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Categories Of New Testament Manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in ''The Text of the New Testament''. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian manuscripts are category I, while later Byzantine manuscripts are category V. Aland's method involved considering 1000 passages where the Byzantine text differs from non-Byzantine text. The Alands did not select their 1000 readings from all of the NT books; for example, none were drawn from Matthew and Luke. Description of categories The Alands' categories do not simply correspond to the text-types; all they do is demonstrate the 'Byzantine-ness' of a particular text; that is, how much it is similar to the Byzantine text-type, from least (Category I) to most similar (Category V). Category V can be equated with the Byzantine text-type, but the other categories are not necessarily re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biblical Manuscript
A biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. Biblical manuscripts vary in size from tiny scrolls containing individual verses of the Jewish scriptures (see ''Tefillin'') to huge polyglot codices (multi-lingual books) containing both the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the New Testament, as well as extracanonical works. The study of biblical manuscripts is important because handwritten copies of books can contain errors. Textual criticism attempts to reconstruct the original text of books, especially those published prior to the invention of the printing press. Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh) manuscripts The Aleppo Codex (c. 920 CE) and Leningrad Codex (c. 1008 CE) were once the oldest known manuscripts of the Tanakh in Hebrew. In 1947, the finding of the Dead Sea scrolls at Qumran pushed the manuscript history of the Tanakh back a millennium from such codices. Before this discovery, the earliest extant manuscripts of the Old Testament were in Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Sinaiticus
The Codex Sinaiticus (Shelfmark: London, British Library, Add MS 43725), designated by siglum [Aleph] or 01 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 2 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), or Sinai Bible is a 4th-century Christian manuscript of a Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Greek Old Testament, including the Apocrypha, and the Greek New Testament, with both the Epistle of Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas included. It is written in uncial letters on parchment. It is one of the four great uncial codices (these being manuscripts which originally contained the whole of both the Old and New Testaments). Along with Codex Alexandrinus and Codex Vaticanus, it is one of the earliest and most complete manuscripts of the Bible, and contains the oldest complete copy of the New Testament. It is a historical treasure, and using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the mid-4th cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncial 0181
Uncial 0181 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 4th-century (or the 5th). Description The codex contains a small parts of the Gospel of Luke 9:59-10:14, on one parchment leaf (15 cm by 14 cm). The text is written in one column per page, 26 lines per page, in uncial letters. The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category II. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 4th or 5th century. The codex is housed at the Papyrus Collection of the Austrian National Library (Pap. G. 39778) in Vienna. See also * List of New Testament uncials * Textual criticism Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts or of printed books. Such texts may range in da ... References Furth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncial 057
Uncial 057 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 4th or 5th century. Description The codex contains a part of the Acts of Apostles (3:5-6,10-12), on a fragment of only one leaf (9 cm by 13 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, 27 lines per page. The letters are small, about 2 mm high. C. R. Gregory added it to the list of New Testament manuscripts in 1908. The Greek text of this codex is a good representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Kurt Aland placed it in Category I. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 4th or 5th century. The codex now is located at the Berlin State Museums (P. 9808), in Berlin. See also * List of New Testament uncials * Textual criticism Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts or of printed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncial 0242
Uncial 0242 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 4th century. Description The codex contains a small parts of the Gospel of Matthew 8:25-9:2; 13:32-38,40-46, on two parchment leaves (23 cm by 20 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, 25 lines per page, in uncial letters. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 4th century. It was examined by Ramón Roca-Puig in 1959. The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Kurt Aland in 1963. Location Currently the codex is housed at the Egyptian Museum (no. 71942) in Cairo. Text The Greek text of this codex is mixed. Aland placed it in Category III. See also * List of New Testament uncials * Textual criticism Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncial 0231
