous published works in print during the 19th century, some of them published by the British and Foreign Bible Society as well as by Evangelinos Misailidis in the Anatoli or Misailidis publishing house. Karamanli writers and speakers were expelled from Turkey as part of the Greek-Turkish population exchange in 1923. Some speakers preserved their language in the diaspora. The written form stopped being used immediately after Turkey adopted the Latin alphabet. A fragment of a manuscript written in Karamanli was also found in the Cairo Geniza. Orthography Media There was a Karamanli Turkish newspaper, ''Anatoli (newspaper), Anatoli'', published from 1850 to 1922, made ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodoros Kasapis
Theodoros Kasapis (, ) (10 November 1835–5 June 1897)İz, FahīrTeodor Ḳaṣāb in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. was an Ottoman Greek newspaper editor and educator. Biography He was born on November 10, 1835, in Kayseri, in central Anatolia. He studied in Paris and worked for about seven years as a personal secretary to the French novelist Alexandre Dumas. He taught French in various schools in Istanbul and then in the Imperial School of Artillery. He also worked as an editor of the French newspaper '' Étoile d'Orient''. In February 1870, he issued in French, the weekly satirical newspaper '' Le Diogene'', then in Greek as Ο Διογένης ('' O Diogenis'') and subsequently in Turkish as '' Diyojen''. Another publication which Kasapis issued was the newspaper '' Çingirakli Tatar'' in Turkish and in Greek. Then he proceeded with the issuance of the ''Momos'' ("Blemish") and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharos Of The Bosphorus
The Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the Pharos of Alexandria, was a lighthouse built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (280–247 BC). It has been estimated to have been at least in overall height. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, for many centuries it was one of the tallest man-made structures in the world. The lighthouse was severely damaged by three earthquakes between 956 and 1303 AD and became an abandoned ruin. It was the third-longest surviving ancient wonder, after the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus and the extant Great Pyramid of Giza, surviving in part until 1480, when the last of its remnant stones were used to build the Citadel of Qaitbay on the site. In 1994, a team of French archaeologists dived in the water of Alexandria's Eastern Harbour and discovered some remains of the lighthouse on the sea floor. In 2016, the Ministry of State of Antiquities in Egypt had plans to turn submerged ruin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
