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Czerwińsk Nad Wisłą
Czerwińsk nad Wisłą is a town in Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Czerwińsk nad Wisłą. It lies on the Vistula (''Wisła'') river, approximately south of Płońsk and west of Warsaw. The village has a population of 1,200. History Czerwińsk is home to a large medieval monastery with the Romanesque Abbey Church, founded in the 12th century, which is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland as one of the most precious heritage sites of its kind in the country. The oldest known mention of the village comes from a bull of Pope Adrian IV from 1155. Czerwińsk was a major center of culture and commerce in the Middle Ages. Following the fragmentation of Poland, it formed part of the Duchy of Masovia, a provincial duchy of Poland. It was reincorporated directly into the Kingdom of Poland in 1526 after the extinction of the Masovian line of the Piast dynasty. Afterwards, it was administ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbey Church, Czerwińsk Nad Wisłą
The Abbey church in Czerwińsk nad Wisłą, officially known as the Basilica of the Annunciation of Holy Virgin Mary ( pl, Bazylika Zwiastowania Najświętszej Marii Panny), is a historic church, built in the 12th century. Despite Gothic and Baroque elements added in later centuries, the basilica remains one of the most valuable examples of Romanesque architecture in Poland, and as such it is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland. The church was built of granite blocks from locally available boulders, left by the retreating ice sheets of the Pleistocene glaciations. The heterogeneous colouring of the stone, ranging from dark gray through various shades of grey, ochre and pink to red, is considered to enhance the aesthetic value of the building. Gallery Czerwinsk8.jpg, Stairs, monastery gate, and church towers on the right Czerwińsk nad Wisłą, bazylika 436.jpg, Rear view Czerwińsk nad Wisłą - Kościół Zwiastowania NMP - figura Maryi.jpg, Saint Mary statue Bazylika Zwi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vistula
The Vistula (; pl, Wisła, ) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest river in Europe, at in length. The drainage basin, reaching into three other nations, covers , of which is in Poland. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in the south of Poland, above sea level in the Silesian Beskids (western part of Carpathian Mountains), where it begins with the Little White Vistula (''Biała Wisełka'') and the Black Little Vistula (''Czarna Wisełka''). It flows through Poland's largest cities, including Kraków, Sandomierz, Warsaw, Płock, Włocławek, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Świecie, Grudziądz, Tczew and Gdańsk. It empties into the Vistula Lagoon (''Zalew Wiślany'') or directly into the Gdańsk Bay of the Baltic Sea with a delta of six main branches (Leniwka, Przekop, Śmiała Wisła, Martwa Wisła, Nogat and Szkarpawa). The river is often associated with Polish culture, history and national identity. It is the country's most important waterway and natural sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of Poland (1939–1945)
The occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II (1939–1945) began with the German-Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939, and it was formally concluded with the End of World War II in Europe, defeat of Germany by the Allies in May 1945. Throughout the entire course of the occupation, the territory of Poland was divided between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (USSR) both of which intended to eradicate Poland's culture and subjugate its people. In the summer-autumn of 1941, the Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union, lands which were annexed by the Soviets were overrun by Germany in the course of the initially successful Operation Barbarossa, German attack on the USSR. After a few years of fighting, the Red Army drove the Wehrmacht, German forces out of the USSR and crossed into Poland from the rest of Central and Eastern Europe. Sociologist Tadeusz Piotrowski (sociologist), Tadeusz Piotrowski argues that both occupying power ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Poland Province, Crown Of The Kingdom Of Poland
, subdivision = Province , nation = Poland , year_start = , event_end = Third Partition of Poland , year_end = , image_map = Prowincje I RP.svg , image_map_caption = , capital = Poznań , political_subdiv = 13 voivodeships and one duchy , common_name = Greater Poland Province ( pl, Prowincja Wielkopolska) was an administrative division of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1795. The name of the province comes from the historic land of Greater Poland. The Greater Poland Province consisted initially of twelve voivodeships (after 1768 thirteen voivodeships)Lucjan Tatomir, ''Geografia ogólna i statystyka ziem dawnej Polski'', Drukarnia "Czasu" W. Kirchmayera, Kraków, 1868, p. 147 (in Polish) and one duchy: # Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship # Chełmno Voivodeship # Gniezno Voivodeship, est. in 1768 # Inowrocław Voivodeship # Kalisz Voivod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)
Masovian Voivodeship () was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland, and of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 1526 to the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1795). Together with Płock and Rawa Voivodeships, it formed the ''province'' of Masovia. Its area was 23,200 km2., divided into ten lands (see ziemia). The seat of the voivode was Warsaw, local sejmiks also convened in Warsaw, at St. Martin's church. History The voivodeship was officially created by King Sigismund I the Old on December 27, 1529, three years after incorporation of the Duchy of Masovia into the Kingdom of Poland. In the Senate of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, it had eight senators. These were: the Voivode of Mazovia, the Castellan of Czersk, and Castellans of Wizna, Wyszogród, Zakroczym, Warszawa, Ciechanów, and Liw. Zygmunt Gloger in his monumental book Historical Geography of the Lands of Old Poland gives a detailed description of Masovian Voiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciechanów Land
