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Chimuan Languages
Chimuan (also Chimúan) or Yuncan (Yunga–Puruhá, Yunca–Puruhán) is a hypothetical small extinct language family of northern Peru and Ecuador (inter-Andean valley). Family division Chimuan consisted of three attested languages: * Mochica (a.k.a. Yunga, Chimú) * Cañar–Puruhá ** Cañari (a.k.a. Cañar, Kanyari) ** Puruhá (a.k.a. Puruwá, Puruguay) All languages are now extinct. Campbell (2012) classifies Mochica and Cañar–Puruhá each as separate language families. Mochica was one of the major languages of pre-Columbian South America. It was documented by Fernando de la Carrera and Middendorff in the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries respectively. It became extinct ca. 1950, although some people remember a few words. Adelaar & Muysken (2004) consider Mochica a language isolate for now. Cañari and Puruhá are documented with only a few words. These two languages are usually connected with Mochica. However, as their documentation level is so low, it may n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Family
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ''ancestral language'' or ''parental language'', called the proto-language of that family. The term "family" reflects the tree model of language origination in historical linguistics, which makes use of a metaphor comparing languages to people in a biological family tree, or in a subsequent modification, to species in a phylogenetic tree of evolutionary taxonomy. Linguists therefore describe the ''daughter languages'' within a language family as being ''genetically related''. According to '' Ethnologue'' there are 7,151 living human languages distributed in 142 different language families. A living language is defined as one that is the first language of at least one person. The language families with the most speakers are: the Indo-European family, with many widely spoken languages native to Europe (such as English and Spanish) and South Asia (such as Hindi and Bengali); and the Sino-Tibeta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chimuan Languages
Chimuan (also Chimúan) or Yuncan (Yunga–Puruhá, Yunca–Puruhán) is a hypothetical small extinct language family of northern Peru and Ecuador (inter-Andean valley). Family division Chimuan consisted of three attested languages: * Mochica (a.k.a. Yunga, Chimú) * Cañar–Puruhá ** Cañari (a.k.a. Cañar, Kanyari) ** Puruhá (a.k.a. Puruwá, Puruguay) All languages are now extinct. Campbell (2012) classifies Mochica and Cañar–Puruhá each as separate language families. Mochica was one of the major languages of pre-Columbian South America. It was documented by Fernando de la Carrera and Middendorff in the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries respectively. It became extinct ca. 1950, although some people remember a few words. Adelaar & Muysken (2004) consider Mochica a language isolate for now. Cañari and Puruhá are documented with only a few words. These two languages are usually connected with Mochica. However, as their documentation level is so low, it may n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Čestmír Loukotka
Čestmír Loukotka (12 November 1895 – 13 April 1966) was a Czechoslovak linguist. His daughter was Jarmila Loukotková. Career Loukotka proposed a classification for the languages of South America based on several previous works. This classification contained a lot of unpublished material and was therefore superior to all previous classifications. He divided the languages of South America and the Caribbean into 77 different families, based upon similarities of vocabulary and available lists. His classification of 1968 is the most influential and was based upon two previous schemes (1935, 1944), which were similar to those proposed by Paul Rivet Paul Rivet (7 May 1876, Wasigny, Ardennes – 21 March 1958) was a French ethnologist known for founding the Musée de l'Homme in 1937. In his professional work, Rivet is known for his theory that South America was originally populated i ... (whom he was a student of), although the number of families was increased to 9 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uru–Chipaya Languages
The Uru–Chipaya family is an indigenous language family of Bolivia. The speakers were originally fishermen on the shores of Lake Titicaca Lake Titicaca (; es, Lago Titicaca ; qu, Titiqaqa Qucha) is a large freshwater lake in the Andes mountains on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It is often called the highest navigable lake in the world. By volume of water and by surface area, i ..., Lake Poopó, and the Desaguadero River. Chipaya has over a thousand speakers and sees vigorous use in the native community, but all other Uru languages or dialects are extinct. Loukotka (1968) also lists the Chango language, once spoken on the coast of Chile from Huasco to Cobija in Antofagasta Province. The population has since been Araucanized. Proposed external relationships Stark (1972) proposed a Maya–Yunga–Chipayan macrofamily linking Mayan with Uru–Chipaya and Yunga (Mochica). Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mayan Languages
The Mayan languagesIn linguistics, it is conventional to use ''Mayan'' when referring to the languages, or an aspect of a language. In other academic fields, ''Maya'' is the preferred usage, serving as both a singular and plural noun, and as the adjectival form. form a language family spoken in Mesoamerica, both in the south of Mexico and northern Central America. Mayan languages are spoken by at least 6 million Maya people, primarily in Guatemala, Mexico, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras. In 1996, Guatemala formally recognized 21 Mayan languages by name,Achiʼ is counted as a variant of Kʼicheʼ by the Guatemalan government. and Mexico recognizes eight within its territory. The Mayan language family is one of the best-documented and most studied in the Americas. Modern Mayan languages descend from the Proto-Mayan language, thought to have been spoken at least 5,000 years ago; it has been partially reconstructed using the comparative method. The proto-Mayan language di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maya–Yunga–Chipayan Languages
