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Cardinals Created By Paul III
Pope Paul III (r. 1534–1549) created 71 cardinals in twelve consistories. 18 December 1534 # Alessandro Farnese, ''iuniore'' # Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora 21 May 1535 # Nikolaus von Schönberg # Girolamo Ghinucci # Giacomo Simoneta # John Fisher # Jean du Bellay # Gasparo Contarini # Marino Caracciolo Desiderius Erasmus was offered a cardinal's hat, but he declined. 22 December 1536 # Gian Pietro Carafa # Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte # Ennio Filonardi # Jacopo Sadoleto # Cristoforo Giacobazzi # Charles de Hémard de Denonville # Rodolfo Pio da Carpi # Reginald Pole # Rodrigo Luis de Borja y de Castre-Pinós # Girolamo Aleandro (created ''in pectore'') # Niccolò Caetani 18 October 1538 # Pedro Sarmiento 20 December 1538 # Juan Álvarez de Toledo # Pedro Fernández Manrique # Robert de Lénoncourt # David Beaton # Ippolito II d'Este # Pietro Bembo 19 December 1539 # Federigo Fregoso # Pierre de La Baume # Antoine Sanguin # Uberto Gamb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titian – Portrait Of Pope Paul III With His Grandsons – Google Art Project – Edited
Tiziano Vecelli or Vecellio (; 27 August 1576), known in English as Titian ( ), was an Italian (Venetian) painter of the Renaissance, considered the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school. He was born in Pieve di Cadore, near Belluno. During his lifetime he was often called ''da Cadore'', 'from Cadore', taken from his native region. Recognized by his contemporaries as "The Sun Amidst Small Stars" (recalling the final line of Dante's '' Paradiso''), Titian was one of the most versatile of Italian painters, equally adept with portraits, landscape backgrounds, and mythological and religious subjects. His painting methods, particularly in the application and use of colour, exercised a profound influence not only on painters of the late Italian Renaissance, but on future generations of Western artists. His career was successful from the start, and he became sought after by patrons, initially from Venice and its possessions, then joined by the north Italian pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Julius III
Pope Julius III ( la, Iulius PP. III; it, Giulio III; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 February 1550 to his death in March 1555. After a career as a distinguished and effective diplomat, he was elected to the papacy as a compromise candidate after the death of Paul III. As pope, he made only reluctant and short-lived attempts at reform, mostly devoting himself to a life of personal pleasure. His reputation, and that of the Catholic Church, were greatly harmed by his scandal-ridden relationship with his adopted nephew, Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte. He is the most recent pope to date to take on the pontifical name "Julius". Education and early career Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte was born in Monte San Savino. He was educated by the humanist Raffaele Brandolini Lippo, and later studied law at Perugia and Siena. During his career, he distinguished himself as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Álvarez De Toledo
Juan Álvarez de Toledo (15 July 1488 – 15 September 1557) was a Spanish Dominican and Cardinal, from 1538. Considered '' papabile'' in the papal conclave (1549–1550), he was initially running second in votes to Reginald Pole. He was again a candidate in 1555. He was an influential figure in the history of the University of Santiago de Compostela, sanctioning a division of lay from religious studies. He was bishop of Córdoba in 1532, and |
Cardinal David Beaton
David Beaton (also Beton or Bethune; 29 May 1546) was Archbishop of St Andrews and the last Scottish cardinal prior to the Reformation. Career Cardinal Beaton was the sixth and youngest son of eleven children of John Beaton (Bethune) of Balfour in the county of Fife, and his wife Mary, daughter of Sir David Boswell of Balmuto. The Bethunes of Balfour were part of Clan Bethune, the Scottish branch of the noble French House of Bethune. The Cardinal is said to have been born in 1494. He was educated at the universities of St Andrews and Glasgow, and in his sixteenth year was sent to Paris, where he studied civil and canon law. In 1519 King James V of Scotland named him ambassador in France. In 1520, his uncle, James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow, named David Beaton Rector and Prebendary at Cambuslang. After his uncle became Archbishop of St. Andrews in 1522, he resigned the position of Commendator of Arbroath in favour of his nephew. In 1525 David Beaton returned from Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro Sarmiento (cardinal)
Pedro Sarmiento (c. 1478–1541) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Pedro Sarmiento was born in Ribadeo, on the north-west coast of Spain, ca. 1478, the son of Pedro Ruiz de Sarmiento, 1st count of Salinas, and María de Villandrado, ''señora'' of Ribadeo. He studied civil law and canon law Canon law (from grc, κανών, , a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is t ... at the University of Salamanca and the University of Valladolid. He became a canon (priest), canon of the cathedral chapter of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in 1496. He also became a canon of the chapter of the cathedral at Tui, Pontevedra. He was the last abbot of the monastery of Santa Marta in Astorga, Spain, Astorga. He took Holy Orders, orders as a deacon and was a perpetual beneficiary of the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niccolò Caetani
Niccolò Caetani di Sermoneta (1526–1585) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop. Biography Niccolò Caetani was born in Rome on 23 February 1526, the son of Camillo Caetani, 3rd duke of Sermoneta, a cousin of Pope Paul III, and his second wife, Flaminia Savelli. His families were patricians from Naples. He was the uncle of Cardinal Enrico Caetani. At the age of 10, Pope Paul III made him a cardinal deacon '' in pectore'' in the consistory of 22 December 1536. On 5 March 1537 he became administrator of the Diocese of Bisignano. His elevation to the cardinalate was published in the consistory of 13 March 1538; he received the red hat and the deaconry of San Nicola in Carcere on 16 April 1538. On 8 August 1539 he was elected Bishop of Conza. He was promoted to the metropolitan see of Capua on 5 May 1546. He resigned the administration of Bisignano on 13 March 1549. He participated in the papal conclave of 1549-50 that elected Pope Julius III. He became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