Ciechanów Land (), named after the town of Ciechanów, was an administrative unit (ziemia) of both the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Divided into three counties, it belonged to the Masovian Voivodeship. History The history of Ciechanów Land dates back to the late 13th century, when a system of castellanies was established in the province of Mazovia. Ciechanów became seat of a castellany, which stretched from the Vistula to the border with Prussia. In the late 14th century, following the example of the Kingdom of Poland, Mazovian dukes decided to introduce a new system of lands, divided into counties. The Land of Ciechanów had an area of 2970 km2, with three counties: Ciechanów, Przasnysz and Czerwinsk nad Wisla. Furthermore, in 1471–1495, the Duchy of Ciechanów existed, with a size of 8200 km2, and such towns as Łomża, Zakroczym and Różan. In 1526, following the death of Duke Janusz III of Masovia, all of Mazovia was annexed by Poland, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piast Dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings after John I Albert were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter. Origin of the name The early dukes and kings of Poland are said to have regarded themselves as descendants of the semi-legendary Piast the Wheelwright (''Piast Kołodziej''), first mentioned in the '' Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum'' (Chronicles and deeds of the dukes or princes of the Poles), written c. 1113 by Gallus Anonymus. However, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown Of The Kingdom Of Poland
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Latin: ''Corona Regni Poloniae''), known also as the Polish Crown, is the common name for the historic Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, including the Kingdom of Poland proper. The Polish Crown was at the helm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1795. Major political events The Kingdom of Poland has been traditionally dated back to c. 966, when Mieszko I and his pagan Slavic realm joined Christian Europe ( Baptism of Poland), establishing the state of Poland, a process started by his Polan Piast dynasty ancestors. His oldest son and successor, Prince Bolesław I Chrobry, Duke of Poland, became the first crowned King of Poland in 1025. Union of Krewo The Union of Krewo was a set of prenuptial agreements made in the Kreva Castle on August 13, 1385. Once Jogaila confirmed the prenuptial agreements on August 14, 1385, Poland and Lithuania formed a perso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Masovia
Duchy of Masovia was a district principality and a fiefdom of the Kingdom of Poland, existing during the Middle Ages. The state was centered in Mazovia in the northeastern Kingdom of Poland, and during its existence, its capital was located in the Płock, Czersk and Warsaw. It was formed in 1138 from the territories of the Kingdom of Poland, following its fragmentation, that was started by the testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth. The country existed in the years: 1138–1275, 1294–1310, 1370–1381, and 1495–1526, between that time, going through fragmentations of its territory into smaller duchies and its unification. The states formed during its fragmentation were duchies of Kuyavia, Dobrzyń, Czersk, Płock, Warsaw, Rawa and Belz. In 1526, the country was incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland. History The lands of the Masovians east of the Vistula river had been conquered by the Piast duke Mieszko I of Poland (960–992) and formed a constituent part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Adrian IV
Pope Adrian IV ( la, Adrianus IV; born Nicholas Breakspear (or Brekespear); 1 September 1159, also Hadrian IV), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 4 December 1154 to his death in 1159. He is the only Englishman to have been pope. Adrian was born in Hertfordshire, England, but little is known of his early life. Although he does not appear to have received a great degree of schooling, while still a youth he travelled to France where he was schooled in Arles, studying law. He then travelled to Avignon, in the south, where he joined . There he became a canon regular and was eventually appointed abbot. He travelled to Rome several times, where he appears to have caught the attention of Pope Eugene III, and was sent on a mission to Catalonia where the Reconquista was attempting to reclaim land from the Muslim Al-Andalus. Around this time his abbey complained to Eugene that Breakspear was too heavy a disciplinarian, and in order to make use of him as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Historic Monuments (Poland)
Historic Monument ( pl, pomnik historii) is one of several categories of objects of cultural heritage (in the singular, ''zabytek'') in Poland. To be recognized as a Polish historic monument, an object must be declared such by the President of Poland. The term "historic monument" was introduced into Polish law in 1990, and the first Historic Monuments were declared by President Lech Wałęsa in 1994. List The National Heritage Board of Poland The National Institute of Cultural Heritage of Poland ( pl, Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa NID) is a Polish governmental institution responsible for documenting cultural property and the intangible cultural heritage, as well as for supporting and ... maintains the official list. References {{reflist Objects of cultural heritage in Poland Law of Poland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanesque Architecture In Poland
Romanesque architecture in Poland dates back to the 11th century to the reign of Casimir I the Restorer. It was developed in and ranging approximately from the 11th century until well into the 13th century and it was succeeded by Polish Gothic architecture. Romanesque style in Poland was preceded by Pre-Romanesque architecture of the early Polish state. Its prime foundations were the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków, the Gniezno Cathedral and the Poznań Cathedral (later re-built in different styles). Polish Romanesque architecture was influenced by the Polish Pre-Romanesque style. Most of Romanesque buildings in Poland can be found in Greater Poland, Kuyavia, Silesia and Lesser Poland regions. Many Polish Romanesque buildings represent the characteristic Brick Romanesque style due to limited stone resources. Majority of these buildings are churches, rotundas and chapels. Most significant Polish Romanesque buildings include the Collegiate church in Tum, St. Nicholas Church in Wysocice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
