Palaephatidae
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Palaephatidae
Palaephatoidea is a superfamily of insects in the order Lepidoptera with a single family, Palaephatidae with seven known genera. These "Gondwanaland moths" exhibit a disjunct distribution occurring mainly in South America (Davis, 1986), with four species in eastern Australia and Tasmania and one in South Africa (Davis, 1999). The larvae spin together leaves of Proteaceae (''Ptyssoptera'') or Verbenaceae (''Azaleodes'') (Nielsen, 1987). Palaephatoidea, a typical monotrysian group, is one two main candidates as the sister group of most of the Lepidoptera, the Ditrysia Ditrysia is a clade of lepidopterans that contains both butterflies and a majority of moth species. They are named for the fact that the female has two distinct sexual openings: one for mating, and the other for laying eggs. About 98% of know ... (see Tischerioidea and also Wiegmann ''et al.'', 2002). References *Davis, D.R. (1986). A new family of monotrysian moth from austral South America (Lepidoptera: Pa ...
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Sesommata
''Sesommata'' is a genus of moths in the family Palaephatidae Palaephatoidea is a superfamily of insects in the order Lepidoptera with a single family, Palaephatidae with seven known genera. These "Gondwanaland moths" exhibit a disjunct distribution occurring mainly in South America (Davis, 1986), with fo .... Species * '' Sesommata leuroptera'' Davis, 1986 * '' Sesommata trachyptera'' Davis, 1986 * '' Sesommata holocapna'' (Meyrick, 1931) * '' Sesommata paraplatysaris'' Davis, 1986 * '' Sesommata platysaris'' (Meyrick, 1931) * '' Sesommata albimaculata'' Davis, 1986 References Palaephatidae Monotrysia genera {{Palaephatoidea-stub ...
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Apophatus
''Apophatus'' is a genus of moths in the family Palaephatidae Palaephatoidea is a superfamily of insects in the order Lepidoptera with a single family, Palaephatidae with seven known genera. These "Gondwanaland moths" exhibit a disjunct distribution occurring mainly in South America (Davis, 1986), with fo .... It was described by Donald R. Davis in 1986. Species * '' Apophatus parvus'' Davis, 1986 * '' Apophatus bifibratus'' Davis, 1986 References Palaephatidae Monotrysia genera {{Palaephatoidea-stub ...
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Palaephatus (moth)
''Palaephatus'' is a genus of moths in the family Palaephatidae Palaephatoidea is a superfamily of insects in the order Lepidoptera with a single family, Palaephatidae with seven known genera. These "Gondwanaland moths" exhibit a disjunct distribution occurring mainly in South America (Davis, 1986), with fo .... Species *Subgenus ''Prophatus'' Davis, 1986 ** '' Palaephatus albicerus'' ** '' Palaephatus amplisaccus'' ** '' Palaephatus dimorphus'' ** '' Palaephatus fusciterminus'' ** '' Palaephatus latus'' ** '' Palaephatus leucacrotus'' ** '' Palaephatus nielseni'' ** '' Palaephatus spinosus'' ** '' Palaephatus striatus'' *Subgenus ''Palaephatus'' ** '' Palaephatus albiterminus'' ** '' Palaephatus falsus'' ** '' Palaephatus luteolus'' ** '' Palaephatus pallidus'' References Palaephatidae Monotrysia genera {{Palaephatoidea-stub ...
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Metaphatus
''Metaphatus'' is a genus of moths in the family Palaephatidae. It was described by Donald R. Davis in 1986. Species * ''Metaphatus spatulatus'' Davis, 1986 * ''Metaphatus ochraceus'' Davis, 1986 * ''Metaphatus ichnius'' Davis, 1986 * ''Metaphatus cirrhus'' Davis, 1986 * ''Metaphatus sinuatus'' Davis, 1986 * ''Metaphatus adustus'' Davis, 1986 References

Palaephatidae Monotrysia genera {{Palaephatoidea-stub ...
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Ptyssoptera
''Ptyssoptera'' is a genus of moths in the family Palaephatidae Palaephatoidea is a superfamily of insects in the order Lepidoptera with a single family, Palaephatidae with seven known genera. These "Gondwanaland moths" exhibit a disjunct distribution occurring mainly in South America (Davis, 1986), with fo .... Species * '' Ptyssoptera acrozyga'' * '' Ptyssoptera lativittella'' * '' Ptyssoptera melitocoma'' * '' Ptyssoptera phaeochrysa'' * '' Ptyssoptera teleochra'' * '' Ptyssoptera tetropa'' * '' Ptyssoptera tryphera'' References Palaephatidae Monotrysia genera {{Palaephatoidea-stub ...
