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Carnett's Sign
In medicine, Carnett's sign is a finding on clinical examination in which (acute abdomen, acute) abdominal pain remains unchanged or increases when the muscles of the abdominal wall are tensed. For this part of the abdominal examination, the patient can be asked to lift the head and shoulders from the examination table to tense the abdominal muscles. An alternative is to ask the patient to raise both legs with straight knees. A Medical test#Positive or negative, positive test indicates the increased likelihood that the abdominal wall and not the abdominal cavity is the source of the pain (for example, due to rectus sheath hematoma instead of appendicitis). A Medical test#Positive or negative, negative Carnett's sign is said to occur when the abdominal pain decreases when the patient is asked to lift the head; this points to an intra-abdominal cause of the pain. History This test was first described by John Berton Carnett, John B. Carnett in 1926.Carnett JB (1926) Intercostal neura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastroenterology
Gastroenterology (from the Greek gastḗr- “belly”, -énteron “intestine”, and -logía "study of") is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders. The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract, sometimes referred to as the ''GI tract,'' which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine as well as the accessory organs of digestion which includes the pancreas, gallbladder, and liver. The digestive system functions to move material through the GI tract via peristalsis, break down that material via digestion, absorb nutrients for use throughout the body, and remove waste from the body via defecation. Physicians who specialize in the medical specialty of gastroenterology are called gastroenterologists or sometimes ''GI doctors''. Some of the most common conditions managed by gastroenterologists include gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, irritable bowel syndrome, irritable bow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appendicitis
Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix. Symptoms commonly include right lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite. However, approximately 40% of people do not have these typical symptoms. Severe complications of a ruptured appendix include widespread, painful inflammation of the inner lining of the abdominal wall and sepsis. Appendicitis is caused by a blockage of the hollow portion of the appendix. This is most commonly due to a calcified "stone" made of feces. Inflamed lymphoid tissue from a viral infection, parasites, gallstone, or tumors may also cause the blockage. This blockage leads to increased pressures in the appendix, decreased blood flow to the tissues of the appendix, and bacterial growth inside the appendix causing inflammation. The combination of inflammation, reduced blood flow to the appendix and distention of the appendix causes tissue injury and tissue death. If this process is left untreated, the appendix may burst, releasing b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interchondral Joint
The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. Differences from Ribs 1-12 The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum; the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib; the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth. Their breadth, as well as that of the intervals between them, diminishes from the first to the last. They are broad at their attachments to the ribs, and taper toward their sternal extremities, excepting the first two, which are of the same breadth throughout, and the sixth, seventh, and eighth, which are enlarged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slipping Rib Syndrome
Slipping rib syndrome (SRS) is a condition in which the interchondral ligaments are weakened or disrupted and have increased laxity, causing the costal cartilage tips to subluxate (partially dislocate). This results in pain or discomfort due to pinched or irritated intercostal nerves, straining of the intercostal muscles, and inflammation. The condition affects the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs, referred to as the false ribs, with the 10th rib most commonly affected. Slipping rib syndrome was first described by Edgar Ferdinand Cyriax in 1919; however, the condition is rarely recognized and frequently overlooked. A study estimated the prevalence of the condition to be 1% of clinical diagnoses in a general medicine clinic and 5% in a gastroenterology clinic, with a separate study finding it to be 3% in a mixed specialty general medicine and gastroenterology clinic. The condition has also been referred to as Cyriax syndrome, clicking rib syndrome, painful rib syndrome, interchondra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterocele
An enterocele is a protrusion of the small intestines and peritoneum into the vaginal canal. It may be treated transvaginally or by laparoscopy. An enterocele may also obstruct the rectum, leading to symptoms of obstructed defecation. Enteroceles can form after treatment for gynecological cancers. See also *Dolichodouglas A Dolichodouglas (word derived from ancient Greek Δόλιχος (dolichos), the long distance in running and the Douglas' pouch) is the medical term describing an abnormally profound Douglas' pouch (recto-uterine pouch). It may be congenital or ac ... References External links {{Womens-health-stub Noninflammatory disorders of female genital tract Women's health ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hematoma
A hematoma, also spelled haematoma, or blood suffusion is a localized bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries. A hematoma is benign and is initially in liquid form spread among the tissues including in sacs between tissues where it may coagulate and solidify before blood is reabsorbed into blood vessels. An ecchymosis is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10 mm. They may occur among and or within many areas such as skin and other organs, connective tissues, bone, joints and muscle. A collection of blood (or even a hemorrhage) may be aggravated by anticoagulant medication (blood thinner). Blood seepage and collection of blood may occur if heparin is given via an intramuscular route; to avoid this, heparin must be given intravenously or subcutaneously. Signs and symptoms Some hematomas are visible under the surface of the skin (commonly called bruises ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slipping Rib Syndrome
