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Coastline Of New Zealand
New Zealand has of coastline making it the 9th longest in the world. The coastline borders the Tasman Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The northern and southernmost points of the coastline on the two main islands are Surville Cliffs and Slope Point respectively. Cape Reinga in the north and Bluff in the south are often incorrectly given as the extremities of the coastline on the North and South Islands. Coastal development, such as buildings and marine farms, has become contentious in recent decades. Geography The geography of the New Zealand coastline is varied. As well as sheltered sandy beaches there are rugged, remote and cliff lined sections typified by the Fiordland area. Ironsand gives the beaches on west coast of the North Island a black colouration. Pine plantation were established on some of the coastal dune sections. Woodhill, Riverhead and Bottle Lake Forest are such examples. Marram grass was planted for dune stabilisation displacing native plants such as Pingao. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Locator Map Blank
New is an adjective referring to something recently made, discovered, or created. New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz (South Korean band), The Boyz Albums and EPs * New (album), ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013 * New (EP), ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator, 1995 Songs * New (Daya song), "New" (Daya song), 2017 * New (Paul McCartney song), "New" (Paul McCartney song), 2013 * New (No Doubt song), "New" (No Doubt song), 1999 *"new", by Loona from ''Yves (single album), Yves'', 2017 *"The New", by Interpol from ''Turn On the Bright Lights'', 2002 Acronyms * Net economic welfare, a proposed macroeconomic indicator * Net explosive weight, also known as net explosive quantity * Network of enlightened Women, a conservative university women's organization * Next Entertainment World, a South Korean film distribution company Identification codes * Nepal Bhasa language ISO 639 language code * New Century Financial Corporation (NYSE stock abbreviation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. The World Flora Online created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden accepts 187 species names of pines as current, together with more synonyms. The American Conifer Society (ACS) and the Royal Horticultural Society accept 121 species. Pines are commonly found in the Northern Hemisphere. ''Pine'' may also refer to the lumber derived from pine trees; it is one of the more extensively used types of lumber. The pine family is the largest conifer family and there are currently 818 named cultivars (or trinomials) recognized by the ACS. Description Pine trees are evergreen, coniferous resinous trees (or, rarely, shrubs) growing tall, with the majority of species reaching tall. The smallest are Siberian dwarf pine and Potosi pinyon, and the tallest is an tall ponderosa pine located in southern Oregon's Rogue River- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marine And Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011
The Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 is an Act of the New Zealand Parliament created to replace the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004. It was brought in by the fifth National government and creates a property class for the marine and coastal area, in which it is vested in no one. This is in contrast to the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 in which the foreshore and seabed were vested in the Crown. Features of the Act The Marine and Coastal Area Act: * Guarantees free public access. * Makes a common space of the public marine and coastal area, ensuring it can never be sold. * Protects all existing uses, including recreational fishing and navigation rights. * Addresses two fundamental rights violated by the Foreshore and Seabed Act – the right to access justice through the courts, and property rights. The Act provides for primarily two types of rights: protected customary rights, and customary marine title. ** In order to establish protected customary rights, the ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Foreshore And Seabed Controversy
The New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy is a debate in the politics of New Zealand. It concerns the ownership of the country's foreshore and seabed, with many Māori groups claiming that Māori have a rightful claim to title. These claims are based around historical possession and the Treaty of Waitangi. On 18 November 2004, the New Zealand Parliament passed a law which deems the title to be held by the Crown. This law, the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, was enacted on 24 November 2004. Some sections of the Act came into force on 17 January 2005. It was repealed and replaced by the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011. Origins ''Ngati Apa v Attorney-General'' In 1997, an application was made to the Māori Land Court requesting, amongst other matters, that "the foreshore and seabed of the Marlborough Sounds, extending the limits of New Zealand's territorial sea" be defined as Māori customary land under the Te Ture Whenua Māori Act 1993. The Māori L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coastal Coalition
The Coastal Coalition is a political group in New Zealand that opposes the removal of coastal and marine land from Crown ownership. It was created to fight what it considers the risk of coastal land and marine areas coming under the control of local Maori under the proposed Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Bill of 2010, which is intended to replace the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004. The group has run a large number of advertisements opposing the Bill. The group has been called 'clowns' and 'profoundly sickening' by Chris Finlayson, the New Zealand attorney-general responsible for bringing in the new Bill, because of alleged untruths in their arguments. The group in turn called for Finlayson to be taken off his duties in respect to the Bill, arguing that he lacked the openness for discourse about the Bill that should have to be expected of his position. References External links Coastal Coalition*{{cite news, url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement
