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Submarine Pipelines
A submarine pipeline (also known as marine, subsea or offshore pipeline) is a Pipeline transport, pipeline that is laid on the seabed or below it inside a trench.Dean, p. 338-340Gerwick, p. 583-585 In some cases, the pipeline is mostly on-land but in places it crosses water expanses, such as small seas, straits and rivers.Palmer & King, p. 2-3 Submarine pipelines are used primarily to carry oil or gas, but transportation of water is also important. A distinction is sometimes made between a ''flowline'' and a pipeline.Bai & Bai, p. 22 The former is an ''intrafield'' pipeline, in the sense that it is used to connect subsea wellheads, manifolds and the Oil platform, platform ''within'' a particular development field. The latter, sometimes referred to as an ''export pipeline'', is used to bring the resource to shore. Sizeable pipeline construction projects need to take into account many factors, such as the offshore ecology, geohazards and environmental loading – they are often under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pipeline Transport
A pipeline is a system of Pipe (fluid conveyance), pipes for long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas, typically to a market area for consumption. The latest data from 2014 gives a total of slightly less than of pipeline in 120 countries around the world. The United States had 65%, Russia had 8%, and Canada had 3%, thus 76% of all pipeline were in these three countries. The main attribute to pollution from pipelines is caused by corrosion and leakage. ''Pipeline and Gas Journal''s worldwide survey figures indicate that of pipelines are planned and under construction. Of these, represent projects in the planning and design phase; reflect pipelines in various stages of construction. Liquids and gases are transported in pipelines, and any chemically stable substance can be sent through a pipeline. Pipelines exist for the transport of crude and refined petroleum, fuels—such as oil, natural gas and biofuels—and other fluids including sewage, slurry, water, beer, hot wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