Uncial 0231 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. The manuscript palaeographically has been assigned to the 4th century. Description It contains a small parts of the Gospel of Matthew (26:75-27:1,3-4), on 1 parchment leaf (15 cm by 11.5 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, 15 lines per page. The Greek text of this codex is mixed. Aland placed it in Category III. It was found in Antinoopolis (modern El-Sheikh Ibada). Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 4th century. It was examined by G. R. Roberts in 1950. Guglielmo Cavallo published its facsimile. The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Kurt Aland in 1953. The codex is housed at the Ashmolean Museum (P. Ant. 11), in Oxford. See also * List of New Testament uncials * Textual criticism Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of literary criticism that is concerned with the identi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncial 0228
Uncial 0228 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. The manuscript paleographically had been assigned to the 4th century. It contains a small parts of the Epistle to the Hebrews (12:19-21,23-25), on 1 parchment leaf (15 cm by 12 cm). Written in one column per page, 17 lines per page. The Greek text of this codex is mixed. Aland placed it in Category III. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 4th century. The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Kurt Aland in 1953. The codex currently is housed at the Austrian National Library, in Vienna, with the shelf number Pap. G. 19888. See also * List of New Testament uncials * Textual criticism Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts or of printed books. Such texts may range in da ... Refere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncial 0221
Uncial 0221 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 4th century. The codex contains a small part of the Epistle to the Romans (5:16-17,19,21-6:3) on 2 parchment leaves (18 cm by 16 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, 20 lines per page. The Greek text of this codex is mixed. Aland placed it in Category III. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 4th century. The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Kurt Aland in 1953. Peter Sanz publisher transcription in 1946. It was examined by Guglielmo Cavallo.''Van Haelst 0496 Nestle-Aland 0221'' LDAB The codex currently is housed at the |
Uncial 0207
Uncial 0207 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 4th-century. Description The codex contains a small parts of the Book of Revelation 9:2-15, on one parchment leaf (19 cm by 15 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, 29 lines per page, in a small uncial letters. The leaf is paginated (no 478). The text-type of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type with numerous alien readings. Aland placed it in Category III. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 4th century. The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Ernst von Dobschütz in 1933. The manuscript was found in Egypt. Mario Naldini published its facsimile.Codex 0207 (GA) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncial 0206
Uncial 0206 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the 4th century. Description The surviving leaf contains a small part of the First Epistle of Peter 5:5-13, on one parchment leaf (14 cm by 10 cm). The manuscript leaf is small, and text is written in one column per page, 8 lines per page, in large monumental uncial letters. It originally formed part of a deluxe manuscript book collecting an extensive corpus of Christian texts. The handwriting resembles Codex Sinaiticus. Papyrologist Don Barker notes a page number added to the head of the verso (reverse side) had been misread by papyrologist Bernard Grenfell, the original editor, as 229 (represented by Greek letters functioning as numerals), but is in fact 829 (or possibly 819; represented by Greek letters or - middle letter is unclear). This demonstrates the copyist h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncial 0188
Uncial 0188 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 4th century. Description The codex contains a small parts of the Gospel of Mark 11:11-17, on one parchment leaf (13 cm by 11 cm). It is written in two columns per page, 21 lines per page, in uncial letters. The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Caesarean text-type,David Alan Black, ''New Testament Textual Criticism. A Concise Guide,'' Grand Rapids 2006, p. 65. but with many singular readings. Aland placed it in Category III. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 4th century. The codex currently is housed at the Berlin State Museums (P. 13416) in Berlin. See also * List of New Testament uncials * Textual criticism Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts or of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncial 0169
Uncial 0169 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), known also as the ''Princeton fragment'', is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 4th century. Description The codex contains a small parts of the Book of Revelation 3:19-4:3, on an almost complete parchment leaf (9.3 cm by 7.7 cm). It is written in one column per page, 14 lines per page, in small uncial letters. The hand of the codex is a fair-sized upright uncial, fairly regular.Bruce M. Metzger, ''Manuscripts of the Greek Bible. An Introduction to Greek Paleography'', ''Oxford University Press'', New York - Oxford 1991, p. 72. The letter sigma was formed with two strokes of the pen, and epsilon with three strokes; the letters kappa and upsilon have serifs. The two pages are numbered in the outside upper corner 33 and 34. The nomina sacra are written in abbreviated forms, but some of the usual contractions are written in length forms (e.g. ουρανω).B. P. Grenfell & A. S. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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