The Maya–Yunga–Chipayan languages are a proposed macrofamily linking the Chimuan, Uru–Chipaya, and Mayan language families of the Americas. The macrofamily was proposed by Stark (1972). However, it has not gained widespread acceptance among linguists. Classification Stark's (1972) classification is as follows. ;Maya–Yunga–Chipayan *Mayan *Chimu–Chipayan ** Uru–Chipaya ** Chimuan *** Yunga (Mochica) *** Cañari–Puruhá ***? Sechura–Catacao ( Tallán) Tovar (1961), partly based on Schmidt (1926),Schmidt, Wilhelm (1926). ''Die Sprachfamilien und Sprachenkreise der Erde'', p. 214. Heidelberg. adds Tallán ( Sechura–Catacao) to Chimuan (which he calls ''Yunga-Puruhá''). Tovar's (1961) classification below is cited from Stark (1972). Lexical comparisons Stark (1972) proposed a Maya–Yunga–Chipayan macrofamily linking Mayan Mayan most commonly refers to: * Maya peoples, various indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica and northern Central America * Maya civili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catacaos Language
The Catacaoan languages are an extinct family of three languages spoken in the Piura Region of Peru. The three languages in the family are: * Catacao or Katakao, once spoken around the city of Catacaos * Colán or Kolán, once spoken between the Piura River and Chira River *Chira or Lachira or Tangarará, once spoken along the Chira River Chira River or Rio Chira is the name of a river (as well as valley) in northern Peru whose mouth is 100 km north west of the provincial capital of Piura and 25 km north of the port of Paita. Its source is in the Ecuadorian Andes near th .... It is unattested. In Glottolog, the two attested languages, Catacao and Colán, are subsumed into the extinct Tallán language as dialects. Vocabulary comparison Genetic relations Loukota compares Catacaoan to the Culle language and the Sechura language but does not make any claims about genetic relatedness. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Catacaoan Languages Indigenous languages of S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colán Language
Colán (Kolán) is an extinct language of Peru.Urban, Matthias. 2019. Lost languages of the Peruvian North Coast'. Estudios Indiana 12. Berlin: Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut (Preußischer Kulturbesitz) & Gebr. Mann Verlag. References Languages of Peru Catacaoan languages {{na-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sechura Language
The Sechura language, also known as Sek, is an extinct language spoken in the Piura Region of Peru, near the port of Sechura Sechura is a city in northwestern Peru, south of Piura. It is the capital of Sechura Province in the Piura Region. The city lends its name to the Sechura Desert The Sechura Desert is a coastal desert located south of the Piura Region of Pe .... It appears to have become extinct by the beginning of the 20th century. The only documentation is that of an 1863 wordlist by Richard Spruce, as well as a word list by Bishop Martínez Compañón (1782-1790).Martínez Compañón, Baltasar Jaime. 1985 782-1790 ''Trujillo del Perú en el siglo XVIII'', vol. 2. Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispánica. Classification Sechura is too poorly known to be definitively classified. Kaufman notes that a connection between Sechura and the Catacaoan languages is likely and is supported by lexical evidence. Sek family Rivet groups Sechura and Tallán together under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sek Language
The Sechura language, also known as Sek, is an extinct language spoken in the Piura Region of Peru, near the port of Sechura Sechura is a city in northwestern Peru, south of Piura. It is the capital of Sechura Province in the Piura Region. The city lends its name to the Sechura Desert The Sechura Desert is a coastal desert located south of the Piura Region of Pe .... It appears to have become extinct by the beginning of the 20th century. The only documentation is that of an 1863 wordlist by Richard Spruce, as well as a word list by Bishop Martínez Compañón (1782-1790).Martínez Compañón, Baltasar Jaime. 1985 782-1790 ''Trujillo del Perú en el siglo XVIII'', vol. 2. Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispánica. Classification Sechura is too poorly known to be definitively classified. Kaufman notes that a connection between Sechura and the Catacaoan languages is likely and is supported by lexical evidence. Sek family Rivet groups Sechura and Tallán together under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cañari Language
Cañar or Cañari is a poorly attested extinct language of the Marañón River basin in Ecuador which is difficult to classify, apart from being apparently related to Puruhá, though it may have been Chimuan or Barbacoan. (See Cañari–Puruhá languages.) It was the original language of the Cañari people before its replacement by Kichwa and later Spanish. Cañari substratum in Cañar Quichua According to Urban (2018), modern-day Cañar Quichua (spoken in Cañar Province, Ecuador) has a Cañari substratum In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for "layer") or strate is a language that influences or is influenced by another through contact. A substratum or substrate is a language that has lower power or prestige than another, while a superstratum or sup ..., which can be seen in the phonology and lexicon of the dialect. Below is a list of Cañar Quichua words with Barbacoan lexical parallels, and hence likely to be words of Cañari origin. The words were compiled by Urban ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