Slipping rib syndrome (SRS) is a condition in which the interchondral ligaments are weakened or disrupted and have increased laxity, causing the costal cartilage tips to subluxate (partially dislocate). This results in pain or discomfort due to pinched or irritated intercostal nerves, straining of the intercostal muscles, and inflammation. The condition affects the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs, referred to as the false ribs, with the 10th rib most commonly affected. Slipping rib syndrome was first described by Edgar Ferdinand Cyriax in 1919; however, the condition is rarely recognized and frequently overlooked. A study estimated the prevalence of the condition to be 1% of clinical diagnoses in a general medicine clinic and 5% in a gastroenterology clinic, with a separate study finding it to be 3% in a mixed specialty general medicine and gastroenterology clinic. The condition has also been referred to as Cyriax syndrome, clicking rib syndrome, painful rib syndrome, interchondra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome
Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is a nerve entrapment condition that causes chronic pain of the abdominal wall. It occurs when nerve endings of the lower thoracic intercostal nerves (7–12) are 'entrapped' in abdominal muscles, causing a severe localized nerve (neuropathic) pain that is usually experienced at the front of the abdomen. ACNES is frequently overlooked and unrecognized, although the incidence is estimated to be 1:2000 patients. The relative unfamiliarity with this condition often leads to significant diagnostic delays and misdiagnoses, often resulting in unnecessary diagnostic interventions and futile procedures. Physicians often misdiagnose ACNES as irritable bowel syndrome or appendicitis as symptoms of the condition are not unique to this syndrome. Signs and symptoms Affected individuals typically experience limited relief from standard pain relieving medication, with the exception of some neuroleptic agents. Patients frequently experi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hernia
A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Various types of hernias can occur, most commonly involving the abdomen, and specifically the groin. Groin hernias are most commonly of the inguinal type but may also be femoral. Other types of hernias include hiatus, incisional, and umbilical hernias. Symptoms are present in about 66% of people with groin hernias. This may include pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen, especially with coughing, exercise, or urinating or defecating. Often, it gets worse throughout the day and improves when lying down. A bulge may appear at the site of hernia, that becomes larger when bending down. Groin hernias occur more often on the right than left side. The main concern is bowel strangulation, where the blood supply to part of the bowel is blocked. This usually produces severe pain and tenderness in the area. Hiatus, or hiatal hernias often result in hear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edgar Ferdinand Cyriax
Edgar Ferdinand Cyriax (February 28, 1874 - February 19, 1955) was an English-Swedish orthopedic physician and physiotherapist from London, England. He is known for his work in gymnastics, manipulative treatment, and for the first written description of slipping rib syndrome. Biography Edgar Ferdinand Cyriax was born in London, England on February 28, 1874, to Julius Friedrich Theodor Cyriax and Anna Lina Antonia Romana Eckenstein. In 1899 Cyriax married Annjuta (Anna) Kellgren, daughter of Jonas Henrik Kellgren, Cyriax's mentor. Together they had James Cyriax, Anna Violet Cyriax and Mary Elizabeth Cyriax. Cyriax obtained his medical degree at Edinburgh University in 1901, then later graduated from the Kungliga Gymnastika Central Institut in Stockholm, Sweden. He founded the North American Academy of Manipulative Medicine together with James Mennell. The first written description of slipping rib syndrome Slipping rib syndrome (SRS) is a condition in which the interchond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Berton Carnett
John Berton Carnett (1890–1988) was an American surgeon remembered for Carnett's sign. He was Professor of Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and was Director of American Base Hospital No. 20 in Chatel-Guyon, France, during the First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin .... First World War Carnett organized the University of Pennsylvania's Base Hospital No. 20. He helped secure finances for the equipment and recruited the medical staff. In April 1917, he became director of the hospital, when the United States entered the War. After arriving in France in June, he and a few other personnel were detached from the Base Hospital to form Surgical Operating Team No. 62. Carnett and the other members of his team received a letter of commen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rectus Sheath Hematoma
A rectus sheath hematoma is an accumulation of blood in the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle. It causes abdominal pain with or without a mass. The hematoma may be caused by either rupture of the epigastric artery or by a muscular tear. Causes of this include anticoagulation, coughing, pregnancy, abdominal surgery and trauma. With an ageing population and the widespread use of anticoagulant medications, there is evidence that this historically benign condition is becoming more common and more serious. On abdominal examination, people may have a positive Carnett's sign. Most hematomas resolve without treatment, but they may take several months to resolve. File:CT of rectus sheath hematomas.png, Multiplanar CT scan of a spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma because of warfarin treatment. File:Rektusscheidenhaematom - CT axial - mit aktiver Blutung.jpg, Rectus sheath hematoma seen on axial CT – with active bleeding under Marcoumar File:UOTW 13 - Ultrasound of the Week 1.web ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
