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Ohlone Languages
The Ohlone languages, also known as Costanoan, form a small Indigenous language, Indigenous language family historically spoken in Northern California, both in the southern San Francisco Bay Area and northern Monterey Bay area, by the Ohlone people. Along with the Miwok languages, they are members of the Utian languages, Utian language family. The most recent work suggests that Ohlone, Miwok, and Yokuts languages, Yokuts are branches of a Yok-Utian language family. Languages Ohlone comprises eight attested varieties: Awaswas language, Awaswas, Chalon language, Chalon, Chochenyo language, Chochenyo (also spelt as Chocheño), Karkin language, Karkin, Mutsun language, Mutsun, Ramaytush language, Ramaytush, Rumsen language, Rumsen, and Tamyen language, Tamyen. Overall, divergence among these languages seems to have been roughly comparable to that among the languages of the Romance languages, Romance sub-family of Indo-European languages. Neighboring groups seem to have been able t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ohlone
The Ohlone ( ), formerly known as Costanoans (from Spanish meaning 'coast dweller'), are a Native Americans in the United States, Native American people of the Northern California coast. When Spanish explorers and missionaries arrived in the late 18th century, the Ohlone inhabited the area along the coast from San Francisco Bay through Monterey Bay to the lower Salinas Valley. At that time they spoke a variety of related languages. The Ohlone languages make up a sub-family of the Utian languages, Utian language family. Older proposals place Utian within the Penutian language phylum, while newer proposals group it as Yok-Utian languages, Yok-Utian. In pre-Colonialism, colonial times, the Ohlone lived in more than 50 List of Ohlone villages, distinct landholding groups, and did not view themselves as a single unified group. They lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering, in the typical ethnographic California pattern. The members of these various bands interacted freely with one a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramaytush Language
The Ramaytush language is one of the eight Ohlone languages, historically spoken by the Ramaytush people who were indigenous to California. Historically, the Ramaytush inhabited the San Francisco Peninsula between San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean in the area which is now San Francisco and San Mateo Counties. Ramaytush is a dialect or language within the Ohlone branch of the Utian family. The term Ramaytush was first applied to it during the 1970s, and is derived from the term "people from the west". It is extinct, but efforts are being taken to revive it. The Ramaytush language territory was largely bordered by ocean, except in the south, which was bordered by the people of the Santa Clara Valley who spoke the Tamyen language and the people of the Santa Cruz Mountains and Pacific Coast at Point Año Nuevo who spoke dialects merging toward the Awaswas language. To the east, across San Francisco Bay, were tribes that spoke the Chochenyo language. To the north, across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felipe Arroyo De La Cuesta
Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta (1780–1842) was a Spanish Franciscan missionary and linguist notable for his work on native languages. Arroyo de la Cuesta was born in Cubo de Bureba, Burgos, Spain in 1780. He arrived in the Spanish territory of Alta California in 1808 and worked at the Mission San Juan Bautista in California from 1808 to 1833. He studied and wrote numerous works on the languages of the region including Costanoan, Mutsun, and Yokuts. In 1833, Arroyo de la Cuesta handed the work of San Juan Bautista over to Zacatean Franciscans. He then worked in a number of other Central California missions including San Luis Obispo ; ; ; Chumashan languages, Chumash: ''tiłhini'') is a city and county seat of San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast (California), Central Coast of California, San Luis Obispo is roughly halfway betwee ..., San Miguel, La Purísima, and Santa Inés. He died in Santa Inés on 20 September 1842. Refere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language
Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary. It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and signed language, signed forms, and may also be conveyed through writing system, writing. Human language is characterized by its cultural and historical diversity, with significant variations observed between cultures and across time. Human languages possess the properties of Productivity (linguistics), productivity and Displacement (linguistics), displacement, which enable the creation of an infinite number of sentences, and the ability to refer to objects, events, and ideas that are not immediately present in the discourse. The use of human language relies on social convention and is acquired through learning. Estimates of the number of human languages in the world vary between and . Precise estimates depend on an arbitrary distinction (dichotomy) established between languages and dialects. Natural languages are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialect
A dialect is a Variety (linguistics), variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standard language, standardized varieties as well as Vernacular language, vernacular, unwritten, or non-standardized varieties, such as those used in developing countries or isolated areas. The non-standard dialects of a language with a writing system will operate at different degrees of distance from the standardized written form. Standard and nonstandard dialects A ''standard dialect'', also known as a "standardized language", is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include any or all of the following: government recognition or designation; formal presentation in schooling as the "correct" form of a language; informal monitoring of everyday Usage (language), usage; published grammars, dictionaries, and textbooks that set forth a normative spoken and written form; and an extensive formal literature (be it prose, poetry, non-ficti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ohlone Spoken Word
