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Nemestrinoidea Genera
Nemestrinoidea is a small, monophyletic superfamily of flies, whose relationship to the other Brachycera is uncertain; they are sometimes grouped with the Tabanomorpha rather than the Asilomorpha. They are presently considered to be the sister taxon to the Asiloidea. The group contains two very small extant families, the Acroceridae and Nemestrinidae, both of which occur worldwide but contain only small numbers of rare species. One extinct family, Rhagionemestriidae, is also included in Nemestrinoidea. These insects are parasitoids, with Acroceridae attacking spiders, and Nemestrinidae typically attacking Orthoptera Orthoptera () is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – gras .... Both families have unusual and distinctive wing venation by which they can be easily recognized, in addition to ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acrocera Orbiculus
''Acrocera'' is a genus of small-headed flies in the family Acroceridae. Species Subgenus ''Acrocera (subgenus), Acrocera'' Johann Wilhelm Meigen, Meigen, 1803 *''Acrocera ashleyi'' Barraclough, 2000 *''Acrocera bacchulus'' (Richard Karl Hjalmar Frey, Frey, 1936) *''Acrocera bakeri'' Daniel William Coquillett, Coquillett, 1904 *''Acrocera bicolor'' Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart, Macquart, 1846 *''Acrocera borealis'' Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt, Zetterstedt, 1838 *''Acrocera bulla'' John O. Westwood, Westwood, 1848 *''Acrocera brasiliensis'' Gil Collado, 1928 *''Acrocera convexa'' Cole, 1919 *''Acrocera fasciata'' Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann, Wiedemann, 1830 *''Acrocera flaveola'' Curtis Williams Sabrosky, Sabrosky, 1944 *''Acrocera fumipennis'' John O. Westwood, Westwood, 1848 *''Acrocera honorati'' Juan Brèthes, Brèthes, 1925 *''Acrocera infurcata'' Enrico Adelelmo Brunetti, Brunetti, 1926 *''Acrocera laeta'' Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstaecker, Gerstaecker, 1856 *''Acrocera l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acroceridae
The Acroceridae are a small family of odd-looking flies. They have a hump-backed appearance with a strikingly small head, generally with a long proboscis for accessing nectar. They are rare and not widely known. The most frequently applied common names are small-headed flies or hunch-back flies. Many are bee or wasp mimics. Because they are parasitoids of spiders, they also are sometimes known as spider flies. Description The Acroceridae vary in size from small to fairly large, about the size of large bees, with a wingspan over 25 mm in some species. As a rule, both sexes have tiny heads and a characteristic hump-backed appearance because of the large, rounded thorax. In appearance, they are compact flies without major bristles, but many species have a bee-like hairiness on their bodies, and some are bee or wasp mimics. In most species, the eyes are holoptic in both sexes, the heads seemingly composed mainly of the large faceted eyes. This is in contrast to many insects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemestrinidae
Nemestrinidae, or tangle-veined flies is a family of flies in the superfamily Nemestrinoidea, closely related to Acroceridae. Larvae are endoparasitoids of either grasshoppers (Trichopsideinae) or scarab beetles (Hirmoneurinae). Some are considered important in the control of grasshopper populations. Adults are often observed on flowers. Distribution The family is small but distributed worldwide, with about 300 species in 34 genera. Nemestrinidae are most diverse in the southern hemisphere, and only six species in three genera occur in the Nearctic region. Genera * '' Atriadops'' * '' Ceyloniola'' * '' Cyclopsidea'' * '' Fallenia'' * '' Hirmoneura'' * '' Hyrmophlaeba'' Rondani, 1864 * '' Moegistorhynchus'' * '' Nemestrinus'' * '' Neohirmoneura'' * '' Neorhynchocephalus'' Lichtwardt, 1909 * '' Nycterimorpha'' * '' Nycterimyia'' * '' Prosoeca'' * '' Stenobasipteron'' * '' Stenopteromyia'' * '' Trichophthalma'' * '' Trichopsidea'' Westwood, 1839 Data sources: i = ITIS, c = ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhagionemestriidae
Rhagionemestriidae is an extinct family of brachyceran flies known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. It was first named as a subfamily of the Nemestrinidae by Ussatchov (1968), and was raised to full family status by Nagatomi and Yang (1998). They are considered to be closely related to the family Acroceridae. Similar to Acroceridae, members of the family possess a large hemispherical head, with eyes covering nearly all of the area. Taxonomy * †'' Cretinemestrinus'' Zhang et al. 2020 ** †''Cretinemestrinus euremus'' Grimaldi 2016 (formerly ''Jurassinemestrinus eurema)'' Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian * †'' Burminemestrinus'' Zhang et al. 2020 ** †''Burminemestrinus qiyani'' Zhang et al. 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian * †'' Iberomosca'' Mostovski and Martínez-Delclòs 2000M. B. Mostovski and X. Martínez-Delclòs. 2000New Nemestrinoidea (Diptera: Brachycera) from the Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous of Eurasia, taxonomy, and palaeobiology ''Entomo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population), i.e. excludes non-descendants of that common ancestor # the grouping contains all the descendants of that common ancestor, without exception Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic'' grouping meets 1. but not 2., thus consisting of the descendants of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A '' polyphyletic'' grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize convergent relationships of biological features rather than genetic relationships – for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, or aquatic insects. As such, these characteristic features of a polyphyletic grouping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachycera
The Brachycera are a suborder of the order Diptera. It is a major suborder consisting of around 120 families. Their most distinguishing characteristic is reduced antenna segmentation. Description A summary of the main physical characteristics is: * Antenna size (with eight or fewer flagellomeres) is reduced. In many species the third segment, the flagellum, is fused, except from a bristle called the arista that is sticking out from the fused flagellum. The arista consist of no more than three segments called aristomeres. * The maxillary palp (an elongated appendage near the mouth) has two segments or fewer. * The back portions of the larval head capsule extend into the prothorax (the anterior part of the thorax, which bears the first pair of legs). * Two distinct parts make up of the larval mandible (lower jaw). * The epandrium and hypandrium of the genitalia are separated in males. * No premandible is present on the lower surface of the labrum (the roof of the mout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabanomorpha
The Brachyceran infraorder Tabanomorpha is a small group that consists primarily of two large families, the Tabanidae (horse and deer flies) and Rhagionidae (snipe flies), and an assortment of very small affiliated families, most of which have been (or could be, or sometimes are) included within the Rhagionidae. Description Adult Tabanomorpha typically have a convex face and antenna bearing styli. The forewing has a costa along its entire perimeter (though its posterior portion may be weaker), while the tarsi have pulvilliform empodia. Males have eyes that are nearly or fully holoptic and have an endoaedeagal process which is usually quite long and distinct. Females have the cercus always flattened. Larval Tabanomorpha have a retractable head capsule and a brush of setae just under the fold of the integument. Ecology Adults of most species feed on nectar and pollen, but blood-feeding (hematophagy) occurs in the majority of female Tabanidae, some Rhagionidae and an Atheri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asilomorpha
The Brachyceran infraorder Asilomorpha is a large and diverse group of flies, containing the bulk of the non muscoid Brachycera.Grootaert, P.; De Bruyn, L.; De Meyer, M. (1991). Catalogue of the Diptera of Belgium. Studiedocumenten van het K.B.I.N. = Documents de Travail de l'I.R.Sc.N.B., 70. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussel. 338 The larvae of asilomorphs are extremely diverse in habits, as well. Classification In most modern classifications, the infraorder Asilomorpha is not recognized, as it is paraphyletic; the Empidoidea are the sister taxon to the Muscomorpha (used here in the same sense as the traditional Cyclorrhapha, not following the Tree of Life Web Project system in this one instance). However, these modern classifications are not Linnaean, and - while relatively easy to visualize on a phylogenetic tree diagram - do not lend themselves to any classification that uses Linnaean ranks (''see'' discussion ''for details''). Also, some classifica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asiloidea
The Asiloidea comprise a very large Taxonomic rank, superfamily insects in the order fly, Diptera, the true fly, flies. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring worldwide. It includes the family Bombyliidae, the bee flies, which are parasitoids, and the Asilidae, the robber flies, which are predators of other insects. Description Adult Asiloidea are large and showy flies in terms of general appearance. They can be recognised by the following features: Antenna (biology), antenna with no more than 4 flagellomeres, leg empodium usually setiform or absent; wing with cell cup elongate and vein CuA2 ending freely on the wing margin or meeting with vein A1 at or near the wing margin. In families Mydidae, Apioceridae, and Asilidae, the head is at least slightly concave between the eyes and the Simple eye in invertebrates, ocelli, and both sexes are dichoptic (with a clear separation between the eyes). In Therevidae, Apsilocephalidae, and Scenopinidae, the males are usually Holoptic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neontology
Neontology is a part of biology that, in contrast to paleontology, studies and deals with living (or, more generally, '' recent'') organisms. It is the study of extant taxa (singular: extant taxon): taxa (such as species, genera and families) with members still alive, as opposed to (all) being extinct. For example: * The Indian elephant (''Elephas maximus'') is an extant species, and the woolly mammoth (''Mammuthus primigenius'') is an extinct species. * The moose (''Alces alces'') is an extant species, and the Irish elk (''Megaloceros giganteus'') is an extinct species. * In the group of molluscs known as the cephalopods, there were approximately 600 extant species and 7,500 extinct species. A taxon can be classified as extinct if it is broadly agreed or certified that no members of the group are still alive. Conversely, an extinct taxon can be reclassified as extant if there are new discoveries of living species (" Lazarus species"), or if previously known extant species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct
Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and recover. As a species' potential Range (biology), range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxon, Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the Fossil, fossil record) after a period of apparent absence. Over five billion species are estimated to have died out. It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryotes globally, possibly many times more if microorganisms are included. Notable extinct animal species include Dinosaur, non-avian dinosaurs, Machairodontinae, saber-toothed cats, and mammoths. Through evolution, species arise through the process of specia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
