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DOBz
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-benzylamphetamine (DOBz or DOBN) is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor modulator of the amphetamine and DOx families. It is the DOx derivative with a benzyl ring at the 4 position. The drug's affinities (Ki) for the human serotonin 5-HT2 receptors have been found to be 0.40nM for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 24.5 to 35.0nM for the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor, and 1.0nM for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor. Its affinities for the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors are very similar to those of DOB. The drug has been assessed and found to act as a silent antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor ( = 0%). In rodent drug discrimination tests, DOBz neither antagonized nor generalized to the stimulus of DOM. Higher doses produced behavioral disruption however. DOBz was first described in the scientific literature by Richard Glennon and colleagues in 1989. See also * 2C-Ph * 4-PhPr-2,5-DMA * 2C-T-27 * Benzscaline (BZ) * 3C-BZ 3C-BZ, also known as 4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyampheta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOx (psychedelics)
4-Substituted-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamines (DO''x'') is a chemical class of substituted amphetamine derivatives featuring methoxy groups at the 2- and 5- positions of the phenyl ring, and a substituent such as alkyl or halogen at the 4- position of the phenyl ring. They are 4-substituted derivatives of 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (2,5-DMA, DOH) and are structurally related to the naturally occurring phenethylamine psychedelic mescaline. The most well-known DOx drugs are DOM, DOI, DOB, DOET, and DOC. DOI is widely used in scientific research. DOM has been used as a recreational drug, while DOET was an experimental pharmaceutical drug. Most compounds of this class are potent and long-lasting psychedelic drugs, and act as selective 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonists. A few bulkier derivatives such as DOAM have similarly high affinity for 5-HT2 receptors but have reduced activational efficacy and do not produce psychedelic effects. DOI has been found to have ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzscaline
Benzscaline (BZ), also known as 4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (4-BzlO-3,5-DMPEA), is a serotonin receptor agonist and possible serotonergic psychedelic of the phenethylamine and scaline families. It is a potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist, with an affinity (Ki) of 150nM, an activational potency () of 27nM, and an efficacy () of 77%. Its affinity and activational potency were 63- and 370-fold more potent than those of mescaline, respectively, and it was the most potent assessed mescaline analogue. In addition, benzscaline was more efficacious in activating the receptor than mescaline ( = 56% vs. 77%, respectively). Benzscaline does not activate the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor ( = >10,000nM), but does show affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (Ki = 440nM). It also shows high affinity for the rat trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) (Ki = 110nM), but not for the mouse TAAR1 (Ki = 2,400nM), and does not activate the human TAAR1 ( = >10,000nM). T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-PhPr-2,5-DMA
4-(3-Phenylpropyl)-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOPP or DOPhPr), also known as 4-PhPr-2,5-DMA, is a serotonin receptor modulator of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families. It shows high affinity for both the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors and acts as a weak partial agonist or antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. The drug has lower affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor than its closely related positional isomer 4-PhPr-3,5-DMA. This is an apparent reversal of the usual situation with DOx and related drugs in which the 2,5-dimethoxy pattern is optimal for serotonin 5-HT2A receptor interactions. See also * DOBz * 2C-T-27 * 2C-Ph 2C-Ph, also known as 2C-BI-1 or as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-phenylphenethylamine, is a serotonin receptor modulator of the phenethylamine and 2C families that was developed by Daniel Trachsel and David E. Nichols and colleagues. The drug's affinity (Ki) ... * DOHx References External links DOPhPr - Isomer Design 5-HT2A agoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-Ph
2C-Ph, also known as 2C-BI-1 or as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-phenylphenethylamine, is a serotonin receptor modulator of the phenethylamine and 2C families that was developed by Daniel Trachsel and David E. Nichols and colleagues. The drug's affinity (Ki) for the rat serotonin 5-HT2A receptor was 778nM. It was said to be an antagonist of this receptor. In a subsequent study, 2C-Ph was a weak partial agonist of the human serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (Ki = 630nM, = 1,596nM, = 23%). The drug also shows affinity for the serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors, but did not activate the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor. In addition, it interacted with other monoamine receptors, with the monoamine transporters, and was a potent and high-efficacy partial agonist of the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) ( = 580nM, = 82%). Besides 2C-Ph itself, a variety of derivatives of 2C-Ph with substituents on the 4-position phenyl ring have been synthesized and studied by Trachsel and colle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silent Antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist. Antagonist drugs interfere in the natural operation of receptor proteins.Pharmacology Guide: In vitro pharmacology: concentration-response curves ." '' GlaxoWellcome.'' Retrieved on December 6, 2007. They are sometimes called blockers; examples include s, |
5-HT2B Antagonists