The first New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement (NZCPS) was released in 1994 and replaced in 2010. The NZCPS is a requirement under Section 56 of the Resource Management Act 1991. See also *Environment of New Zealand The environment of New Zealand is characterised by an endemic flora and fauna which has evolved in near isolation from the rest of the world. The main islands of New Zealand span two biomes, temperate and subtropical, complicated by large mount ... Further reading *{{Cite book , publisher = Department of Conservation , title = New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement, 2010. (PDF, 498K) , location = Wellington .Z., year = 2010 , url = http://www.doc.govt.nz/documents/conservation/marine-and-coastal/coastal-management/nz-coastal-policy-statement-2010.pdf External linksNew Zealand Coastal Policy Statementat the Department of Conservation Coastline of New Zealand Environmental policy in New Zealand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resource Management Act 1991
The Resource Management Act (RMA) passed in 1991 in New Zealand is a significant, and at times, controversial Act of Parliament. The RMA promotes the sustainable management of natural and physical resources such as land, air and water. New Zealand's Ministry for the Environment describes the RMA as New Zealand's principal legislation for environmental management. The RMA and the decisions made under it by district and regional councils and in courts affect both individuals and businesses in large numbers, and often in very tangible ways. The Act has variously been attacked for being ineffective in managing adverse environmental effects, or overly time-consuming and expensive and concerned with bureaucratic restrictions on legitimate economic activities. In February 2021, the Government confirmed that the RMA is to be replaced by three separate acts. These will be the Natural and Built Environment Bill (NBA), the Strategic Planning Bill (SPA), and the Climate Change Adaptat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreshore And Seabed Act 2004
The Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 is a former Act of the Parliament of New Zealand. It overruled the 2003 decision of the Court of Appeal in '' Ngati Apa v Attorney-General.'' Its passage arose out of, and further fueled, the New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy. It was replaced by the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act in 2011. See also *New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy The New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy is a debate in the politics of New Zealand. It concerns the ownership of the country's foreshore and seabed, with many Māori groups claiming that Māori have a rightful claim to title. These ... References External linksText of the Act Māori politics Statutes of New Zealand 2004 in New Zealand law Aboriginal title in New Zealand Repealed New Zealand legislation {{NewZealand-law-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marine Farming
Mariculture or marine farming is a specialized branch of aquaculture (which includes freshwater aquaculture) involving the cultivation of marine organisms for food and other animal products, in enclosed sections of the open ocean ( offshore mariculture), fish farms built on littoral waters ( inshore mariculture), or in artificial tanks, ponds or raceways which are filled with seawater ( onshore mariculture). An example of the latter is the farming of marine fish, including finfish and shellfish like prawns, or oysters and seaweed in saltwater ponds. Non-food products produced by mariculture include: fish meal, nutrient agar, jewellery (e.g. cultured pearls), and cosmetics. Methods Algae Shellfish Similar to algae cultivation, shellfish can be farmed in multiple ways: on ropes, in bags or cages, or directly on (or within) the intertidal substrate. Shellfish mariculture does not require feed or fertilizer inputs, nor insecticides or antibiotics, making shellfish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortification
A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ("to make"). From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest. Some settlements in the Indus Valley civilization were the first small cities to be fortified. In ancient Greece, large stone walls had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae (famous for the huge stone blocks of its ' cyclopean' walls). A Greek '' phrourion'' was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison, and is the equivalent of the Roman castellum or English fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Though smaller than a real fortress, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pingao
''Ficinia spiralis'' (pīngao, pīkao, or golden sand sedge) is a coastal sedge endemic to New Zealand (including the Chatham Islands). Originally widespread, it has suffered severely from competition with introduced marram grass and animal grazing and now has only a patchy distribution. Description Pīngao is a stout, grass-like plant, 30–90 cm tall, from the sedge family, found on active sand dunes. It is found only in New Zealand and is easily distinguished from other dune species such as spinifex or marram grass. Seen from a distance, pīngao patches have a distinctive orange hue. Most plants produce long, prostrate, tough rope-like stolons that creep along the sand surface until buried by shifting sand, leaving just the upper portion of leaves exposed. Some southern South Island populations produce dense tussock-like plants without extensive stolons. Numerous tough, roughly textured leaves are borne in dense tufts on well-spaced, short, upright stems (tillers) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marram Grass
''Ammophila'' (synonymous with ''Psamma'' P. Beauv.) is a genus of flowering plants consisting of two or three very similar species of grasses. The common names for these grasses include marram grass, bent grass, and beachgrass. These grasses are found almost exclusively on the first line of coastal sand dunes. Their extensive systems of creeping underground stems or rhizomes allow them to thrive under conditions of shifting sands and high winds, and to help stabilize and prevent coastal erosion. ''Ammophila'' species are native to the coasts of the North Atlantic Ocean where they are usually the dominant species on sand dunes. Their native range includes few inland regions, with the Great Lakes of North America being the main exception. The genus name ''Ammophila'' originates from the Greek words ἄμμος (''ámmos''), meaning "sand", and φίλος (''philos''), meaning "friend". The ''Ammophila'' grasses are widely known as examples of xerophytes, plants that can withstand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
