Campa Languages

	Campa Languages The Campa (Kampa) or Campan (Kampan) languages, a.k.a. Pre-Andine Maipurean / Arawakan, are closely related Arawakan languages of the Peruvian Amazon. Languages The Glottolog uses the term ''Pre-Andine'' for this group of languages and classifies them as follows, based on classifications by Michael (2011) and Pedrós: * Nomatsiguenga language, Nomatsigenga * Asha-Ashe-Kak-Matsi-Nan Matsi-Nan * Machiguenga language, Matsigenka * Nanti language, Nanti Asha-Ashe-Kak * Caquinte language, Caquinte * Ashe-Asha ** Asháninka language, Asháninka Ashéninka language, Ashéninka * Ashéninka language, Ashéninka Pajonal * Ashéninka language, South Ucayali Ashéninka Ashe-Asha Norte * Ashéninka language, Ashéninka Perené * Ashéninka language, Pichis Ashéninka * Axininca language, Aiyíninka Apurucayali * Ashéninka language, Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka There are grammars for Ashéninka Perené, Nanti, Aiyíninka Apurucayali, and Caqui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Arawakan Languages Arawakan (''Arahuacan, Maipuran Arawakan, "mainstream" Arawakan, Arawakan proper''), also known as Maipurean (also ''Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúre''), is a language family that developed among ancient indigenous peoples in South America. Branches migrated to Central America and the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, including what is now the Bahamas. Almost all present-day South American countries are known to have been home to speakers of Arawakan languages, the exceptions being Ecuador, Uruguay, and Chile. Maipurean may be related to other language families in a hypothetical Macro-Arawakan stock. Name The name ''Maipure'' was given to the family by Filippo S. Gilij in 1782, after the Maipure language of Venezuela, which he used as a basis of his comparisons. It was renamed after the culturally more important Arawak language a century later. The term ''Arawak'' took over, until its use was extended by North American scholars to the broader Macro-Arawakan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Asháninka Language Asháninka (also known as Campa, although this name is derogatory) is an Arawakan language spoken by the Asháninka people of Peru and Acre, Brazil. It is largely spoken in the Satipo Province located in the amazon forest. While there are low literacy rates in Asháninka, language use is vibrant among the Asháninka. Classification The Campa (or Pre-Andean) group of the Maipurean language family includes what have been called Asháninka, Gran Pajonal Campa, Ashéninka, Axaninca, Machiguenga, and Nomatsiguenga. As these are all very closely related linguistic systems, the decision to call them dialects of a single language or different languages rests on social and political considerations rather than linguistic similarity or difference, as in so many other places in the world. Attempts to unify the varieties with one written standard have not been successful. History The language has also been called both Asháninka and Campa; the latter of which is considered by the Ashá ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ashéninka Language Ashéninka (Ashéninca, Ashéninga) is the name that some varieties included in the Ashéninka-Asháninka dialect complex have traditionally received. These varieties belong to the Campan branch of the Arawak family. ''Ethnologue'' distinguishes seven languages throughout the whole complex, while Pedrós proposes a division in three languages (Ashéninka, Asháninka and Northern Ashé-Ashá) based on the principle of mutual intelligibility. The varieties included in Ashéninka and Northern Ashé-Ashá have traditionally been called ''Ashéninka''. Glottolog ''Glottolog'' is a bibliographic database of the world's lesser-known languages, developed and maintained first at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany (between 2015 and 2020 at the Max Planck Institute for ... reflects Pedrós’ proposal, although considering the languages proposed by him as groupings of the languages that the ''Ethnologue'' distinguishes. According to the indigenou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Caquinte Language Caquinte (Caquinte Campa), also Poyenisati, is an Arawakan language of Peru. It is spoken along the Poyeni, Mayapo, Picha, Yori, and Agueni rivers, with some speakers along parts of the Sensa and Vitiricaya rivers, within Junín, Peru. It is an endangered language. Caquinte people are a division of the Campa Indians. They mostly live outside the "regional cash economy". They raise manioc as protein staple, being a subsistence agricultural Subsistence agriculture occurs when farmers grow food crops to meet the needs of themselves and their families on smallholdings. Subsistence agriculturalists target farm output for survival and for mostly local requirements, with little or no su ... community. Their population approximates 1000 people, with "sporadic" outside contact.James Stuart Olson (1991). The Indians of Central and South America: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 73–. . References External links ELAR collectionAn Audiovisual Corpus o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Machiguenga Language Machiguenga (Matsigenka) is a major Arawakan language in the Campa sub-branch of the family. It is spoken in the Urubamba River Basin and along the Manu River in the Cusco and Madre de Dios departments of Peru by around 6,200 people. According to Ethnologue, it is experiencing pressure from Spanish and Quechua in the Urubamba region, but is active and healthy in the Manu region (most speakers are monolingual in Matsigenka). It is close enough to Nomatsiguenga that the two are sometimes considered dialects of a single language; both are spoken by the Machiguenga people. Nanti is partially mutually intelligible but ethnically distinct. There is extensive morphological inflection in Matsigenka; it is considered to be polysynthetic and features an agglutinative In linguistics, agglutination is a morphological process in which words are formed by stringing together morphemes, each of which corresponds to a single syntactic feature. Languages that use agglutination widely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Nomatsiguenga Language Nomatsiguenga (Matsigenka) is an Arawakan language of Peru. It is close enough to Machiguenga to sometimes be considered dialects of a single language, especially given that both are spoken by the Machiguenga people. Most speakers are monolingual. Phonology According to Lawrence, Nomatsiguenga has the following consonant and vowel phonemes. Grammar Nomatsiguenga is one of the few languages in the world that has two different causative In linguistics, a causative (abbreviated ) is a valency-increasing operationPayne, Thomas E. (1997). Describing morphosyntax: A guide for field linguists'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 173–186. that indicates that a subject either ... mechanisms to denote whether the causer was involved in the activity with the causee or not. The prefix ''ogi-'' is used to express the idea that the causer was ''not'' involved in the activity, while the suffix ''-hag'' is used when the causer ''is'' involved.Wise, M.R. (1986). "Grammatical char ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Nanti Language Nanti is an Arawakan language spoken by approximately 250 people in southeastern Peruvian Amazonia, principally in a number of small communities located near the headwaters of the Camisea and Timpía Rivers. It belongs to the Campa languages, Kampan branch of the Arawak family, and is most closely related to Machiguenga, Matsigenka, with which it is partially mutually intelligible., The language is also sometimes called Kogapakori (variants: Cogapacori, Kugapakori), a pejorative term of Matsigenka origin meaning 'violent person'.Michael, Lev and Christine Beier. 2007. Una breve historia del pueblo Nanti hasta el año 2004. Online version: http://www.cabeceras.org/cabeceras_nanti_histor_2004.pdf References Recordings Nanti Collection of Christine Beier and Lev Michaelat the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America. Contains four recordings of ceremonies in Nanti with transcriptions and translations. Bibliography Crowhurst, Megan and Lev Michael. 2005. Itera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]