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Sudoku
Sudoku (; ; originally called Number Place) is a logic puzzle, logic-based, combinatorics, combinatorial number-placement puzzle. In classic Sudoku, the objective is to fill a 9 × 9 grid with digits so that each column, each row, and each of the nine 3 × 3 subgrids that compose the grid (also called "boxes", "blocks", or "regions") contains all of the digits from 1 to 9. The puzzle setter provides a partially completed grid, which for a well-posed problem, well-posed puzzle has a single solution. French newspapers featured similar puzzles in the 19th century, and the modern form of the puzzle first appeared in 1979 puzzle books by Dell Magazines under the name Number Place. However, the puzzle type only began to gain widespread popularity in 1986 when it was published by the Japanese puzzle company Nikoli (publisher), Nikoli under the name Sudoku, meaning "single number". In newspapers outside of Japan, it first appeared in ''The Conway Daily Sun'' (New Hamp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maki Kaji
was a Japanese businessman who was the president of Nikoli, a puzzle manufacturer. He is widely known as "the father of Sudoku" for his role in popularizing the number game. Early life Kaji was born in Sapporo on 8 October 1951. His father worked as an engineer at a telecom company; his mother was employed by a kimono shop. Kaji attended Shakujii High School in his hometown. He later studied literature at Keio University, but dropped out during his first year. After a succession of jobs including being a roadie, a waiter and a construction worker, he started a publishing business. Career Kaji launched a quarterly puzzle magazine in 1980 called ''Nikoli'', together with two friends from his childhood. They named the magazine after a race horse that had won the 1980 2000 Guineas Stakes race in Ireland. Three years later, he founded a company under the same name. The magazine, the company's main product, grew to have 50,000 quarterly readers. The number game Sudoku appea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikoli (publisher)
is a Japanese publisher that specializes in games and, especially, logic puzzles. ''Nikoli'' is also the nickname of a quarterly magazine (whose full name is ''Puzzle Communication Nikoli'') issued by the company in Tokyo. ''Nikoli'' was established in 1980, and became prominent worldwide with the popularity of ''Sudoku''. The name "Nikoli" comes from the racehorse who won the Irish 2,000 Guineas in 1980; the founder of Nikoli, Maki Kaji, was fond of horseracing and betting. Nikoli is notable for its vast library of "culture independent" puzzles. An example of a language/culture-dependent genre of puzzle would be the crossword, which relies on a specific language and alphabet. For this reason Nikoli's puzzles are often purely logical, and often numerical. Nikoli's Sudoku, the most popular logic problem in Japan, was popularized in the English-speaking world in 2005, though that game has a history stretching back hundreds of years and across the globe. The magazine has invent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magic Square
In mathematics, especially History of mathematics, historical and recreational mathematics, a square array of numbers, usually positive integers, is called a magic square if the sums of the numbers in each row, each column, and both main diagonals are the same. The "order" of the magic square is the number of integers along one side (''n''), and the constant sum is called the "magic constant". If the array includes just the positive integers 1,2,...,n^2, the magic square is said to be "normal". Some authors take "magic square" to mean "normal magic square". Magic squares that include repeated entries do not fall under this definition and are referred to as "trivial". Some well-known examples, including the #Sagrada Família magic square, Sagrada Família magic square and the #Parker square, Parker square, are trivial in this sense. When all the rows and columns but not both diagonals sum to the magic constant, this gives a semimagic square (sometimes called orthomagic square). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La France (French Newspaper)
''La France'' was a daily financial newspaper in the 19th century. Founded in August 1862 by Arthur de La Guéronnière, the newspaper originally followed an editorial line that reconciled loyalty to Napoleon III with the reaffirmation of the temporal power of the Pope. It was bought in 1874 by Émile de Girardin, founder of the famous newspaper '' La Presse'' and a longtime collaborator of La Guéronnière. More respected than ''La Presse'' and "decidedly political," according to historian Tristan Gaston Breton, in the crisis of 16 May 1877 the newspaper fought the policies of Patrice de Mac Mahon and Duke Albert de Broglie. The paper also had sections devoted to Fine Arts and Letters. Employees included Gaston de Cambronne and Émile Cère. History The newspaper was funded by a group of senators, MPs, industrialists and landowners. The newspaper did not have any connection with the government. Its financial administration was entrusted to M. D. Pollonnais, General Council of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wayne Gould
Wayne Gould (高樂德) (born 3 July 1945 in Hāwera, New Zealand) is a retired Hong Kong judge, most recently known for helping to popularise sudoku puzzles in the United Kingdom, and thereafter in the United States. He pioneered the global success and popularity of the Sudoku puzzle outside Japan where it had been popular for many years. Gould worked as a judge in the criminal courts of Hong Kong. In 1997 he found a sudoku book in a bookstore in Tokyo. Gould then spent 6 years developing a computer program, known as Pappocom Sudoku, that could mass-produce puzzles for the global market. In November 2004 the London '' Times'' was convinced to publish the puzzles. His work led to the publication of sudoku puzzles in many UK newspapers. Part of his strategy in the U.S. market was offering newspapers a daily puzzle at no charge, unique to each paper, for publication accompanied by an offer of its solution via the Pappocom website. The website also offered those consulting it a low- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Conway Daily Sun
''The Conway Daily Sun'' is a five-day (Tuesday through Saturday) free daily newspaper published in North Conway, New Hampshire, United States, covering the Mount Washington Valley. It has been published since 1989 by Country News Club, and was the forerunner of three other ''Daily Sun'' newspapers in New Hampshire and Maine. ''The Conway Daily Sun'' was the first newspaper outside of Japan to publish the popular numbers puzzle Sudoku, in September 2004. Today Mark Guerringue, one of the three founders of Country News Club, still serves as publisher of ''The Conway Daily Sun'' as of early 2012. The ''Daily Sun'' circulates in several towns of Carroll County, New Hampshire, including Albany, New Hampshire, Albany, Bartlett, New Hampshire, Bartlett (including Glen), Conway, New Hampshire, Conway (including Intervale, New Hampshire, Intervale and North Conway, New Hampshire, North Conway), Eaton, New Hampshire, Eaton, Freedom, New Hampshire, Freedom, Jackson, New Hampshire, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