The Ohlone ( ), formerly known as Costanoans (from Spanish meaning 'coast dweller'), are a Native Americans in the United States, Native American people of the Northern California coast. When Spanish explorers and missionaries arrived in the late 18th century, the Ohlone inhabited the area along the coast from San Francisco Bay through Monterey Bay to the lower Salinas Valley. At that time they spoke a variety of related languages. The Ohlone languages make up a sub-family of the Utian languages, Utian language family. Older proposals place Utian within the Penutian language phylum, while newer proposals group it as Yok-Utian languages, Yok-Utian. In pre-Colonialism, colonial times, the Ohlone lived in more than 50 List of Ohlone villages, distinct landholding groups, and did not view themselves as a single unified group. They lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering, in the typical ethnographic California pattern. The members of these various bands interacted freely with one a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catherine Callaghan
Catherine A. Callaghan (October 31, 1931 – March 16, 2019) was Professor Emerita in the Department of Linguistics at the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. She received a Ph.D. in linguistics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1963. Her doctoral dissertation was a grammar of Lake Miwok, written under the supervision of Mary Haas. She then started work on the Lake Miwok Dictionary, which was published in 1965. She was appointed Assistant Professor of Linguistics at the Ohio State University in 1965 and remained there until her retirement. She was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1969. Throughout her career, Callaghan's research focused on the Penutian languages of California, especially connections between Yokuts and Miwok. She appeared briefly in the documentary, ''How Dead do I Look?'', which was filmed in 2014. Her papers on Miwok Languages are collected at the California Language Archive. In 1973, Callaghan co-f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Revitalization
Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one. Those involved can include linguists, cultural or community groups, or governments. Some argue for a distinction between language revival (the resurrection of an extinct language with no existing native speakers) and language revitalization (the rescue of a "dying" language). Languages targeted for language revitalization include those whose use and prominence is severely limited. Sometimes various tactics of language revitalization can even be used to try to revive extinct languages. Though the goals of language revitalization vary greatly from case to case, they typically involve attempting to expand the number of speakers and use of a language, or trying to maintain the current level of use to protect the language from extinction or language death. Reasons for revitalization vary: they can incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Clara Valley
The Santa Clara Valley (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Valle de Santa Clara'') is a geologic trough in Northern California that extends south–southeast from San Francisco to Hollister, California, Hollister. The longitudinal valley is bordered on the west by the Santa Cruz Mountains and on the east by the Diablo Range; the two coastal ranges meet south of Hollister. The San Francisco Bay borders the valley to the north, and fills much of the northern third of the valley. The valley floor is an alluvial plain that formed in the graben (tectonic depression) between the San Andreas Fault to the west and the Hayward Fault Zone, Hayward and Calaveras Fault, Calaveras faults to the east. Within the valley and surrounding the bay on three sides are the urban communities of San Mateo County, California, San Mateo County, Santa Clara County, California, Santa Clara County, and Alameda County, California, Alameda County, while the narrow southern reaches of the valley extend into rural Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)
The East Bay is the eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area and includes cities along the eastern shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa counties. With a population of roughly 2.8 million in 2024, it is the most populous subregion in the Bay Area, containing the second- and third-most populous Bay Area counties of Alameda (1.7 million) and Contra Costa (1.1 million). Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay by population and the third largest in the Bay Area. The city serves as a major transportation hub for the U.S. West Coast, and its port is the largest in Northern California. Increased population has led to the growth of large edge cities such as Alameda, Concord, Emeryville, Fremont, Hayward, Livermore, Pleasanton, San Ramon, and Walnut Creek. History and development Although initial development in the greater Bay Area focused on San Francisco, the coastal East Bay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mission Santa Clara
Mission (from Latin 'the act of sending out'), Missions or The Mission may refer to: Geography Australia *Mission River (Queensland) Canada *Mission, British Columbia, a district municipality *Mission, Calgary, Alberta, a neighbourhood * Okanagan Mission, a neighbourhood in Kelowna, British Columbia, commonly called "the Mission" *Mission River, a short river located at the delta of the Kaministiquia River of northern Ontario, Canada *Mission Ridge (British Columbia), a ridge in BC *Mission Ridge Ski Area, a Ski Area near the ridge in BC *Mission Lake, a lake in Saskatchewan United States * Mission, Delaware, an unincorporated community * Mission, Kansas, a city * Mission, Michigan, an unincorporated community * Mission, Minnesota, an unincorporated community * Mission, Oregon, an unincorporated community and census-designated place * Mission, South Dakota, a city * Mission, Texas, a city * Mission District, San Francisco, a neighborhood in San Francisco, California, co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