Serotonin (), also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter with a wide range of functions in both the central nervous system (CNS) and also peripheral tissues. It is involved in mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction. In the CNS, serotonin regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Most of the body's serotonin—about 90%—is synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract by enterochromaffin cells, where it regulates intestinal movements. It is also produced in smaller amounts in the brainstem's raphe nuclei, the skin's Merkel cells, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, and taste receptor cells of the tongue. Once secreted, serotonin is taken up by platelets in the blood, which release it during clotting to promote vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Around 8% of the body's serotonin is stored in platelets, and 1–2% is found in the CNS. Serotonin acts as both a vasoconstrictor and vas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3C-BZ
3C-BZ, also known as 4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyamphetamine or as 3C-benzscaline, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted amphetamine. 3C-BZ was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. Use and effects In Shulgin's book ''PiHKAL'', the dosage range is listed as 25–200 mg and the duration as 18–24 hours. According to anecdotal reports from the substance's entry in PiHKAL, 3C-BZ's effects can vary significantly, ranging from intensified emotions and strange dreams, to effects similar to those of LSD or TMA. Chemistry Synthesis 3C-BZ was originally synthesized by Alexander Shulgin starting from 5-methoxyeugenol (4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol) through a reaction with benzyl chloride to form the benzyloxy derivative of 5-methoxyeugenol. The obtained benzyl derivative was reacted with tetranitromethane to form 1- -(benzyloxy)-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl2-nitro-1-propene, from which 3C-BZ is obtained by reduction of the nitropropene with lithium aluminium hydride. Another p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-T-27
2C-T-27, also known as 4-benzylthio-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and serotonergic psychedelic of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It was first synthesized and described by Daniel Trachsel in 2003. In addition to the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 2C-T-27 interacts with the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor. It showed higher affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor than any other 2C drug (Ki = 1.6nM), but its activational potency and efficacy were among the lowest ( = 26nM; = 27%). The drug produces the head-twitch response (HTR), a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents. However, the HTR induced by 2C-T-27 is relatively weak. 2C-T-27 has been reported to produce hallucinogenic effects in humans. Its dosage was reported by Trachsel to be 80mg or more orally and no duration was listed. See also * 2C-T-33 * 2C-T-8 * Aleph-6 * 3C-BZ * Benzscaline Benzscaline (BZ), also known as 4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (4-Bzl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Glennon
Richard A. Glennon is an American medicinal chemist who studies psychedelics, stimulants, entactogens, and other psychoactive drugs. He has been an important pioneer of the use of animal drug discrimination tests in scientific research for studying psychoactive drugs like hallucinogens. Glennon has also done a large amount of work on the structure–activity relationships of psychedelics. In addition, he played an important role in the discovery that the hallucinogenic effects of psychedelics are mediated by activation of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. He is one of the most widely cited scientists in his field. Glennon was the editor-in-chief of the journal '' Medicinal Chemistry Research'' from 1992 to 2002. He retired in 2022 but has continued to publish reviews and research since then. Selected publications * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * See also * David E. Nichols * Bryan Roth * Alexander Shulgin * Daniel Trachsel Daniel Trachsel is a Swiss people, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientific Literature
Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research and theoretical contributions. These papers serve as essential sources of knowledge and are commonly referred to simply as "the literature" within specific research fields. The process of academic publishing involves disseminating research findings to a wider audience. Researchers submit their work to reputable journals or conferences, where it undergoes rigorous evaluation by experts in the field. This evaluation, known as peer review, ensures the quality, validity, and reliability of the research before it becomes part of the scientific literature. Peer-reviewed publications contribute significantly to advancing our understanding of the world and shaping future research endeavors. Original scientific research first published in scientific journals co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOM (drug)
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), also known as STP (standing for "Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace" and/or other phrases), is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families. It is generally taken orally. DOM was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin, and later described in his book '' PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story'' (1991). It is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States, and is similarly controlled in other parts of the world. Internationally, it is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. Effects Effects of this drug include substantial perceptual changes such as blurred vision, multiple images, vibration of objects, visual alterations, distorted shapes, enhancement of details, slowed passage of time, increased sexual drive and pleasure, and increased contrasts. It may cause mystical experiences and changes in consciousness. It may also cause pupillary dilation and a rise in systolic bloo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