In Pectore
''In pectore'' (Latin for "in the breast/heart") is a term used in the Catholic Church for an action, decision, or document which is meant to be kept secret. It is most often used when there is a papal appointment to the College of Cardinals without a public announcement of the name of that cardinal. The pope reserves that name to himself. The Italian language version of the phrase – ''in petto'' – is sometimes used. When the name of a new cardinal is announced or made public, it is sometimes said to be ''published''. Since the practice arose in the sixteenth century its use has varied greatly. Some popes have used it rarely or not at all, while others have used it regularly. In the first half of the 19th century, Pope Gregory XVI appointed half of his 75 cardinals ''in pectore'' and left several unidentified at his death. Background Since the fifteenth century, popes have made such appointments to manage complex relations among factions within the Church, when p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Girolamo Aleandro
Girolamo Aleandro (also Hieronymus Aleander; 13 February 14801 February 1542) was an Italian cardinal, and . Life Aleandro was born on 13 February 1480 in Motta di Livenza, in the province of Treviso, part of the Republic of Venice. He studied in Venice, where he became acquainted with Erasmus and Aldus Manutius, and at an early age was reputed one of the most learned men of the time. In 1508 he went to Paris on the invitation of Louis XII as professor of ''belles lettres,'' and held for a time the position of Rector of the University of Paris. He was an early teacher of Greek at the University and edited texts by Isocrates and Plutarch printed by Gilles de Gourmont in 1509/1510. Entering the service of Érard de La Marck, prince-bishop of Liège, he was sent by that prelate on a mission to Rome, where Pope Leo X retained him, giving him (1519) the office of librarian of the Vatican. In the following year he went to Germany to be present as papal nuncio at the coronation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rodrigo Luis De Borja Y De Castre-Pinós
Rodrigo Luis de Borja y de Castre-Pinós (1524–1537) was a Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography A member of the House of Borgia, Rodrigo Luis de Borja y de Castre-Pinós was born in Gandía in 1524, the son of Juan de Borja y Enríquez de Luna, 3rd Duke of Gandía, and his second wife Francisca de Castro y de Pinós. He was the half-brother on his father's side of Saint Francis Borgia, 4th Duke of Gandía and of Enrique de Borja y Aragón. He was the great-great-grandson of Pope Alexander VI. He inherited the barony of Navarrés by cessation of his father on 8 June 1530. He joined the Order of Santiago in 1533. At a very young age, Pope Paul III created him a cardinal deacon in the consistory of 22 December 1536. He received the deaconry of San Nicola in Carcere on 15 January 1537. He died almost immediately after Francisco Juan Roca, dean of the collegiate church In Christianity, a collegiate church is a church where the daily office of worship is maintained ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reginald Pole
Reginald Pole (12 March 1500 – 17 November 1558) was an English cardinal of the Catholic Church and the last Catholic archbishop of Canterbury, holding the office from 1556 to 1558, during the Counter-Reformation. Early life Pole was born at Stourton Castle, Staffordshire, on 12 March 1500, the third son of Sir Richard Pole and Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury. He was named after the now Blessed Reginald of Orleans, O.P. His maternal grandparents were George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, and Isabella Neville, Duchess of Clarence; thus he was a great-nephew of kings Edward IV and Richard III and a great-grandson of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. Pole received his early education at Sheen Priory. He matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1512, and at Oxford was taught by William Latimer and Thomas Linacre, graduating with a BA on 27 June 1515. In February 1518, King Henry VIII granted him the deanery of Wimborne Minster, Dorset; afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rodolfo Pio Da Carpi
Rodolfo Pio da Carpi (22 February 1500 – 2 May 1564) was an Italian Cardinal, humanist and patron of the arts. The nephew of a diplomat, he himself became a diplomat by the age of thirty, and came to know both Emperor Charles V and King Francis of France, and he negotiated with both on behalf of the pope. His uncle, Alberto Pio da Carpi, had been educated by Pico della Mirandola, and had become a noted humanist scholar. These associations formed Rodolfo's background and education. He formed a notable library and participated in the humanist studies of 16th-century Rome; he also served on the Roman Inquisition. He helped to establish the Inquisition at Milan. Biography Family The Lords of Carpi first made a position for themselves in the 14th century. From the house of Este they received the lordship of Carpi, and in 1518, through the influence of Pope Leo X, they acquired the subsidiary fiefs of Meldola and Sassuolo, with which Rodolfo Pio da Carpi was invested. Many membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles De Hémard De Denonville
Charles de Hémard de Denonville (1493–1540) was a French Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Charles de Hémard de Denonville was born in Denonville in 1493, the son of Pierre Hémard, ''seigneur'' de Denonville, and Jeanne Frémiere. He was educated at the ''Collège de Le Mans'' in Paris, becoming a doctor of both laws. After completing his education, he became a secretary of Cardinal Philippe de Luxembourg. In 1515, he obtained the benefice of Notre-Dame de Sanchez, Cahors, and in 1517, the benefice of Dangeau. Also in 1517, he became a canon of the cathedral chapter of Tours Cathedral. He was ordained as a priest on Easter Sunday, 1518. Following the death of Cardinal Philippe de Luxembourg in 1518, Hémard de Denonville became secretary of Cardinal Adrian Gouffier de Boissy; pastor of Saint-Gabriel de Vignoux, Bourges; and a canon of Coutances Cathedral, later its archdeacon. In 1520, he became a protonotary apostolic; in 1521, prior of Saint-Pierre de Aubiers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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