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Azaleodes
''Azaleodes'' is a genus of moths of the family Palaephatidae. The genus is endemic to Australia. Distribution Species are only known from rainforest from Wollongong in New South Wales to Cooktown in Queensland. Species *''Azaleodes brachyceros'' Nielsen, 1987 *''Azaleodes fuscipes'' Nielsen, 1987 *''Azaleodes megaceros'' Nielsen, 1987 *''Azaleodes micronipha'' Turner, 1923 External links Australian Faunal DirectoryA Guide to Australian Moths
Moths of Australia Palaephatidae Monotrysia genera {{Palaephatoidea-stub ...
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Tischerioidea
Tischerioidea is the superfamily of "trumpet" leaf miner moths. The superfamily contains just one family, Tischeriidae, and traditionally one genus, ''Tischeria'', but currently three genera are recognised, widespread around the world including South America (Davis, 1986), except for Australasia (Puplesis and Diskus, 2003). This is one candidate as the sister group (see also Palaephatoidea) of the bulk of Lepidoptera, the Ditrysia (Davis, 1999; Wiegmann ''et al.'', 2002), and they have a monotrysian type of female reproductive system. These small moths are leaf-miners in the caterpillar stage, feeding mainly on Fagaceae (''Tischeria'' and ''Coptotriche''), Asteraceae, and Malvaceae (''Astrotischeria''), and some also on Rhamnaceae, Tiliaceae, and Rosaceae. References *Davis D.R. (1986). A new family of monotrysian moth from austral South America (Lepidoptera: Palaephatidae), with a phylogenetic review of the Monotrysia. ''Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology'', 434: 1-202. *Davi ...
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Monotrysia
The Monotrysia are a group of moths in the lepidopteran order, not currently considered to be a natural group or clade. The group is so named because the female has a single genital opening for mating and laying eggs, in contrast to the rest of the Lepidoptera (Ditrysia), which have two female reproductive openings. Later classifications used Monotrysia in a narrower sense for the nonditrysian Heteroneura, but this group was also found to be paraphyletic with respect to Ditrysia. Apart from the recently discovered family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ... Andesianidae,Davis, D. R. and Gentili, P. (2003). Andesianidae, a new family of monotrysian moths (Lepidoptera: Andesianoidea) from South America. ''Invertebrate Systematics'', 17: 15-2Abstract/ref> most of the g ...
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Proteaceae
The Proteaceae form a family (biology), family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genus, genera with about 1,660 known species. Australia and South Africa have the greatest concentrations of diversity. Together with the Platanaceae (plane trees), Nelumbonaceae (the sacred lotus) and in the recent APG IV system the Sabiaceae, they make up the order Proteales. Well-known Proteaceae genera include ''Protea'', ''Banksia'', ''Embothrium'', ''Grevillea'', ''Hakea'', and ''Macadamia''. Species such as the New South Wales waratah (''Telopea speciosissima''), king protea (''Protea cynaroides''), and various species of ''Banksia'', ''Grevillea'', and ''Leucadendron'' are popular cut flowers. The nuts of ''Macadamia integrifolia'' are widely grown commercially and consumed, as are those of ''Gevuina avellana'' on a smaller scale. Etymology The name Proteaceae was adapted by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773), Robert Brown from ...
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Ditrysia
Ditrysia is a clade of lepidopterans that contains both butterflies and a majority of moth species. They are named for the fact that the female has two distinct sexual openings: one for mating, and the other for laying eggs. About 98% of known Lepidoptera species belong to Ditrysia. As larvae, they initially feed on plants until they grow to become adults and feed on nectar. They function as herbivores, pollinators, and prey in terrestrial ecosystems, and can also be extremely damaging to crops. The Lepidoptera group can be divided into the primitive but paraphyletic "micromoths" and the derived monophyletic Apoditrysia, which include mostly larger moths, as well as the butterflies. Those with a dorsal heart vessel belong in section Cossina. Others, having a ventral heart vessel, belong in section Tineina. While it is difficult to pinpoint the origin of affinities between clades, Tineoidea are found to be useful in understanding the vast diversity in Ditrysia. Obstecomera and ...
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Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxono ...
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