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Silene
''Silene'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Containing nearly 900 species, it is the largest genus in the family. Common names include campion and catchfly. Many ''Silene'' species are widely distributed, particularly in the northern hemisphere. Scientific history Members of this genus have been the subject of research by preeminent plant ecologists, evolutionary biologists, and geneticists, including Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel, Carl Correns, Herbert G. Baker, and Janis Antonovics. Many ''Silene'' species continue to be widely used to study systems, particularly in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology.Bernasconi et al. 2009. Silene as a model system in ecology and evolution. Heredity. 103:5-14. PMI19367316/ref> The genus has been used as a model for understanding the genetics of sex determination for over a century. ''Silene'' species commonly contain a mixture of hermaphroditic and female (or male-sterile) individuals ( gynodioecy), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Silene Species
The following species in the genus ''Silene'' are recognised by Plants of the World Online: *''Silene abietum'' Font Quer & Maire *''Silene acaulis'' (L.) Jacq. – moss campion *''Silene acutidentata'' Bondarenko & Vved. *''Silene acutifolia'' Link ex Rohrb. *''Silene adelphiae'' Runemark *''Silene adenocalyx'' F.N.Williams *''Silene adenopetala'' Raikova *''Silene adenophora'' (Schischk.) Czerep. *''Silene aegaea'' Oxelman *''Silene aegyptiaca'' (L.) L.f. *''Silene aellenii'' Sennen *''Silene aeoniopsis'' Bornm. *''Silene aethiopica'' Burm.f. *''Silene affghanica'' Rohrb. *''Silene ajanensis'' (Regel & Tiling) Vorosch. *''Silene akaisialpina'' (T.Yamaz.) H.Ohashi, Tateishi & H.Nakai *''Silene akinfijewii'' Schmalh. *''Silene akiyamae'' Rajbh. & Mits.Suzuki *''Silene akmaniana'' Ekim & Çelik *''Silene alaschanica'' (Maxim.) Bocquet *''Silene albescens'' Boiss. *''Silene alexandri'' Hillebr. – Kamalo Gulch catchfly *''Silene alexandrina'' (Asch.) Danin *''Silene alexe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sex Determination In Silene
''Silene'' is a flowering plant genus that has evolved a dioecious reproductive system. This is made possible through heteromorphic sex chromosomes expressed as XY. ''Silene'' recently evolved sex chromosomes 5-10 million years ago and are widely used by geneticists and biologists to study the mechanisms of sex determination since they are one of only 39 species across 14 families of angiosperm that possess sex-determining genes. ''Silene'' are studied because of their ability to produce offspring with a plethora of reproductive systems. The common inference drawn from such studies is that the sex of the offspring is determined by the Y chromosome. Evolution of sex chromosomes Biologists have found that sex chromosomes in plants originated from pairs of autosomes. As these chromosomes diverge from their autosomal ancestor and from each other as a homologous pair, they have the potential to increase or decrease in size due to mutation and recombination. In the case of ''Silen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silene Dioica
''Silene dioica'' (synonym (taxonomy), syn. ''Melandrium rubrum''), known as red campion and red catchfly, is a herbaceous flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Europe and introduced to the Americas. Description It is a biennial plant, biennial or perennial plant, The plant grows to tall, with branching stems. The deep green leaves are in opposite leaves, opposite and Glossary of botanical terms, decussate pairs, simple acute ovate, long with an untoothed margin; both the leaves and stems of the plant are hairy and slightly sticky. The upper leaves are stalkless. Blooming from May to October, the unscented flowers are dark pink to red, each across. There are five petals which are deeply notched at the end, narrowed at the base and all go into an urn-shaped sepal, calyx. As indicated by the specific name, male and female flowers are borne on separate plants (Dioecy, dioecious), the male with 10 stamens and a 10-veined calyx, the female with 5 styles and a 20- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gynodioecy
Gynodioecy is a rare breeding system that is found in certain flowering plant species in which female and hermaphroditic plants coexist within a population. Gynodioecy is the evolutionary intermediate between hermaphroditism (exhibiting both female and male parts) and dioecy (having two distinct morphs: male and female). Gynodioecy is sometimes considered a mixed mating system comparable with trioecy and androdioecy. It is also considered a dimorphic sexual system alongside dioecy and androdioecy. Gynodioecy occurs as a result of transmission of nuclear (nuclear male sterility) or, more commonly, extra-nuclear (e.g. cytoplasmic male sterility) mutated alleles, which prevents pollen production, while keeping the female reproductive parts intact; other members of the species population don't inherit the mutated alleles, thus remaining hermaphrodites. In some cases, a combination of both nuclear and extra-nuclear mechanisms is observed in determining the sterile phenotype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactaceae, and Polygonaceae. It is a large family, with 81 Genus, genera and about 2,625 known species. This cosmopolitan family of mostly herbaceous plants is best represented in temperate climates, with a few species growing on tropical mountains. Some of the more commonly known members include pinks and carnations (''Dianthus''), and firepink and campions (''Silene''). Many species are grown as ornamental plants, and some species are widespread weeds. Most species grow in the Mediterranean and bordering regions of Europe and Asia. The number of genera and species in the Southern Hemisphere is rather small, although the family does contain Antarctic pearlwort (''Colobanthus quitensis''), the world's southernmost dicot, which is on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadena Bicruris
The lychnis (''Hadena bicruris'') is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in northern and western Europe and Turkey. It has an Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution. In the East Palearctic it is replaced by '' Hadena capsincola''. Description This species has dark brown forewings marked with two prominent white-bordered stigmata and a white subterminal line. The hindwings are buffish, darkening to brown towards the margin but with a prominent white fringe. Seitz states - Distinguished from '' rivularis'' F. by the absence of the violet sheen; the markings white instead of yellow; the upper stigmata not conjoined; a conspicuous black blotch above inner margin near base; hindwing fuscous. Larva dull brown, with darker dorsal line and oblique subdorsal streaks. Similar species *'' Hadena capsincola'' has only been listed as an independent species since 1996 after a reworking of the genus ''Hadena'' by Hacker. While ''H. bicruris'' is mainly native to Western Europe, ''H. capsinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gynomonoecious
Gynomonoecy is defined as the presence of both female and hermaphrodite flowers on the same individual of a plant species. It is prevalent in Asteraceae but is poorly understood. It is a monomorphic sexual system comparable with monoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy. Occurrence This sexual system occurs in about 2.8% of flowering plants. It is present in 3% of ''Silene'' species and 23 families of flowering plants, but is most common in the daisy family, Asteraceae. Of the approximately 23000 species in the Asteraceae about 200 are gynomonoecious. Evolution Gynomonoecy may be an intermediate evolutionary state between monoecy and hermaphroditism. It is also postulated to be the ancestor to trimonoecy. Gynomonecy evolved once in Hawaiian ''Tetramolopium''. In families like Compositae or Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae ( ) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type (biology), type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
